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1、Nathaniel HawthornelifeHawthorne studied at Bowdoin college in Maine(18211825) Pot Longfellow and Franklin pierceLiterary CareerFanshawe failureThe Token 1830Seven tales of my native land burnttwice-told tales(first collection of short stories) little moneyHawthorne did three thing: first, as a surv
2、eyor second, Grandfathers Chair ; Famous Old People; the Liberty Tree third, he invested his savings at Brook Farm Mosses form an old manse(second collection of short stories)The scarlet letter(most famous novel) First American romancerSignificanceHawthorne was imbued with an inquiring imagination,
3、an intensely meditative, and an unceasing interest in the ambiguity of mans being.At his best, Hawthorne was a master of psychological insight.Hawthornes novels were perhaps the deepest and most psychological in the 19 century.Three aspectsShowed great concern about the American pastHis themes:Brief
4、 introduction of The Scarlet Letter a love tragedy taking place in North American colonial period. H- Hester Prynne 海斯特白海斯特白兰C- Roger Chillingworth罗杰奇杰奇林渥斯林渥斯 D-Dimmesdale 代代尔Heroine H married to C, who was old and ugly and devoted his whole life to studying. There was no love between the couple. Bu
5、t H and minister D loved each other. And H gave birth to a daughter called Pearl. According to Puritanism, they committed adultery. H was punished in public and had to wear the scarlet letter-A standing for adultery in her life as a lifelong sign of her sin. But she had a strong will and refused to
6、say who the childs father was. Hs long separated husband C came back from Britain and discovered her relationship with minister D. Also he knew what had happened with the scaffold, so he decided to find the childs father to revenge. He disguised as a doctor. D suffered from his beliefs and conscienc
7、e in long time and became thin and pallid. People asked D and C to live together to treat his illness. Living together provided the opportunity for C to revenge. So C tormented the poor minister unceasingly in vicious and clever method. At last, D cant endure Cs humiliation and inner torment any lon
8、ger, he committed his sin in public and died in Hs arms. H sustains all humiliation and proved to be a strong-minded and capable woman. As she is ready to offer help and advice to other women in trouble, she was loved and respected by people in the town. She continued her life of penance and became
9、a model of endurance, goodness, courage, and victory over sin.The heroine-Hester Prynne from her horrendous trials, she gains strength, courage, and her lost love. Shes the embodiment of deep contradictions: bad and beautiful, holy and sinful, conventional and radical. Shes also a mirror, revealing
10、the rue feelings of the reader about the role of women in society. All the contradictions of Hester make her an enduring heroine of American literature. She is flawed, complex, and above all fertile.Hawthorne is significant for his styleA.Hawthorne wrote romance because he thought B.it the predestin
11、ed form of American narrative. C.(he presented material on the alienation between fact and fancy. D.He wanted to reveal reality and satirize it but not to offend the E.puritan conventions.)B. Hawthorne used symbols and setting to reveal the psychology of characters. ( take symbols for example: A sym
12、bol is, like a metaphor, something that stands for, or represents, something else: an object, a person, even an idea. The Scarlet Letter is rich with symbols; in fact, it is largely regarded as the first symbolic novel in America.)C. He wrote stories with narrative interest, case in transition, cohe
13、rence, and complexity.D. His style is soft, flowing, and almost feminine. (his touch is light, but his observation is somber)E. He used ambiguity to keep the reader in a word of uncertainty.( Hawthorne renders this beautiful passage to remind the reader, seemingly at every turn, that meaning, or tru
14、th, will be profoundly difficult to uncover)Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692The map of Salem (塞勒姆塞勒姆): Salem was settled in 1629,MassachusettsIn 1688Goody Glover : a laundress Martha Goodwin: a 13-year-old girlStrange behaviorbrother and two sistersGoody Glover was arrested and accused of bewitching t
15、he children. Reverend Cotton Mather Glover was hangedmet twice with Glover after her arrestto persuade her to repent her witchcraftIn 1692January 20Abigail Williams(11) Elizabeth Parris (9)Strange behaviorOther girls in SalemMid-February, 1692: Doctor Griggs, who attended to the “afflicted girls, su
16、ggested that witchcraft was the cause of their strange behavior. trialsProcedure Used In The Salem Witchcraft Trials1. The afflicted person makes a complaint to the Magistrate about a suspected witch. The complaint is sometimes made through a third person. 2.The Magistrate issues a warrant for the a
17、rrest of the accused person. 3. The accused person is taken into custody and examined by two or more Magistrates. If, after listening to testimony, the Magistrate believes that the accused person is probably guilty, the accused is sent to jail for possible reexamination and to await trial. 4. The ca
18、se is presented to the Grand Jury. Depositions relating to the guilt or innocence of the accused are entered into evidence. 5. If the accused is indicted by the Grand Jury, he or she is tried before the Court of Oyer and Terminer. A jury, instructed by the Court, decides the defendants guilt. 6. The
19、 convicted defendant receives his or her sentence from the Court. In each case at Salem, the convicted defendant was sentenced to be hanged on a specified date. 7. The Sheriff and his deputies carry out the sentence of death on the specified date. The Dead June 10 :Bridget Bishop July 19 :Rebecca Nu
20、rse Sarah Good Susannah Martin Elizabeth Howe Sarah Wildes August 19 George Burroughs Martha Carrier John Willard George Jacobs, Sr. John Proctor September 22 Martha Corey Mary Eastey Ann Pudeator Alice Parker Mary Parker Wilmott Redd Margaret Scott Samuel Wardwell Nineteen accused witches were hanged on Gallows Hill in 1692:
