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1、2Unit 3 Leisure Activity 2021/3/102Objectives of Unit 3To understand Why Harrys Hot in Reading FocusTo understand Europeans and Americans different attitudes towards work and life in Reading MoreTo discuss Chinese peoples attitude towards work and lifeTo translate adverbial clausesTo grasp some impo
2、rtant words and phrases 2021/3/103Task 1Work in groups to interpret and comment on the quotations about leisure on Page 64.Starting outStarting out2021/3/105Why Harrys HotReading FocusReading Focus2021/3/1019J. K. Rowling2021/3/1022J.K. Rowling was born in England on July 30, 1965. The idea for Harr
3、y Potter came to Rowling in 1990 during a ride train from Manchester to London. She saw a little thin boy smiling at her outside the window, with black hair and glasses, who became Harry Potter in the books. 2021/3/1023Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J.K. R
4、owling. Since the 1997 release of the first novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone in the US, the books have gained immense popularity, critical acclaim(赞扬) and commercial success world wide. As of June 2008, the book series has sold more than 400 million copies and has been translated into 67 l
5、anguages, and the last four books have set records as the fastest-selling books in history. Background InformationBackground InformationHarry Potter2021/3/1024So far, the book series includes seven books, including Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone 哈利波特与魔法石, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret
6、s 哈利波特与密室, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 哈利波特与火焰杯, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix 哈利波特与凤凰社, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince 哈利波特与混血王子, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 哈利波特与死亡圣器.2021/3/1025About the textThis is an arg
7、umentative essay, involving the authors personal ideas about why the Harry Potter books make such a huge success.The passage is also a model essay for students to learn how to write an argumentative essay based on a particular phenomenon. It falls into three parts, which is easily recognized in an a
8、rgumentative essay.2021/3/1026It starts with the fact that the Harry Potter books capture the attention of an amazingly large audience, although they are confronted with challenges by some parents and conservative religious leaders. They disapprove of the Harry Potter books because they think these
9、books advocate witchcraft. Then the author make his own comments on the Harry Potter books, including their merits and demerits（优缺点）（优缺点）. Finally, the author arrives at a conclusion that there is every reason to say that Harry Potter possesses all the earmarks (特征特征)of a classic.2021/3/1027Reading
10、FocusReading Focus Global Understanding1Introduction2Authors Comment3Conclusion(Paras. 1-4)(Paras. 5-9)(Para. 10)2021/3/1028Match the main ideaA disadvantage of the first four books is an absence of an interesting villain.Publicatin of the fourth book appeals to a large number of children.Harry Pott
11、er books are challenged by some parents and religious leaders.The way with naming people and things is quirky and original.There is every reason to say that Harry Potter possesses all the features of a classic.Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep intellectualism.Plotlines of the
12、four books are independent of each other, but are brought together in a surprising conclusion.The first four books of Harry Potter turn out to be a success.In contrast to their popularity, few people make comment on these books. Harry Potters books have some good points.Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4Pa
13、ra.5 Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9Para.102021/3/1029IntroductionA. The Harry Potter books appeal to an enormous number of people. (paras.1-3) The first three books have earned a conservatively estimated $480 million in 3 years. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire promises to break all previous booksellin
14、g records. In Britain and North America, thousands of children rushed to claim their copies when Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was on sale.B. Some parents and conservative religious leaders disapprove of the Harry Potter books because they think that these books _.(para.4) Reading of the books
15、 has been challenged in 25 school districts and the books have been banned in schools in Kansas and Colorado.The Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling have achieved huge success in spite of challenges.advocate witchcraftExample 1:Example 2:Example 3:Example:Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandi
16、ng2021/3/1030Authors commentA. The Harry Potter books have much merit (paras.5-8): They are beautifully crafted works of entertainment, the literary counterpart of Steven Spielberg. They amount to much more than just the sum of parts of childrens classic, and they can be read by children and adults
17、with equal pleasure. The language of the books may be unadorned, but the way with naming people and things is quirky and original. Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep intellectualism in them.B. A disadvantage of the Harry Potter books is an absence of _ in the first four books.(
18、para.9) Example 1:Example 2:Example 3:an interesting villainReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingExample 4:2021/3/1031Conclusion Both children and adults enjoy reading the books. The books introduce young readers to a very high standard of entertainment.There is every reason to say that Ha
19、rry Potter possesses _. (para.10)A.B.all the earmarks of a classicReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding2021/3/1032Task 2Work in groups to decide whether the statements are true or false according to the passage. (P 73) Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10FFTTFTFFFFReading FocusReading Focus Detailed I
20、nformation2021/3/1033Critical ThinkingReading Focus2021/3/1034Step One In the text, the author says that “Rowlings novels are probably the best books children have ever encountered that havent been thrust upon them by an adult.” Did you read any books like that during your childhood?What did you thi
21、nk of them?FWork in groups and talk about the favorite books or stories of your childhoods.Reading FocusCritical Thinking2021/3/1035Step TwoDiscuss in groups and work out a list of the features that make a childrens book a classic.Reading FocusCritical Thinking2021/3/10364. But perhaps the most curi
22、ous thing about the Potter phenomenon, especially given that it is all about books, is that almost no one has taken the time to say how good or badthese books are. (Para. 5) “given” means “considering”. e.g. 1) _ (考虑到这样的情况考虑到这样的情况), youve done really well. 2) Usually, I am sensible with money, as I
23、have to be, _ (考虑到我没考虑到我没 有赚那么多钱有赚那么多钱). Given the circumstancesgiven that I dont earn that muchReading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2021/3/10405. Theres no telling which books will survive from one generation to the next. (Para. 5) Paraphrase: It is hard to tell which books will survive from o
24、ne generation to the next. e.g. 很难说今晚谁会出现。很难说今晚谁会出现。 Theres no telling who is going to show up tonight.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2021/3/10418. Time and again, Rowling articulates just how defenseless even the bravest children often feel. (Para. 8) articulate (v.) : 1) express your id
25、eas or feelings in words e.g. Many people are unable to articulate the unhappiness they feel. 2) be related and exist e.g. The new course is designed to articulate with the current degree course. Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2021/3/1044Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- Task 1Choose the senten
26、ce in which the underlined word has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the sentence quoted from the passage. (P.75)ABABBBCAReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1049Task 21) How does our product _ those of our competitors? 2) Mr. Jenkins arguments for stability _ with Eur
27、opes two most powerful politicians.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P76)stack up againststruck a chordstack up againstpull offchop off thrust upon fade awayturn outappeal toamount to keep clear of strike a chord bring togetherpick up
28、on Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/10503) The court decided that the companys actions _ unfair dismissal.4) You could improve the tree by _ some of the upper branches.5) It includes tips on how to write for kids and why certain stories _ different ages.6) He has learned to _ h
29、is superiors moods and act accordingly.amounted tochopping offstack up againstpull offchop off thrust upon fade awayturn outappeal toamount to keep clear of strike a chord bring together pick up on appeal topick up onReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/10517) As it _, he passed th
30、e exam quite easily.8) Sympathy for the rebels, the government claims, is beginning to _.9) We _ researchers from three different universities to work on the project.turned outfade awaystack up againstpull offchop off thrust upon fade awayturn outappeal toamount to keep clear of strike a chord bring
31、 togetherpick up onbrought togetherReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/105210) This is the most delicate deal that weve ever _: we have reason to be proud of ourselves.11) Ive had three of the neighbors children _ me for the afternoon.12) All exits must _ baggage.pulled offthrust
