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1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsUsinglanguage高一人教新课标版必修三高一人教新课标版必修三IsaacNewton16421727英国物理学家英国物理学家Listening and discussingDiscussthesescientists.经典物理学理论体系的建立者。经典物理学理论体系的建立者。1665年创立微分年创立微分;1666年开始研究积分。年开始研究积分。1666年年,开始想到研究重力开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题问题,苹果落地的传说苹果落地的传说,也是在此时发生的轶事。也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思
2、想是在这两年期间其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间(22至至23岁岁)形成的。形成的。1669年年,把自然哲学的数学原理把自然哲学的数学原理,宇宙体系等手稿送到剑桥大学宇宙体系等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。Albert Einstein (18791955)质量质量(m)和能量和能量(E)的相当性的相当性:Emc2爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(TheoryofRelativity)等物理学的三个不同等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出
3、，推动了论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命物理学理论的革命,他对社会进步事业他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。也有重要贡献。霍金霍金bornin1942斯蒂芬斯蒂芬藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇性人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家的理论物理学家,还在于他是在常人无法还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。工作的。blackhole黑洞黑洞 黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系黑洞并非只是吞噬物
4、质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外形成的过程中扮演重要角色外,在经过在经过一段相当漫长的时间后一段相当漫长的时间后,黑洞也会把一些黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。2 Listen to the tape and choose the best summary.nBiscorrectbecauseitgivesaclearideaofwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.nAisnottrue.Thethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnot
5、howitbegan.nCistoogeneralanddoesnotgiveenoughdetailaboutwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullsthingstowardsthemInspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebendsBlackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullt
6、hingstowardsthem3 Listen to the tape and fill in the chart.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingDevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyougoovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmaybeabletoescape.THEORIESOFGRAVITYMichaelJonesoftheNewSpaceMagaz
7、ineistalkingwithspacetravellerLiYanpingaboutchangesinthetheoryofgravity.LY=DrLiYanpingMJ=DrMichaelJonesListeningtextPart1MJ:Hello,DrLiYanping.Itssogoodofyoutotalktome.Somestudentsaskuswhythingsalwaysfallbacktoearthifyouthrowthemupintheair.Couldyouexplainit?LY:Well,atfirstpeoplethoughtitwasbecausethe
8、earthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Ofcoursethatwaswrong.OnedaylsaacNewtonwatchedanapplefalltotheground.Hesaidthatsomethingelsemustbepullingtheapplebacktoearth.Hecalledit“gravity”.MJ:Isee.Didpeopleaccepthisidea?LY:Theydid.Latertheyworkedoutthatbiggerobjects(likethesun)havestrongergravitythansmallerobject
9、s(likeourplanets).Ifyouaretravellingindeepspace,youcouldntfallbacktotheearth.Yourejusttoofaraway.Part2MJ:Doesitmeantheresnogravityinspace?LY:No.Inaspaceshipyouwouldfeelthepullasitgotclosertosuchanobject.Youwouldtravelfasterandfastertowardsit.MJ:Untilyouhitit?LY:Notexactly.Youmaypassitveryfastandthen
10、itwouldthrowyououtintospaceagain.Afterthatyouwouldslowdowntotheusualspeed.MJ:Howdoyouknowthis?LY:In1905Einsteinsaidthatinspacelargeobjectsmakespace-timebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspace-timebends.Sotimegoesslowerinverystronggravity.MJ:Whataboutblackholes?LY:Thatsaplaceinspacewhichhassuchastron
11、gmassthatnothingcanescapefromitsgravity.Thereisakindofedgearoundthismass.Ifyoucrossoverthisedgearoundthismass,itsimpossibleforyoutogetback.However,ifyoudontcrossthisedge,youcanstillescape.StephenHawkinghasdonealotofresearchintoblackholes.Hehasshownthatthey“spit”thingsoutaswellas“eat”them.ReadingAVIS
12、ITTOTHEMOONspacewalk Chinas first astronaut-Yang Liwei1.Thepassageismainlyabout_?A.introductionofthemoonB.thegravitythatIfeltonmywaytothemoonC.myvisittothemoonD.myfriendYanping,anastronomerRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.C2.Accordingtothetext,weknowthattheforceofthegravitywouldcha
