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1、1英语基础语法复习巩固英语基础语法复习巩固2一、词性的分类一、词性的分类3一、词性的分类词类又叫词性（part of speech ），英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。1 名词 noun n.2 代词 pronoun pron.3 形容词 adjective adj.4 副词 adverb adv. 5 动词 verb v.6 数词 numeral num. 7 冠词 article art.8 介词 preposition prep.9 连词 conjunction conj.10 感叹词 interjection interj.4其他词性缩写? c = 可数名词，counta
2、ble noun 的缩写? u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun 的缩写? pl = 复数，plural 的缩写? vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb 的缩写? vt = 及物动词，transitive verb 的缩写5you 你happy 高兴的three 三quickly 迅速地student 学生cut 砍、割a 一个at 在.and 和oh 哦pron. adj. num. adv. n. v. art. prep. conj. interj. ( 感叹词)Ex. Write down the part of speech of the foll
3、owing words:6十大词类名词-表示人或事物的名称形容词-表示人或事物的特征副词-修饰动词、形容词、或其他副词动词-表示动作或状态代词-代替名词、数词数词-表示数量或顺序冠词-限制名词的意义介词-表示名词、代词和其他词的关系连词-连接词与词或句与句7二、英语句子成分二、英语句子成分8（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1. We often speak English in class.2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3. The rich should help the poor.4. It is nec
4、essary to master a foreign language.1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。9Is your father a lawyer or a doctor ?Has she got a big flat ?Shall we have a swim with your friends ?2. 疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sit down, please.Come in, please.3. 祈使句中主语常省略10Goneare the days when farmers live in the poor houses.No soonerhad she given
5、him a welcome than she went in to prepare him a meal. Only in this way can we solve the problem.There is a clock on the wall.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后There be结构中主语在be动词之后11（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（从句）1. One-third is produced . 2. Runningdoes good to the h
6、ealth.3. When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.4. During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.5. To swimin the river is a great pleasure.6. The richshould help the poor.7. It is necessary to master a foreign language .8. Weoften speak English in c
7、lass.（不定式）（名词化的形容词）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）121. Honest is a fine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies.2. Help others is to help ourselves.3. Do a lot of housework day and night made Catherine become weaker and weaker.4. Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games sh
8、ocked people all over the world.5. In my opinion, visit universities is just a popular culture.单句改错（只有一处错误）。13（二）谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practicesrunning every morning.She takes good care ofher sick mother.2、复合谓语：（1）情态动词+动词原形。He can speakFrench very fluently.She doesn t seem to like dancing.（2）系动词
9、+表语。The film is interesting.He looked a bit excited.146. It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province.7. To get prepared for the Asian Games, Guangzhou built 82 sports courts so far.8. It not only have a lot of high-rise building, but is also famou
10、s for the scenic spots.9. Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?单句改错（只有一处错误）。15（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1. They went to see an exhibitionyesterday.2. Please take themto the waiting room.3. I havethree.4. They helped the oldwith their housework yesterday.5. He pretended not to se
11、e me .6. Mary enjoys playing the piano .7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化形容词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（从句）16（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary , please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）They elected him their monitor .We consider the answer wrong .17（四）表语：（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动
12、词系动词之后。1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut.2. Thats all I want to tell you.3. Three times four is twelve.4. The weather has turned warm.5. The speech is exciting and the students are excited.6. His hobby is playing football.7. My job is to teach English.8. Our teacher isnt in. He is out.9. He is in good h
13、ealth.10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.18系动词：系动词：描述稳定状态：be描述变化或结果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall描述表象或感官效果：look, appear, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel,描述持续状态：keep, stay, remain, 19（五）定语：（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“的”1. He is a clever boy.2. Your hair needs cutting.3. Theres only one way
14、 to do it.4. There is a baby girl.5. We can not use sleeping pills at random.6. The retired worker find life boring.7. Thats the way to do it.8. This is a map of China.9. Can you help me to clean the room above.10. The car thats parked outside is mine. 20状语(副词)的位置：1. She speaks French fluently.2. I
15、usuallyeat breakfast at home.3. You neednt alwayshelp me.4. He is alwayscomplaining.5. The local people are very kind to the visitors.6. The room is big enough to hold 80 people.7. He never studies. Instead, he plays all day.谓语(+宾语)后频度副词位于被修饰动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。被修饰词前(enough 特殊)修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首（六）状语
16、：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子211. How about meeting again at six?2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain .3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care .（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）状语的种类：状语的种类：226. She
17、came in with a dictionary in her hand.7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately .9. She works very hard though she is old .10. I am taller than he is .（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）23（七）补足语：（七）补足语：宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语，使句意完整。1. His father
18、named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Please let him in.4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest.5. I see her entering a supermarket.6. He just had his hair cut. 24划分句子成份划分句子成份1. The machineruns smoothly.2. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.3. They have set upa ne
19、twork of financial advice centre.4. Mr. Chen, the director of Grade 3, is knownfor his humor.5. The man went to the shop with all the moneyhe had.256. He left here at sixin the morningin order to catch the plane.7. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, isvery kind to us.8. To our surprise, hehas changedgrea
20、tly.9. It is nota good idea to drive for four hourswithout a break.10. Shewas the second to enter the reading room.2611. His hairhas turnedgray, and lines have appeared on his face.12. Sheis looking into the box.13. Mr. Wu told us a funny story yesterday.14. He bought me a pen.15. We made him our mo
21、nitor.16. He askedme to help him out of the debt.27三、句子类型三、句子类型按结构分1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句28简单句: 由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。All roadslead to Rome.1、一个主语和一个谓语动词The teacherand the childrenare playing.2、并列主语和一个谓语动词He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.3、一个主语和并列谓语Tom and Mary came a
22、nd gave me a present.4、并列主语和并列谓语29I . 简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词：We work.2、主语+系动词+表语：He is a student.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)30判断下列简单句的类型(1) The problem is hard to solve.(2) The pen writes smoothly.(3) I showed him my old pictures.(4) Barking dogs seldom bite.(5) We enjoy
23、 ourselves this New Years Day this year. (6) Helens face turned red.(7) He admits his mistakes.(8) Mother cooked me a delicious meal.(9) I saw a cat running across the road.(10) New methods make the job easy.31Ex. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 ：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday af
24、ternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room.4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.简单句复合句简单句并列句6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. What he said at the meeting is very important.9. The farmer is showing the boy some flowers.10. Both
25、Tom and Jack enjoy country music.复合句复合句简单句简单句3233“Im a big big girl in a big big worldIts not a big big thing if you leave me.But I do feel that I do will miss you much.”I can see the first leaf falling. Its all yellow and nice.Its so very cold outside like the way Im feeling inside.Outside its now raining and tears are falling from my eyes.why did it have to happen? Why did it all have to end?I have your arms around me wooh like fire.But when I open my eyes, youre gone.
