《外研必修3Module3M3P4Grammar课堂PPT》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外研必修3Module3M3P4Grammar课堂PPT（64页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、P4GrammarTheViolenceofNatureM31Objectives1.Tolearnthe past perfect passive2.Tolearnindirect speech2Grammar131.Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2700hadbeeninjured.2.2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas!3.Bytheendoflastmonth,theworkhadbeenfinished.44.Theboywasremi
2、ndedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.5.Theworkwasdoneearlierthanithadbeenplanned.6.Assoonastheirhomeworkhadbeenassigned,theystartedtodoit.7.Theyleftafterthedoorhadbeenlocked.51.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people_and2700_.2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhe_inTexas.3.Bytheendoflastmonth,th
3、ework_.4.Theboywasremindedthathishomework_.hadbeenkilledhadbeenburiedhadbeenfinishedhadnotbeenhandedinhadbeeninjuredgoReady?65.Theworkwasdoneearlierthanit_.6.Assoonastheirhomework_,theystartedtodoit.7.Theyleftafterthedoor_.hadbeenplannedhadbeenassignedhadbeenlocked71.他到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。他到学校的时候，第一节课已经
4、上完了。Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiod_.2.老师进来之前教室已经打扫干净了。老师进来之前教室已经打扫干净了。Theclassroom_beforetheteachercame.3.这个建筑我六岁就建好了。这个建筑我六岁就建好了。Thebuilding_whenIwas6.hadbeenfinishedhadbeencleanedPracticehadbeenbuilt84.截止飓风结束多少房子被毁了？截止飓风结束多少房子被毁了？Howmanybuildings_whenthehurricaneended?5.会前已经讨论了新计划吗？会前已经讨
5、论了新计划吗？_thenewplan_beforethemeeting?6.他们说生产成本已经降低。他们说生产成本已经降低。Theysaidtheproductioncosts_.hadbeendestroyedHadbeendiscussedhadbeenreduced9nowpastfuture过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去过去的过去的过去”。过去完成时过去完成时10过去完成时态构成：过去完成时态构成：肯定式：肯定式：haddone否定式：否定式：
6、hadntdone疑问式：疑问式：Had+主主+done?简略回答：简略回答：Yes,主主+had.No,主主+hadnt.缩写形式：缩写形式：Id,hed,wed,theyd.11过去完成时常用句型：过去完成时常用句型：主语过去完成时主语过去完成时when引导的从句引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式）（从句谓语动词为过去式）Tomwassurprisedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.主语过去完成时主语过去完成时by短语短语Wehadlearnedfourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.1
7、2主语过去完成时主语过去完成时bythetime引导引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式）的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式）Hehadalreadybuilthisownlabbythetimehewasten.主语主语+过去完成时过去完成时+before引导的从句引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式）（从句谓语动词为过去式）HehadstudiedEnglishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.13Itwas+时间时间+since+主语主语+过去完成时过去完成时(从句谓语动词是从句谓语动词是非延续性非延续性动词，表示动词，表示动作动作持续持续多长时间了；动词是多长时间了；动词是延
8、续性动词延续性动词或或状状态动词态动词，表示，表示动作已结束动作已结束多长时间了。多长时间了。)ItwastenyearssincetheWhiteshadlivedinthevillageHardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad主语主语过去分词过去分词when/than/before一般过一般过去时。去时。Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.14过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：(1)肯定结构：肯定结构：主语主语hadbeendone其他成分其他成分(2)
9、否定结构：否定结构：主语主语hadnotbeendone其他成分其他成分(3)疑问句结构：疑问句结构：had主语主语beendone其他成分其他成分疑问词疑问词had主语主语beendone其他其他成分成分15过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiodhadbeenfinished.Theclassroomhadntbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?
10、(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。等引导的时间状语连用。16(2)在在told,said,knew,heard,thought等等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。一被动动作时，用过去完成时。Theysaidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.Themediareportedmorethan1,000peopleh
11、adbeenkilledintheearthquake.17(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。被动语态，用过去完成时。Astheassignmenthadbeendone,hewentontosearchtheInternet.Hedidwhathehadbeentoldto.181.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_andalotofthings_.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.h
12、adbeenbrokeninto;stolen6.Itwasthethirdtimethatheofthechangesofthemeeting.A.hadinformedB.hadbeeninformedC.hasinformedD.hasbeeninformed193.Hecollectedinformationon1,000people,whoseIQwhentheyweretenyearsold.A.istestedB.hadbeentestedC.wouldtestD.hastested4.Theninecoalminers_inthecoalminefor20hoursbefore
13、wecametotheirrescueinYanshanCounty,JiangxiProvince.A.hadtrappedB.hadbeentrappingC.wouldhavebeentrappedD.hadbeentrapped20Grammar2211.Hesaidthathewasstillworkingbecausetherewasalottodo.2.Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelivedthereandsixthousandhadleft.3.Heaskedifthismeantthatthedangerwasover.4.Hesaidthat
14、theycouldntgobacktotheirhouses.225.Thereporteraskedwhenpeoplewouldbeabletoreturnhome.6.MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatnovel.7.Hesaidthathalftheresidentshadlefttheislandtheweekbefore.8.Hetoldmenottobelatethenextday.231.Hesaidthathe_stillworkingbecausethere_alottodo.2.Hesaidthateleventhousand
15、people_thereandsixthousand_.3.Heasked_thismeantthatthedanger_over.4.Hesaidthatthey_gobacktotheirhouses.waswaslivedhadleftifwascouldntgoReady?245.Thereporteraskedwhenpeople_abletoreturnhome.6.MyfatheraskedmeifI_readingthatnovel.7.Hesaidthathalftheresidents_theislandtheweekbefore.8.Hetoldme_latethenex
16、tday.wouldbehadfinishedhadleftnottobe251.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookedtodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday单选单选262.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalk
17、ingthenD.theywalkingnow273.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek284.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorro
18、wD.hewouldthenextday295.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat306.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardaweekbeforeC.whathehadheardaweekagoD.ifhehea
19、rdaweekago317.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime328.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour339.Blacka
20、skedme,“Whyhaventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere3410.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise35DifferencesdirectspeechindirectspeechToreport
21、whatexactlyhasbeensaidThewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarksToreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwordsNoquotationmarksWhatrethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?36引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来，引号引号“”间接引
22、语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_。宾语从句宾语从句37Howtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech?a.Changewhathasbeensaidtoanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.38a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phras
23、eTheteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Theofficialsaid,“Getreadybeforelunch.”Theofficialorderedustogetreadybeforelunch.39Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“Iveleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.b. Chang
24、e personal pronouns:Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.40DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechDirectSpeechIndirectSpeechSimplePresentTenseSimpleFutureTensePresentContinuousTensePastPerfectTenseSimplePastTensePresentPerfectCon-tinuousPresentPerfectTensePastContinuousTensePastPerfectTensePas
25、tPerfectTensePastFutureTensePastPerfectTensePastPerfectCon-tinuousSimplePastTensec. The changes of the tenses41“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.“Is
26、awherlastMonday,”hesaid.HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday. 42Hesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.d. Change adverbials of time and place43DirectspeechIndirec
27、tspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweek theweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.lastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.44DirectspeechIndirectspee
28、chthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee. Other cases45Shesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted that.MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.46由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为
29、间接引语, 下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.2.经常的习惯经常的习惯Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.473.历史事件历史事件Theteachers
30、aid,“WorldWarIIendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：等：Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.481.转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Hesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”
31、Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句49解题步骤解题步骤: :1.陈述句陈述句: :“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.tolddidntsheSarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.50Tomsaid(that)therew
32、asntanytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.Tomsaid,“ThereisntanytroubleandImwaitingformychange(零钱零钱).”注意注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时列时,仅能省略第一个仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能其余的不能省略。省略。512.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.i
33、tiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.523.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhim whenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.harvested53根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为根据句型及句意将下列直接
34、引语变为间接引语，每空一词。间接引语，每空一词。1.Alicesaid,“Ivejustgotaletterfrommyfather.”Alicesaidthat_justgotaletterfrom_father.2.JaneaskedDick,“Haveyoufinishedwritingthereport?”JaneaskedDick_writingthereport.shehadherwhether/ifhehadfinished543.“Dontgrowplantsinthesameplaceyearafteryear,”thefarmersaid.Thefarmer_me_plan
35、tsinthesameplaceyearafteryear.4.Mr.Smithsaidtothegirl,“IwillcomeheretoseeyounextSunday.”Mr.Smith_thegirlthat_theretosee_Sunday.toldnottogrowtoldhewouldgoherthefollowing551.复习过去完成时的被动语态复习过去完成时的被动语态2.复习间接引语复习间接引语56注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接Individual activity571.Attheendofthemeeting,itwas2.annou
36、ncedthatanagreement_.3.(2007江苏江苏)A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached2.Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit_seriously.(2007上海春上海春)A.damagedB.wasbeingdamagedC.haddamagedD.hadbeendamaged583.Experimentsofthiskind_inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.(2011北京北京)A
37、.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted591.Hetoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.He_me,“Afriendinneed_afriendindeed.”2.Sheaskedthestudentstotidythelab.“_thelab,”she_tothestudents.3.Hesaidthathelikedthefilmverymuch.Hesaid,“_thefilmverymuch.”根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直根据句型及句意将下列间接引语
38、变为直接引语，每空一词。接引语，每空一词。saidtoisTidysaidIlike604.Shesaidthatshehadreceivedalettertwodaysbefore.Shesaid,“_aletter_.”5.HeaskedmewhetherIlikedblackteaorgreentea.Heaskedme,“_blackteaorgreentea?”ItwodaysagoDoyoulike received61阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于不多于3个单词个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。或括号内单词的正确形式。Mywholevi
39、ewabouttheworldchangedinatsunami.OnDec25,Iarrivedatthehotelontheseaside_mywifeandtwodaughters,_were2and4.Itwasdarkoutside,butyoucouldstillsensehowbeautifuland_(peace)theislandwas.Thenextmorning,at7:50,Ifelttheearthshake.Iknewitwas_earthquake,becauseIdalreadybeeninseveralinChinaandAmerica.Ididntreall
40、ythinkmuchaboutit.Ataround10:10,wewenttothebeach.Suddenly,Isawthewatercomeandit_(rise)veryfast.Runningtowardthehotel,peoplewerestilllaughing.ButIfeltsomethingwrong.withanrosepeacefulwho62Ipickedupmy4-year-olddaughter,Jenny,whilemywifetookJana.Andthenweturnedtowardthehotelasfast_possible.Justinafewse
41、conds,thewaterwasupundermynose.IputJenny_myshoulderandwastryingtoholdonmywifeshand.Thewaterwassostrong_itpushedherandJanaawayfromme.Luckily,fourguysswamtowardmywifeandJanaandsaved_.Whenthewavewasgone,therewasnothing_(leave).Inthisdisaster,IalmostlostmychildrenandthenIdecidedtodosomethingmeaningful.asthatthemlefton63HomeworkDotheexercisesofGrammar1&2onPages24and26.64