13、nge_times.A.2B.3C.4D.53.Whendidtheauthorfeelstrongestofthegravityoftheearth?A.Onthemoon.B.Onthehalfwaytothemoon.C.AttheverybeginningD.OntheirleavingfromthemoonCB4.Whatcausesthewritertofeelthathebecomesweightlessonthemoon?A.SpaceshipB.GravityC.HisfriendD.HisGoodfeelingsofthemoonB5.Fromthetextwecankno
14、wifamangrowsuponthemoon,_.A.hewillgrowtallerthanontheearthB.hewillgrowshorterthanontheearthC.hewillbecomefatterD.hewillbecomeweightlessAReadthepassagecarefullyandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.1.The pull of gravity became very strong 2. as he left the
15、 earths atmosphere. His weight is normal. 2. It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless. 3. It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on earth.ThewaygravitychangedLefttheearthInspaceOnthemoonItbecameverylight.Thegravitybecameverystrong.Thegravitydisappeared. Theweight
16、changedLefttheearthInspaceOnthemoonHebecameveryheavy.Hehadnoweightandcouldfloataroundlikeafeather. Hewasaboutone-sixthofhisweightontheearth.Language points1.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友,一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。
17、一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。enough:1)用作代词用作代词:作主语或宾语。作主语或宾语。Youhavedonemorethanenough.你已做得够多了。你已做得够多了。Ihavehadenough.Thankyou.我吃的已经够多的了我吃的已经够多的了,谢谢。谢谢。2)形容词作定语形容词作定语:enough用在名词前、后都可以。用在名词前、后都可以。Ihaveenoughtimetodothework./Ihavetimeenoughtodothework.我有足够的时间做此项工作。我有足够的时间做此项工作。3)用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度:en
18、ough一般放在形容词或副词的后边。一般放在形容词或副词的后边。longenough,easyenough,fastenough,quicklyenough等等,但一般不说但一般不说:enoughlong,enougheasy,enoughfast,enoughquickly.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这孩子到上学的年龄了。这孩子到上学的年龄了。Hecouldntrunquicklyenoughtocatchupwiththecat.他跑的速度太慢他跑的速度太慢,追不上猫。追不上猫。4)用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。T
19、hemeatisnotcookedenough.肉炖得不够熟。肉炖得不够熟。IfIhad_(足够长的假期足够长的假期),IdvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.alongenoughholiday/anenoughlongholiday2.Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。随后我们就启程了。beoff=setoff出发出发;动身动身Iamofftoday.我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。Weareofftoday.今天我们不上班今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。今天我们不开张。 shutoff关闭关闭getoff下车下
20、车takeoff脱下脱下turnoff关闭关闭payoff付清付清;还清还清与与off相关的短语相关的短语:set.off送行送行kickoff踢球踢球jumpoff跳下跳下giveoff散发散发showoff炫耀炫耀getcloseto靠近靠近,接近接近,指动态变化指动态变化becloseto距距近近,指状态指状态Theschoolisclosetothepostoffice. 3.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingusbutitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearths.当我们更接近月球时当我们
21、更接近月球时,就会感到月球的引力就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是在拉我们。但是,月球的引力不像地球的月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。引力那么大。与与get相关的短语相关的短语:getalong相处融洽相处融洽,进展等进展等getdownto开始认真对待开始认真对待,开始认真考虑开始认真考虑geton上车上车getthrough到达到达;通过通过;办完办完,花光花光(钱、时间等钱、时间等)。getto到达到达getdownto;geton;getthrough;getto;getover;getup1.Donttalktoomuch.Lets_working.2.Hurryup,orwellbe
22、lateto_thebus.3.Itseasyto_thedifficulty.4.Ihave_alotofpapers.5.Shemanagedto_thevillage.getdowntogetongetovergotthroughgetto4.cheerup:欢呼欢呼,喝彩喝彩,感到高兴感到高兴,使高兴使高兴当看到球队的到来当看到球队的到来,人群欢呼起来。人群欢呼起来。_whentheysawtheteamarrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。Hetookher_to_.Thecrowdcheereduptotheconcertcheerherup5.Bu
23、twhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover. 1)“A+be+倍数倍数+as+形容词原级形容词原级+as+B”.Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.2)“A+be+倍数倍数+形容词比较级形容词比较级+than+B”TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。长江差不多比珠江长两倍。Thenumberofstudents
24、inourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanthatintheirs.我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。 3)“A+be+倍数倍数+the+名词名词(size,length,amount)+of+B”Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。Doyouregret_(pay)100dollarsforthepainting?No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid_(两倍那么多了两倍那么多
