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1、英国概况英国概况Chapter1GeneralIntroductiontoPhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKTheLocationsoftheUKThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKRiversandMountainsClimateandweatherPopulationTheMajorCitiesExercisesandAnswersFocusquestionsWhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?Whatisthetotalpopulationo
2、ftheUnitedKingdom?WheredomostBritishpeoplelive?WhatisthemostdenselypopulatedareaofBritain?Whatistheleastpopulated?WhatarethemajorcitiesinBritain?ThreetermsBritishIslesBritainGreatBritainTwolargeislandsseveralsmallonesTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.England,WalesScotlandThecomplicate
3、dfullnameoftheUKTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandFourparts:EnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIrelandUnionJackUnionJackThemapoftheUKThelocationoftheUKBritainissituatedinwesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverandtheEnglishChannel.Itisaninsularcountry.
4、Itscoastlineruns12,429km,Itisoneof thecountrieswithlongestcoastline.TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.ThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUKVariedlandscapeFlatlandsinEnglandMountainsinScoltlandandWalesEnglandEnglandAflatlandcountry,alsocalledLowlandzonePennines:thebackboneofEng
5、landLakedistrictHighlyurbanized-80%ofpopulationlivingincities-only2%workinginagriculturePhysicallylargestwithlargestpopulationDominancein:size/culture/economy-takeEnglandforUKLakeDistrict ascenicspotascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandApopularholidaydestinationbeingfamousforitslakesanditsmountainsitsassoci
6、ationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryandwritingsofWilliamWordsworthandotherpoets.WilliamWordswortharomanticpoetappointedpoetlaureatein1843LivingintheLakedistrictafter1797（17701850）ScotlandScotlandAmountainouscountrythreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorththecentralLowlandsthesouthernUplandsBenNevis:th
7、ehighestmountainintheUKAcountryofcastlesThehighlandsinScotland：sparselypopulated,withmanymountainrangesdominatingtheregion,andincludingthehighestmountainintheBritishIsles,BenNevisThefilm:BraveHeartBenNevis(1343metershigh)AirthcastleA14thcenturycastle,aspaandaScottishcastleaccommodation,oneofthemostp
8、opularplacesforScottishcastleweddings.Stirlingcastleabout30milesfromGlasgowand40milesfromEdinburghAlonghistory,animportantfortificationandthesiteofmanysiegesandbattles,standingoutforitsimposinglocationandstoriedhistoryWalesWalesuamountainouscountryuinthewestofGreatBritain.utakeinguplessthan9%ofthewh
9、oleisland.NorthernIrelandSmallestamongthefournationsinBritainMostlyrural,lowhills,beautifullakeinthesouth-west,ruggedcoastlineGiantscauseway(巨人之路)(1)The8thNaturalWonderoftheWorld(suburbofBelfast)，SixtymillionyearsagonGiantsCauseway（2）-astretchofbasalticrockpillarsweatheredtodifferentheightsandpresen
10、tingasteppedsurfaceonthenorthcoastofNorthernIreland.37,000columnsformedbycoolinglava.-legend:FinnMaCoolbuiltittocrosstheseatoScotlandGiantscauseway（3）Prodigiousskills(鬼斧神工)ofNature:Climate and WeatherAmaritimetypeofclimate:rainy,changeableandunpredictablerarelyrisingabove32insummerorfallsbelow10inwi
11、nter.mildwintersandcoolsummersPopulationThetotalpopulation:about62000000(2009)Highlyurbanized:80%livingincitiesand20%livinginthecourysideThemostdenselypopulatedarea:EnglandTheleastpopulatedarea:NorthernIrelandAmultiracialsocietywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areofnon-Europeanethnicity.Theoffici
12、allanguage:EnglishMountainsandRiversPennines:Chiefmountainranges:theCambrianstheGrampiainsTheGrampians:thelargestmountianrangeintheUKBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKThelongestriverinEngland:RiverSevern（220miles，354km)NEWSEVERNBRIDGE:thelongestbridgeintheUK,connectingWalesandEnglandAnimportantriver
13、inBritain:RiverThamesthesecondlongestriverintheUnitedKingdomandthelongestriverentirelyinEnglandbestkownforflowingthroughcentralLondonitsstrategicpositionatthecentreofmanyeventsinBritishhistoryamajorleisureareasupportingtourismandpleasureoutingsaswellasthesportsofrowing,sailing.aspecialappealtowriter
