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1、Unit 1 Making a differenceGrammar Infinitive动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主语主语 (subject) 宾语宾语 (object) 表语表语 (predicative) 定语定语 (attribute) 状语状语 (adverbial) 宾补宾补 (object complement)1. Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.3. All you have to do
2、 is (to) finish the job quickly.2. My job is to help the patients. 作表语作表语 不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语等后作表语 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do，用作，用作 表语的不定式可省略表语的不定式可省略to . 作定语作定语 (常常表示将来的动作常常表示将来的动作)1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 She was very busy and had no t
3、ime to visit her friends. Ladies and gentlemen ,I have something important to tell you . 2. 当名词被当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.4. 如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词则后面需适当的介词 Please pass me some paper to write_. Sh
4、e has a nice pen to write _. He bought a flat for the family to live _.5. Do you have a letter to send? Do you have a letter to be sent?你有信要我寄吗？你有信要我寄吗？你有信要寄吗？你有信要寄吗？onwithin3. .也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.eg: He spoke loudly (s
5、o as / in order) to be heard. 作状语作状语1. 表示目的表示目的: to / in order to / so as to2. 表示原因表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the ne
6、ws.3.3.结果状语结果状语: : so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + adj. + n. +as to do adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do We hurried to the station only to find the train had left. He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.
7、Im too tired to walk any further tonight. 作宾补作宾补I didnt ask you to pay for the meal.They have warned us to be careful of rats.不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to “感觉感觉” feel “听听” hear, listen to “使役动词使役动词”have, make, let “看看” see, look at, observe, watch, notice 但当以上的动词用于被动式，但当以上的动词用于被动式，toto
8、要还原：要还原： 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doing形形 式式主主 动动被被
9、 动动to be doneto have been done1. I asked him to attend the meeting.2. He seems to be reading English poems. 3. He is said to have translated the book into English last year.（to attend the meeting 动作发生在动作发生在ask 后后)（seem 和和read 同时发生同时发生, 强调动作正在进行）强调动作正在进行）（translate the book 发生在发生在be said 之前）之前） The q
10、uestion is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1.主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人使人疲劳的疲劳的) ,interesting, nice , heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式The box is light eno
11、ugh to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2.主语主语+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3.主语主语+be +too +adj. +to do1. Last summer I took a course on_. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dr
12、esses to be made2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing5.I would love _to the party last night but I
13、 had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone6._late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. A . To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D . Having slept4.I find these problems are easy_. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked
14、them out7. Tom kept quiet about the accidentlose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to8. John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing9. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. ea
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