32、onstack up againstpull offchop off thrust upon fade awayturn outappeal toamount to keep clear of strike a chord bring together pick up on be kept clear ofReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1053Task 3Read the excerpt from the Harry Potter books, then fill in the ten blanks. (P77)K
33、ey 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-swirlingdeliveredglowed intervalsconvergewanderingsnavigatejealousypresenceabsorbedReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1054Europeans Just Want to Have FunReading MoreReading More2021/3/1055Reading MoreReading More Global Understanding Detailed Info
34、rmation Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabulary in Action2021/3/1056 The attitude towards leisure in the USParas. 4-5IntroductionReasons for Europeans and Americans different attitudes towards work and leisureParas. 1-3Para. 6ConclusionParas. 7-8Reading MoreGlobal Understanding2021/3/102021/3/1
35、05757Introduction: Europe is enjoying itself. For example:A. _ _ _.B. _.C. _.D. _.E. _ _.In Paris, people were tangoing away, doing the merengue, enjoying picnics, holding an impromptu block party, and dancing to salsa In Berlin, an estimated 500,000 kids attended Love ParadeIn Southern Europe, nume
36、rous families spent their vacations In Madrid or Dublin, people rock to the small hours In Prague, British partygoers desire for the cheap beer and pretty girls Reading MoreGlobal Understanding2021/3/1058The attitude towards leisure in the US:A. In the 1960s, _ _.B. There was a change in Americans a
37、ttitude. a. _ _. b. _ _ _ _. hedonism or the idea of pleasure as a way of life prevailed Americans started to think that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard American conservatives believed that Europeans desire for the pleasures of life and long vacations was evidence of a lack of
38、 seriousness and would eventually end in economic tears Reading MoreGlobal Understanding2021/3/1059Reasons for Europeans and Americans different attotide toward work and leisure:A. _ _ _.B. _ _ _.Firstly, the crowded confines of Western Europe and the expansive space of North America have led to var
39、ied consumer preferencesSecondly, Americans are influenced by the puritanical version of Christianity, sending the message that hard work is good for the soul whereas modern Europeans avoided this lesson Reading MoreGlobal Understanding2021/3/1060Conclusion: The idea of a work-life balance might cat
40、ch on in future in the US. For example, _ _ _. Bill Keller encouraged the staff to do a little savoring of life by spending time with their families or viewing artsReading MoreGlobal Understanding2021/3/1061Task 2 FChoose the best answer to complete the following statements according to the text. (P
41、84) Key:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)CAACBDACReading MoreDetailed Information2021/3/1062Critical ThinkingCritical ThinkingReading MoreReading More2021/3/1063Step One “You can be happy only if you work hard and play hard.” Do you agree or disagree with the statement? FUse examples to justify your answer.Re
42、ading MoreCritical Thinking2021/3/1064Step Two In the text, the author mentions Europeans and Americans different attitudes toward work and life. FWhats Chinese peoples toward work and life?FWhat are the reasons?Reading MoreCritical Thinking2021/3/10651. Walking across Boulevard St. Michel in Paris
43、last week, on the night before Bastille Day, I bumped into an old friendan American who has lived in the city for 25 yearswho told me he was taking up the tango. (Para. 1) bump into: come across; run into; run across; chance on e.g. I bumped into Simon this morning. bump off: kill/ murder (somebody)
44、 unlawfully bump against: hit against e.g. I ran after him, bumping against people in my hurry. Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/1066take up:1) become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it e.g. Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.2) start a new
45、 job or have a new responsibility e.g. Peter will take up the management of the finance department.3) If you take up a suggestion, problem, complaint etc, you start to do something about it. e.g. Now the papers have taken up the story.4) occupy entirely or exclusively e.g. The meeting was taken up w
46、ith old business. Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10672. A drop-dead-gorgeous crowd was tangoing away in a makeshift, open-air amphitheater. (Para. 2) In the phrase “tango away”, “away” is used to emphasize a continuous or repeated action. e.g. 1) Theyve been hammering away all day.
