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1、 Unit 5 The power of natureLearning about Language1_ n火山火山2_ vi.(指火山指火山)爆发；突然发生爆发；突然发生_n火山爆发；火山爆发；(战争等战争等)爆发爆发3_ adv.在旁边；沿着边在旁边；沿着边 prep.在在旁边；沿着旁边；沿着的边的边4_vt.任命；委派任命；委派_ n约定；约定；任命任命5_ vt.评估；评价；估计评估；评价；估计_ n评估评估volcanoerupteruptionalongsideappointappointmentevaluateevaluation6_ n波浪；波涛波浪；波涛 vi.波动；起伏；挥
2、手波动；起伏；挥手7_ adj.绝对的；完全的绝对的；完全的absolutely adv.绝绝对地对地8_ n一套外衣；套装；一套外衣；套装；vt.适合；使适宜适合；使适宜suitable adj.合适的合适的9_ n潜在性；可能性；潜能潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj.可能的；可能的；潜在的潜在的10_ adj.实在的；实际的实在的；实际的actually adv.实际实际地地waveabsolutesuitpotentialactualGrammar Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater
3、.The -ing form used as an adverbial clauseHaving experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didnt take much notice.Having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by main verb.小结小结-ing 形式的用法形式的用法1. -ing 形式作状语形式作状语用法用法例句例句
4、时间时间Walking along the street, I met Mary. 在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。(= While I was walking along the street, )用法用法例句例句原因原因Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, )因为疲倦，我停下来因为疲倦，我停下来休息。休息。条件条件Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, )向左走，你就会
5、向左走，你就会找到那所学校。找到那所学校。用法用法例句例句让步让步Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。(= Though he knows where I live, )用法用法例句例句伴随伴随I stood there, waiting for her. (= , and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。我站在那儿等她。结果结果It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It r
6、ained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下得如此大，以致引发了洪灾。在这个地方雨下得如此大，以致引发了洪灾。2. ing形式的完成式形式的完成式句句型型主主动动Having +p.p. , 主语主语+谓语谓语被被动动(Having been)+p.p. , 主语主语+谓语谓语用法用法-ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前表示被动可直接用过去分词表示被动可直接用过去分词例句例句Having finished my work, I went home. (=
7、After I had finished my work, )工作做完之后，我就回工作做完之后，我就回家了。家了。3. 使用使用-ing形式需注意形式需注意的几个问题。的几个问题。分词分词(短语短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didnt want the children to pla
8、y together.我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。子们在一起玩。(现在分词现在分词explaining是句子主语是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系做的动作，它们之间是主动关系,即即explaining的的逻辑主语就是句子的主语逻辑主语就是句子的主语my wife 。) The train having gone,we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语逻辑主语 + having gone 即即为为独立主格结构独立主格结构）特别注意特别注意分词短语分词短语作作
9、状语时状语时，分词短语分词短语前面前面可以加上连词可以加上连词或或 介词介词(如如but，and，though等等)，但是分词短语和，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词句子之间不能用并列连词。因为并列连词接的是因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。部分。分词短语和主句之间可用逗号分词短语和主句之间可用逗号。例如例如:误误: Having been told many times，but he still couldnt understand it.正正: He was told many times, but he sti
10、ll couldnt understand it.或或 (Though )having been told many times，he still couldnt understand it.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用现在分词的完成式表示先发生的动作用现在分词的完成式表示先发生的动作。例如例如:Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.(=He opened the drawer and took out his
11、wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=He came into the room and put down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。他走进房间，放下提包。Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.布朗先生布朗先生 刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成此句如写成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for
12、breakfast.可能指可能指“边刷牙，边下楼边刷牙，边下楼”。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否等否定词构成定词构成。例如例如:Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help.我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警
13、察帮忙。 . 每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school._ _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers._ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. Being illWalking along3. If it is sunny, well go
14、 for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _, well go for a picnic tomorrow.4. After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV._ _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.5. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes._ _ _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes.It being sunnyHaving finishedHaving been warned
