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1、高考语法专题三高考语法专题三 定语从句定语从句专题三定语从句专题三定语从句定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如：that，which和和where，when的区分；的区分； that，which和和why的区的区分等。分等。2考查考查whose的使用。的使用。whose可以指代人或物
2、，在可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose名词名词名词名词 of which of which名词。如：名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.返回目录返回目录专题三定语从句专题三定语从句3考查考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导引导的主语从句的
3、区分。的主语从句的区分。4考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5考查考查“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。“介介词关系代词词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用，指物时用which，不能用，不能用that。关系代词作定语。关系代词作定语时也可用时也可用whose。如：。如：The teacher in front
4、 of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.专题三定语从句专题三定语从句同时还要重视同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的出现时与并列句的区别。如：区别。如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句定语从句)He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句并列句)此外，此外，“介词介词which
5、 名词名词”结构，也是一个较为结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：特殊的结构。如：He was very ill, in which case(and in this case)we sent him to hospital first.专题三定语从句专题三定语从句6考查一些特殊的先行词。如：当考查一些特殊的先行词。如：当situation, point, case, activity，scene及及period, festival, occasion等出等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时，现时，要注意具体情况具体分析；作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词用关系代词that/wh
6、ich; 作状语时，用关系副词作状语时，用关系副词where/when或或“介词介词which”，表示在某种特定的情形，表示在某种特定的情形下。下。7考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别如：如：The news that he had passed the exam pleased him and his family.(同位语从句同位语从句)The news (that) he told me this morning is not interesting. (定语从句定语从句)专题三定语从句专题三定语从句It was 1914 when th
7、e war broke out.(时间状语从句时间状语从句)It was in 1914 that the war broke out.(强调句强调句)2014年高考对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯地考查其年高考对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯地考查其语法语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中来考查考生的实结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。际综合运用能力。 12013湖南卷湖南卷 Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom Bwh
8、oCwhat Dwhich解解析析 B 考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：幸幸福福和和成成功功往往往往降降临临到到那那些些善善于于认认识识到到自自己己优优点点的的人人身身上上。空空格格前前的的代代词词those指指代代“人人”，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，故故用用who引导定语从句。引导定语从句。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句22013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷 When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.A. what Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich解解析析 C考考查查定定语语从从
9、句句。句句意意：当当我我到到了了的的时时候候，布布莱莱恩恩带带我我去去看看我我要要居居住住的的房房子子。 where引引导导定定语语从从句，先行词句，先行词the house在从句中作地点状语。在从句中作地点状语。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句32013江苏卷江苏卷 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen解解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句。先先行行词词a p
10、assion for China在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中作作动动词词remember的的宾宾语语，所所以以用关系代词用关系代词which引导，故选引导，故选B项。项。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句42013江西卷江西卷 He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A. what Bwhich Cwhere Dhow解解析析 C考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：他他写写了了一一封封信信，在在信信中中，他他解解释释了了在在这这次次事事故故中中所所发发生生的的事事情情。 定定语语从从句句中中带带
11、了了一一个个宾宾语语从从句句，先先行行词词在在从从句句中中作作状状语语，where相当于相当于in which。专题专题三三 定语从句定语从句52013辽宁卷辽宁卷 He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that case Cin what case Din whose case解解析析 A考考查查定定语语从从句句。在在非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中用用which; in which case 指指 代代 前前 面面 he may win th
12、e competition。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句62013山东卷山东卷 There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as Bthat Cwhen Dwhere解解析析 A考考查查定定语语从从句句。as引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，as is often the case意思是意思是“情况常常如此情况常常如此”。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句72013四川卷四川卷 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.