47、2) He would often be working away on his word processor late into the night. Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10683. The weekend I was in Paris, an estimated 500,000 kids descended on Berlin for the annual Love Parade. (Para. 3) descend: 1) If a large number of people descend on a per
48、son or a place, they come to visit or stay. e.g. 数百名球迷突然来到了这座城市。 Hundreds of football fans descended on the city. 2) If darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially suddenly. e.g. An air of gloom descended over the party headquarters.Readi
49、ng More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/1069“descend” can also be used in other contexts. e.g. 1) The hotels are listed in descending order of price. 2) She claims to be descended from Abraham Lincoln. 3) Our plane started to descend.Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10704. European
50、s seem to be throwing themselves into fun and festivity with unprecedented zeal. (Para. 3) Translation:欧洲人仍然能够以极大的热情投入到娱乐和欢庆当中。欧洲人仍然能够以极大的热情投入到娱乐和欢庆当中。 Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10715. Cities that for reasons of politics or religion were once gloomily repressive Madrid, say, or
51、 Dublin now rock to the small hours. (Para. 3) “rock to the small hours” means “dance to rock music till very early in the morning, soon after midnight”. Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10726. American conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe that Europeans desire to devote themselv
52、es to the pleasures of life andthe shame of it! six weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would, in any event, end in economic tears. (Para. 5) Paraphrase: At the same time, American conservatives started to think that Europeans desire to enjoy life and have six weeks vacat
53、ion every year, which was a real shame, reflected that they didnt take things seriously and would result in a gloomy future in economy anyway.Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10737. Why do Europeans and Americans differ so much in their attitude toward work and leisure? (Para. 6) diff
54、er (from ) in e.g. 1) We soon found that prices differed enormously. 2) People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress. Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/10748. Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in thi
55、nk tanks, mulled over by policymakers. (Para. 7) Paraphrase: No matter what the explanation is, Europeans talk about the idea of a work-life balance frequently, experts do research into it, and policy-makers do serious thinking about it.Reading More Reading More Language Point 2021/3/1075Task 1 1) f
56、estival festive festivity A. The hall looks more _ with all that greenery in pots. B. Numerous Umbrian towns hold their own summer _ of music, theatre, and dance. C. They will celebrate it with thanksgiving, with _, with bonfires, and illuminations.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word
57、 from each group. Change the form if necessary. festivefestivalsfestivityReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/10762) precede preceding precedent precedence unprecedented A. Have as much fun as possible at college, but dont let it take _ over work. B. This lowering of standards sets a
58、 dangerous _ for future developments. C. The earthquake was _ by a loud roar that lasted 20 seconds. D. We are seeing unemployment on a(n) _ scale. E. This point has been dealt with in the _ paragraph.precedenceprecedentprecededunprecedentedprecedingReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021
59、/3/10773) descend descent descendant A. He was an OConor and a distant _ of the last High King of Ireland. B. Bob and his girl friend _ on us for the weekend. C. Passengers must fasten their seat belts prior to _.descendantdescendeddescentReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1078 4)
60、justify justification justified justifiable A. Under the circumstances, the principal was _ in expelling this student.B. What can be said in _ of what he had done?C. Ministers must appear before parliament and _ their actions.D. The violence of the revolutionary years was _ on the grounds of politic
61、al necessity.justifiedjustificationjustifyjustifiableReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/10795) confine confinement confines A. They spent most of their time within the _ of the school. B. He visited prisoners at their place of _. C. Well _ our discussion to the main issue. confines