14、s,artists,musiciansandfilm-makersandiswellrepresentedintheartsmanyriversideattractions:LondonEye,towerofLondon,HouseofParliament,etc.DescriptionofRiverThamesbyT.S.Eliot(1888-1965)SweetThamesrunsoftly,tillIendmysong.Theriverbearsnoemptybottles,sandwichpapers,Silkhandkerchiefs,cardboardboxescigarettee
15、ndsOrothertestimonyofsummernights.andTheriversweatsOilandtarThebargesdriftWiththeturningtideRedsailsWideToleeward,swingontheheavyspar,ThebargeswashDriftinglogsDownGreenwichreachPasttheIsleofDogsMajorcitiesLondonLiverpoolCardiffBelfastLondon-seatofgovernment-centerofculture-businesscenter-industrialc
16、enter-largestpopulation-hometoallmedia-galleries,theatres,museums-combiningfunctionsofNewYork,Washington&LosAngeles-Oneofthefourleaingcitiesintheworld:NewYork,Paris,TokyoLondonThecapital,thelargestportandthelargestcityinBritainTheCityofLondon+InnerLondon+OuterLondon=GreaterLondonThecommercialcenter:
17、theWestEndThepoliticalcenter:theCityofWebminster(Downingstreet,BuckinghamPalace)Theculturalcenter:LondonUniversity(thebiggest)ThecenterofLaborMovement(Chartism)宪章运动TheOlympicsgamestobeheldherein2012TheLondonEyeaheightof135metres(443ft),thelargestFerriswheelinEuropethemostpopularpaidtouristattraction
18、intheUnitedKingdom,BigBenlthelargestfour-facedchimingclock,lthethird-tallestfree-standingclocktowerintheworld,lItscelebrationofits150thanniversaryinMay2009TowerBridgean iconic symbol of LondonCarriesmotorvehicles,cyclists,pedestriansCrosses ThamesTotal length 244metres(801ft)Opened 30June1894alarge,
19、mainlyGothicchurch,inWestminster,LondonthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteformonarchsofCommonwealthRealmsTrafalgar squareTrafalgar squareasquareincentralLondonatouristattractionWaterloobridgeTube/subwayWaterlooBridgeWaterlooBridgeStarring:VivienLeigh,RobertTaylorDirectedbyMervynLeRoy.Produc
20、edbySidneyFranklinSynopsisBasedontheplaybyPulitzerPrize-winningplaywrightRobertE.Sherwood,WATERLOOBRIDGEstarsVivienLeighasMyra,ashyballerinawhoselifeisirrevocablyalteredinwar-tornLondon.ItsloveatfirstsightwhenMyrameetshandsome,aristocraticBritishofficerRoyCronin(RobertTaylor)inthemidstofanairraid.Th
21、ecouplesoonplanstowed,butCroniniscalledtothefront,andshortlythereafteranewspaperreportshisdeath.Forcedoutofballetschool,aloneanddestitute,Myraturnstoprostitution.Whenshediscoversthatthenewspaperreportwasinaccurate,MyraisunabletotellCroninaboutherprofessionallife,andtragedyensues.This10-handkerchiefw
22、eeperwasdirectedbyMervynLeRoy.JosephRuttenbergsphotographyisbeautiful,asistheinspiredsoundtrackbyHerbertStothart(THEWIZARDOFOZ),butwhatmakesWATERLOOBRIDGEisLeighsstunningperformanceandtheveryrealchemistrybetweenherandRobertTaylor.STPaulsCathedrallanAnglicancathedralltheseatoftheBishopofLondonloneofL
23、ondonsmostfamousandmostrecognisablesightsEdinburghthecapitalcityofScotlandeconomiccenterofScotlandatouristcitysecondonlytoLondoninU.K.aculturalcity，holdinganinternationalfestivalofmusicandtheartseveryyearThenewcityofEdinburghEdiburghcastleThesymbolofEdiburghsituatedonamoundofvolcanicrockoneofScotlan
24、dsoldestcastles,unequalledinthewholeoftheBritishIslesaremarkablefortress,thehistoricalinterestofandformerroyalresidence,visitedannuallybyapproximatelyonemillionpeopleNo visit to Edinburgh is complete without a visit to Edinburgh CastleCastlesinEdiburghLiverpoolThesecondlargestportofEnglandAmetropoli
25、tancityCardiffThecapitalcityofWalesAportBelfastThecapitalofNorthernIrelandAnindudtrialseaportthewheelofBelfastBelfastcityhallExercisesThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomis_and_.TheislandofGreatBritainismadeupof_,_and_.TheUnitedKingdomhasbeenamemberof_since1973.Britainisnowa_societywhichproducesapopulation
26、ofwhich1in20areof_ethnicity.Londonplaysasignificantrolein_economicandculturallife.Itsnotonlythefinancial_ofthenation,butalsooneofthe_majorinternationalfinancialcenters_.ThehighestmountaininBritainis_flowsthrouthcentralLondonanditisaveryimportantriver._isthecapitalofScotland.AnswersTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritaintheNorthernIrelandEngland,Scotland,WalesEuropeanUnionMultiracial,non-EuropeanBritains,center,three,intheworldBenNevisThamesriverEdinburgh