13、A. what Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere解解 析析 D 考考 查查 定定 语语 从从 句句 的的 用用 法法 。 此此 处处 the environment为为先先行行词词，where代代替替这这一一先先行行词词作作后后面面定定语语从从句句的的状状语语。句句意意：如如今今人人们们更更关关心心他他们们居居住住的的环境。环境。专题三定语从句专题三定语从句82013天津卷天津卷 We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.A. that Bwhich Cwho Dwhat 解
14、解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句中中关关系系代代词词的的用用法法。此此句句的的先先行行词词指指代代前前面面整整个个句句子子，且且是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，需需用用which引引导导。that不不引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句。句句意意：我我们们已已经经发发射射了了另另一一颗颗人人造造卫卫星星，这这在在今今天天的的报报纸纸上上公布了。公布了。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句92013浙江卷浙江卷 The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what Ball of whichC
15、all of them Dall of whom解解析析 D 考考查查定定语语从从句句。该该句句中中的的先先行行词词是是the children，此此处处先先行行词词在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，同同时时表表示示“人人”，应该用关系代词，应该用关系代词whom，故选，故选D项。项。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句102013福建卷福建卷 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose BthatCwho Dwhich解解析析 A考考查查定定语语
16、从从句句。先先行行词词指指人人且且在在句句中中作作定定语语修修饰饰其其后后的的名名词词lives, 所所以以用用whose。句句意意：这这本本书书以以那那些些生生活活受受到到地地震震影影响响的的人人们们的的眼眼光光讲讲述述了了这这次次地地震中的许多故事。震中的许多故事。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句1David, it will be helpful if you find group activities _ you can be with people who share your interests.Awhich Bwhen Cwhom Dwhere解解析析 D考考查查定定语语从从句句。该
17、该空空引引导导定定语语从从句句修修饰饰group activities且在从句中作地点状语，故选且在从句中作地点状语，故选D项。项。 专题三专题三 定语从句定语从句2Members of the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Training Base, _was set up in 2009, are able to manage their wheelchairs perfectly. Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dthat解解 析析 B 考考 查查 定定 语语 从从 句句 。 先先 行行 词词 the Beijing Wheelchair Dance Trai
18、ning Base作作 定定 语语 从从 句句“_was set up in 2009”的的主主语语，且且是是非非限限制制性性定语从句，故用定语从句，故用which，而不用，而不用that。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句3April Fools Day is a traditional festival _ people play harmless jokes on others. Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dwhen解解析析 D考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：愚愚人人节节是是一一个个传传统统的的节节日日，在在这这天天人人们们可可以以彼彼此此开开一一些些无无伤伤大大雅雅的的玩玩
19、笑笑。空空格格后后面面的的句句子子是是定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰前前面面的的名名词词festival，而而festival 在在定定语语从从句句中中作作时时间间状状语语，所所以以选选D项项when。which 和和that 在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语、宾宾语语、表表语语等等，不不能能作作状状语语；where 可可作作状状语语，但但是是表表示示地地点点，不符合题意。不符合题意。专题九专题九 定语从句定语从句4Where did you meet Mr Smith from the US yesterday?It is in that market _ we often buy thin
20、gs. A. where Bwhat Cthat Dthere解解析析 A考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：“你你昨昨天天在在哪哪里里见见到到从从美美国国来来的的史史密密斯斯先先生生的的？”“是是在在我我们们经经常常买买东东西西的的那那家家市市场场里里。”答答语语是是一一个个包包含含定定语语从从句句的的强强调调句句型型，完完整整表表达达是是：It is in that market where we often buy things that I met Mr Smith from the US yesterday.专题专题三三定语从句定语从句5Is this the school Jack
21、 often talks about?Right, just the one _ you know he studied for up to nine years. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhere 解解析析 D考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：“这这个个就就是是杰杰克克经经常常提提及及的的学学校校吗吗？”“是是的的，你你知知道道，这这正正是是他他读读了了近近九九年年书书的的那那个个学学校校。”此此句句是是个个定定语语从从句句，先先行行词词the one在从句中充当地点状语，在从句中充当地点状语，you know是插入语。是插入语。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句6He was
22、 then admitted to a key university, _ he graduated with honours.Aof which Bon which Cabout which Dfrom which解解析析 D考考查查非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的用用法法。句句意意：他他被被一一所所重重点点大大学学录录取取，毕毕业业时时成成绩绩优优异异。 graduate from从从毕毕业业。先先行行词词是是a key university，which指指代代a key university，故选，故选D项。项。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句7When people talk abou
23、t the most popular new Chinese Internet words in 2010, the first _comes into their mind is geili.Awhich Bthat Cone Dof them解解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：当当谈谈论论2010年年中中国国网网络络上上最最流流行行的的新新词词时时，第第一一个个进进入入他他们们的的脑脑海海的的就就是是“给给力力”。the first相相当当于于the first word，用用作作先先行行词词，从从句句缺缺少少主主语语，故故选选择择关关系系代代词词；由由于于先先行行词词是是序数