62、confinementconfine 6) repression repressive repressed A. They were fighting against _ and injustice in their country. B. The military regime in power was unpopular and _. C. He had a very _ upbringing in his Victorian family.repressionrepressiverepressedReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action
63、2021/3/1080Task 2 1) Roger _ (一时兴起喜欢一时兴起喜欢上了画画上了画画), but soon lost interest. 2) _ (在花园里转转在花园里转转) hardly qualifies as exercise! 3) It seemed that he was extremely hungry because he _ (狼吞虎咽狼吞虎咽地吃掉了一整个比萨饼地吃掉了一整个比萨饼).Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. T
64、ry to use the expressions you have learned from the text. took painting up for a while A stroll round the gardentucked into the whole pizza quicklyReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1081 4) I _ _ (偶然发现了一种极为简单但准偶然发现了一种极为简单但准确的方法确的方法) for understanding where my money went. 5) It is a
65、 campaign both parties are waging _ (以空前的热情以空前的热情). 6) We believe in _ _ (个人的内在价值个人的内在价值) and strive to provide opportunities to improve the lives of people in our community. 7) The formalists try to turn it into a stylistic game played off to one side of life, _ _ (好像和国际象棋没有什么两样好像和国际象棋没有什么两样). stum
66、bled across/on/upon an extremely simple but very exact methodwith unprecedented zeal the intrinsic value of every person/individual as if it were no different from chessReading MoreReading More Vocabulary in Action 2021/3/1082 8) Well probably come to visit you next week, but _ (不管怎样，我不管怎样，我都会给你打电话都
67、会给你打电话). 9) This long pedestrianized street _ (游人如织游人如织) with many others overlooking you from the fine restaurants and bars above. 10) _ (他正在仔细考量他正在仔细考量这些提议这些提议) before making any changes. in any event well telephone youis packed with touristsHes mulling over the proposalsReading MoreReading More V
68、ocabulary in Action 2021/3/1083Practical TranslationPractical Translation2021/3/1084 状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句包括包括时间时间状语从句、状语从句、地点地点状语从句、状语从句、原因原因状语从状语从句、句、条件条件状语从句、状语从句、让步让步状语从句、状语从句、目的目的状语从句、状语从句、结果结果状状语从句、语从句、方式方式状语从句、状语从句、比较比较状语从句等。状语从句等。状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译: :1. 语序处理语序处理 1) 很多情况下，翻译状语从句时，语序仍可以遵循原文的 语序; 2) 有时候
69、，翻译状语从句时，可将其位置前移; 2. 转换译法转换译法 在有些情况下，按照上下文的需要，在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句，使译文更符合汉语习惯。状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译2021/3/10851. While he spoke, the tears were running down. 他说话时，泪水直流。他说话时，泪水直流。 2. Please turn off the television when you leave the room. 离开房间时请关上电视。离开房间时请关上电视。 在翻译时间状语从句时，遵循了原文的语序。在翻译时间状语从句时，遵循了原文的语序。 翻
70、译时，将时间状语从句位置前移，符合汉语习惯。翻译时，将时间状语从句位置前移，符合汉语习惯。2021/3/10863. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。4. Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light
71、or turn on the radio. 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要，而且现在人们电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要，而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时，就很认为电是想当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时，就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的。少再去想一想电是怎么来的。将将When 引导的时间状语从句转换成条件状语从句。引导的时间状语从句转换成条件状语从句。这里，将结果状语从句这里，将结果状语从句“such that/ so that”转移成原转移成原因状语从句，使语意更加清楚。因状语从句，使语意更加清楚。2021/3/10875. There is
72、never peace where men are greedy. 只要人是贪婪的，就永远不会有和平。只要人是贪婪的，就永远不会有和平。6. Professor Wang cannot stay up late because he is getting on. 王教授年事已高，因此不能熬夜。王教授年事已高，因此不能熬夜。7. While we can not see air, we can feel it. 我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感受到它。我们虽然看不见空气，但却能感受到它。这里，将这里，将where引导的地点状语从句转移成条件状语从句，引导的地点状语从句转移成条件状语从句，语意更明确。
73、语意更明确。这里，将这里，将because引导的原因状语从句译成因果偏正复句中引导的原因状语从句译成因果偏正复句中的主句，更符合汉语习惯。的主句，更符合汉语习惯。while引导的让步状语从句较符合汉语结构，翻译时语引导的让步状语从句较符合汉语结构，翻译时语序和语义无需替换，只是需要加上序和语义无需替换，只是需要加上“但（是）但（是）”与前面与前面的的“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”相呼应。相呼应。2021/3/10888. While the children were doing their homework, their parents were watching TV. 孩子们在做作业，父母在看
74、电视。孩子们在做作业，父母在看电视。 这里，将这里，将while引导的时间状语从句转译成汉语并列的分句，引导的时间状语从句转译成汉语并列的分句，更符合汉语习惯。更符合汉语习惯。2021/3/1089Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. Pay particular attention to the adverbial clauses.Paragraph One Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discou
75、rse, studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the US, the term, when its used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged the staff to
76、do “a little more savoring” of life, spending time with their families or viewing art. 2021/3/1090Translation for Reference:不管如何解释不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的的主主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者政策制定者研究和考虑研究和考虑的主题。在美国，的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时人们使用这个说法时总是带着几总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼馅饼的有闲的有闲人人士才会表现出士才会表现出