25、了)forit.payingtwiceasmuch讲解讲解:regret后跟动名词的一般式、完成式后跟动名词的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情和不定式的完成式都表示对过去做过的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示对即将做的事情感到遗憾事情感到遗憾,常用来表达委婉。常用来表达委婉。twiceasmuch为倍数的表达法为倍数的表达法,在这里为省略形式在这里为省略形式,相当于相当于twiceasmuchasthat。 6.“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”既然引力改变了
26、既然引力改变了,走路也的确需要练一练了。走路也的确需要练一练了。 nowthat同同since相似相似,语气较弱语气较弱,强调人们强调人们已知的事实。已知的事实。既然你忙既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。就让我给你做吧。Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitforyou.既然人都齐了既然人都齐了,咱们开始干吧。咱们开始干吧。Nowthateveryoneishereletsstartwork7.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.1)watchdo/doi
27、ng:观看观看,注视注视我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。We_behindthetrees.每一天当他们看到植物生长每一天当他们看到植物生长,他们的心里他们的心里都充满了希望。都充满了希望。Everydayasthey_,theirheartsfilledwithhope.watchedthesunsettingwatched the plant grow2)amazed是过去分词是过去分词,此处做状语用。此处做状语用。他进来的时候没有人注意到。他进来的时候没有人注意到。Hecamein_.3)breakout与与happen,takeplace,comeout等等词的
28、用法一样词的用法一样,是不及物动词是不及物动词,不能带宾语不能带宾语,不能用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态。战争爆发战争爆发TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.美国内战爆发于美国内战爆发于1861年。年。unnoticed发生争吵发生争吵他们之间发生了争吵。他们之间发生了争吵。Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.(火灾火灾)发生发生昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。Afirebrokeoutinhishouselastnight.breakdown打破打破;毁掉毁掉;破除破除;坍塌坍塌;坏掉坏掉breakin破门而入破门而入;打断打断brea
29、kawayfrom脱离政党脱离政党;打破陈规打破陈规breakthrough突围突围;突破突破;冲垮冲垮;克服克服breakup打碎打碎;拆散拆散;分裂分裂;分解分解breakonesword/promise食言食言;说话不算数说话不算数So, life is different on a spaceship. There is little gravity so that things float around. If you planned to travel to the moon, what matters would you meet with?SpeakingandwritingP
30、roblemsHow to cool youHow to breatheHow to eat and drinkHow to protect your skinHow to stop flying off the moons surfaceSpacesuitsSpace FoodSpace Buggy登月车登月车SpaceCameraMake a list of your ideas and take part in a class discussion to find the best ones. Use these words and expressions to help you.Ple
31、asepayattentionto.Pleasecheckthat.Youneed.Dontforgetto.Makesurethat.Watchoutfor.Youdbetter.Youmust/mustnt.Pleaselookat.Sample:S1:LetsthinkaboutwhatwewouldneedtoprotectourskinifwevisitedtheMoon.S2:Idtakesomeskincream.Thatworksverywellwhenwegotothesea.S3:Yes,butitsgoingtobemuchtoohottoputcreamonyoursk
32、inontheMoon.S4:Whatsmoreyougetdirectheatfromthesun.TherearenocloudsontheMoontoprotectyou.S3:Ohdear,andIalsohavetocarryoxygenaroundwithmeeverywherebecausetheresnooxygenontheMoon.S2:Whydontwecarrytheoxygenonourbacksinatank?S1:Goodidea,butwontthathurtourskin?S4:Ithinkitwill.Whydontwewearaspacesuitwhich
33、hasthepossibilityofprotectingyourskinandhelpingyoucarrytheoxygenveryeasily?S1:Averygoodidea.Wealsoneedsomesunglassesasthesunwillbeasbadforoureyesasforourskin.S3:Thatsright.Thehelmetofthesuitcanhavesunglassesyoucanuse.S2:Howwillthesuitprotectourskin?S4:ItssohottheresoIsuggestwedesignsuitthatcansupply
34、coldwatersothewearerfeelscoolandhotwatertowarmusifwefeelcold.S2:Great!SoIwontneedsuncreamafterall.Thatsgood!Brainstorming for writing Whatwillwemeetonthemoon?when wherewhatwho problemssolve(how)Writinganoutline(3m)Outline(mainidea)Thefirstparagraph(introduction)Body(yourownideasontheitem)Conclusion(
35、summingup)headingsumming upSamplearticlethe problempossible solutionsIfIvisitedthemoon,hereisaproblemImighthave:how to stop my food floating away.IwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Inthespaceshipthereisnogravitysothefoodwouldfloataroundifitwassolid.SoIwouldmakesurethatitisspeciallymadea
36、sliquidspacefood.ItcouldbeputinatubeandthenIwouldbeabletoeatitmoreeasily.PerhapsIwoulduseastrawtoeatwith.Itwouldsolvetheproblem.how it would solve the problemHomework1.Afterclass,youshouldlistentothemagainandsumupwhatyouhavelearntfromthem.Thinkaboutonequestion:Whatneedstobeanastronaut?2.Collectpassagesaboutgravity.Prepareforspeaking.