24、词，所以不用序数词，所以不用which。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句8Foreign ministers of the two countries hold regular meetings, _they can exchange views on international issues of both concern.Awhat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhy解解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句。先先行行词词是是 meetings，引引导导词词在在从从句句中中作作状状语语，where相相当当于于in the meetings。句句意意：两两国国外外交交部部长长定定期期举举行行会会议议
25、，在在会会议议上上他他们们可可以以就双方都关心的国际事务交流观点。就双方都关心的国际事务交流观点。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句9The book, _ are true stories about great scientists of the 20th century, is well worth reading.Awhich Bwhat Cin which Dof which解解析析 C考考查查定定语语从从句句。这这个个定定语语从从句句是是一一个个完完全全倒倒 装装 句句 ， 陈陈 述述 语语 序序 是是 ： True stories about great scientists of t
26、he 20th century are in the book.which指指代代先行词先行词the book，作介词，作介词in的宾语。的宾语。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句10_is often the case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older.AWhich BWhat CAs DThat解解析析 C考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：动动物物和和人人类类通通常常都都是是这这样样的的，年年轻轻的的时时候候睡睡得得很很多多，但但随随着着
27、年年龄龄的的增增长长睡睡得得越越少少了了。as引引导导定定语语从从句句，放放在在句句首首，指指代代从从句句内内容容。as is often the case(with)情情况况常常常常如如此此，通常就是这样。通常就是这样。专题专题三三定语从句定语从句备用习题备用习题1The building beyond the river is a gym, _ is a large square, where various concerts are usually held.Ain the south of which Bwhere Cto the south of it Dsouth of which
28、解解析析 D考考查查定定语语从从句句。该该空空引引导导定定语语从从句句，south of which在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。备用习题备用习题2In order to make students feel secured in the classroom, teachers should create an atmosphere, _ students can openly express their concerns.Awhich BwhatCwhere Dwhat 解解析析 C C 考考查查定定语语从从句句。该该空空引引导导定定语语从从句句修修饰饰atmosphereatmosphe
29、re，且在从句中作地点状语，故选，且在从句中作地点状语，故选C C 项。项。备用习题备用习题3Bill, how have you been? Cant complain! I have one son and one daughter, _ are in college and my business is going well. Aboth of them Bneither of them Cneither of whom Dboth of whom解解析析 D 考考查查定定语语从从句句。根根据据空空前前的的逗逗号号可可判判断断该该空空引引导导定定语语从从句句修修饰饰one son and
30、 one daughter，可可把把A、B两两项项排排除除。再再根根据据空空后后的的are排排除除C项项，因因为为neither作作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D项。项。备用习题备用习题4There are species living in the depths of the oceans _ we still know little.Afor which Bin whichCof what Dof which解解析析 D考考查查“介介词词关关系系代代词词”引引导导的的定定语语从从句句。代代替替指指物物的的先先行行词词species，在在介介词词of 后后作作
31、宾宾语语，所所以以用用关关系系代代词词which，这这里里表表达达的的是是我我们们对对于于这这些些物物种种一一无所知，即无所知，即know little of，所以选，所以选D。备用习题备用习题5A good advertisement often uses words_people attach positive meanings.Athat BwhichCwith which Dto which解解析析 D考考查查“介介词词关关系系代代词词”引引导导定定语语从从句句。根根据据attach的的搭搭配配确确定定介介词词用用to，代代词词指指代代表表示示物物的的先先行词行词words，作介词，作
32、介词to的宾语用的宾语用which。备用习题备用习题6The CCTV program, People Who Moved China, honours those _ contributions should be remembered.Awhose BwhichCtheir Dwho解解析析 A考考查查关关系系代代词词引引导导的的定定语语从从句句。 代代词词指指代代表表示示物物的的先先行行词词People Who Moved China，作作名名词词contributions的定语，应该用关系代词的定语，应该用关系代词whose。备用习题备用习题7Dr Josh has started a
33、 social enterprise _ young people can get involved in helping the community.Awhich BwhereCthat Dwhen解解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句。句句意意：Josh博博士士开开办办了了一一家家企企业业，在在这这里里年年轻轻人人能能够够参参与与帮帮助助社社区区的的活活动动。 本本题题的的先先行行词词是是a social enterprise，定定语语从从句句的的结结构构完完整整，所以使用关系副词，结合句意可知所以使用关系副词，结合句意可知B正确。正确。备用习题备用习题8Men are more suite
34、d to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most importantAwhich; that B/; whenCwhich; when Dthat; where解解析析 D第第一一空空用用关关系系代代词词that或或which 作作主主语语，不不可可以以省省略略。第第二二空空根根据据先先行行词词jobs和和定定语语从从句句的的意意思思，确确定定用用关关系系副副词词where(at which)表表地地点点，
35、作作地地点点状状语。语。 备用习题备用习题9After the storm in Beijing, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.Awhich BwhoCwhere Dwhat解解析析 B考考查查定定语语从从句句。定定语语从从句句的的主主语语应应该该是是人人，其先行词是其先行词是people，所以答案为，所以答案为B。 备用习题备用习题10The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere解解析析 D 考考查查定定语语从从句句。定定语语从从句句修修饰饰先先行行词词the village，定语从句结构完整，所以应该使用关系副词。，定语从句结构完整，所以应该使用关系副词。