77、来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是是会流行起会流行起来的。来的。时任时任纽约时报纽约时报执行主编的比尔执行主编的比尔凯勒曾凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。去欣赏艺术。2021/3/1091Paragraph Two P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, “You do not chop off a section of your imaginative subst
78、ance and make a book specifically for children, for if you are honestyou have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one.” There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowlings books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but
79、her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent.2021/3/1092Translation for Reference: 欢乐满人间欢乐满人间的作者帕梅拉的作者帕梅拉林登林登特拉弗斯概括特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极，得精辟之极，她写到她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它么时候结
80、束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，西。也许她的文风朴实，但是但是她给人和物命名的她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。方式显示了独特的原创才能。2021/3/1093Descriptive Essays (2)Focused WritingFocused Writing2021/3/10941.Describing processes and mechanisms In scientific texts:
81、 FSteps or procedures in a process are best described objectively, using the passive voice. In describing processes:FBe sure to follow a time sequence. FConnectives: first, second, then, next and finally.Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/10952. Describing graphs A. Wor
82、ds or phrases describing a trend. Verbal Phrases/ VerbsNounsrise/ increase/ ascend/ go up/ climb/ grow/ expand; surge/ soar/ shoot up/ rocket/ skyrocket/ jump;be on the rise;be on the increasea(n) rise/ increase/ growth/ boom/ surge/ expansion/ hike upswing/ growthFocused Writing Focused Writing Wri
83、ting SkillWriting Skill2021/3/1096A. Words or phrases describing a trend. Verbal Phrases/ VerbsNounsfall/ decrease/ decline/ drop/ go down/ descend;slump/ dip/ sink/ plunge/ plummet;be on the decline;be on the wane;take a downtrend, etc. a(n) decrease/ fall/ decline/ drop/ slide/ slump/ reduction/ d
84、ownswing, etc. Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/1097A. Words or phrases describing a trend. Verbal Phrases/ VerbsNounslevel off/ out at/stabilize/settle/remain stable/ remain steady at / stay constant at /plateau out/ bottom out ata leveling outFocused Writing Focused
85、 Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/1098A. Words or phrases describing a trend. Verbal Phrases/ VerbsNounsfluctuate around / fluctuate between and ;see a fluctuating pattern; peak and troughs;hit a trough at ;rebound to ; reach a peak at ;hit (or reach) a record high at/ hit an all-time high a
86、t ;fall to/ hit/ reach/ sink to a record low at , etc. a considerable fluctuation/ marked fluctuation/ violent fluctuation / cyclical fluctuation/ periodic cyclical fluctuation/ regular fluctuation, etc. Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/10992. Describing graphs B. Adj
87、ectives and adverbs describing degree: dramatic/ dramatically; sharp/ sharply; huge; enormous/ enormously; steep/ steeply; substantial/ substantially; considerable/ considerably; significant/ significantly; marked/ markedly; remarkable/ remarkably; moderate/ moderately; slight/ slightly; marginal/ m
88、arginally; minimal/ minimally; rapid/ rapidly; swift/ swiftly; steady/ steadily; gradual/ gradually, great/ greatly, etc. Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/101002. Describing graphs C. Words or phrases describing proportions or percentages: account for/ take up/ occupy
89、, etc. per cent; The percentage/ proportion of stands at per cent, etc. e.g. Full-time workers with children under two years old, account for 11% of the workforce. Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SkillWriting Skill2021/3/10101Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SampleWriting SampleDescri
90、bing Mechanism2021/3/10102Focused Writing Focused Writing Writing SampleWriting SampleDescribing Graphs2021/3/10103Final Project2021/3/10104Final ProjectPlan A Long Weekend Trip1.Form groups of four as a family, including grandparents, parents, and children. Suppose your family intends to have a a t
91、hree-day weekend trip somewhere together and you are holding a family meeting to discuss about your plan. Report your plan to the rest of the class, which should include: destination transportation accommodation activities total budget2021/3/10105Plan A Long Weekend TripWords and Expressions you may use: SUV, drive, camping, national park, barbecue, sleeping bags, swimming, jogging, walking, hiking, mountain cycling, canoeing, fishingFinal Project2021/3/10106Thank You!2021/3/10107
