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1、大学英语四六级讲座大学英语四六级讲座试卷结试卷结构构测试内容测试内容测试题型测试题型分值比分值比例例考试时考试时间间写作写作短文写作15%30分钟听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择8%30分钟长对话多项选择7%听力短文短文理解多项选择10%短文听写单词及词组听写10%阅读理解词汇理解选词填空5%40分钟长篇阅读匹配10%仔细阅读多项选择20%翻译汉译英段落翻译15%30分钟总计100%130分钟状况1.题型不熟悉2.技巧没掌握3.练习不标准4.复习没定性评分原则先归档，再定分；一档次，差几分先归档，再定分；一档次，差几分2分，条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多分，条理不清，
2、思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。数为严重错误。5分，基本分，基本切题切题，思想表达不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重的语言错误。，思想表达不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重的语言错误。8分，基本分，基本切题切题，有些地方思想表达不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误，有些地方思想表达不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些严重的错误。相当多，其中有一些严重的错误。11分，分，切题切题，思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但又少量语言错误。，思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但又少量语言错误。14，切题，切题，思想表达清楚，思想表达清楚，文字通顺，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，连贯性较
3、好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。仅有个别小错。字数不足应酌情扣分字数字数110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-59少于少于49扣分12345679漂漂亮亮像模像样马马虎虎稀里糊涂一塌糊涂内容内容结构结构语言语言内容扣题不要在构思上妄图出奇制胜结构完整先写主题句，在写分论点，最后再写总结句。语言卓越大量背诵优秀文章进行借鉴和模仿来提高语言水平。Ithink。IalsothinkIalsoalsothink.Doyouthinkso?TCLIassert/argue/assume/grasp/hold/consider/believe/insist/pond
4、er/deem/reckon/suppose/maintain/Inmyeyes/Tomypoint/AsformeFrommypointofview,frommypart,IholdtheviewthatIamoftheopinionthatIclingtotheideathatAsfarasIamconcerned,11年四六级作文题NothingSucceedsWithoutStrongWillTheWaytoSuccessSuccessisveryimportant.OnachievingSuccessWecannottraveleverypath.Successmustbewonal
5、ongoneline.人不可能经历每一条道路，必须选择一条道路走下去并最终获得成功。Ifwedonotworkwithoutmight,otherswill;andtheywilloutstripusintherace,andplucktheprizefromourgrasp.如果我们不能全力以赴，别人就会赶超我们，并且从我们手中夺去胜利的果实。四六级作文考题特点写作主要是要求学生在30分钟之内写出一篇短文，四级不少于120字，六级不少于150字，出题形式一般为给出题目、要求看图作文、根据所给文章（英语或汉语）写成摘要或大意、或给出关键词或提纲要求写出短文等等。出题范围1.读书学习类2.校园生
6、活类3.社会热点类4.日常生活类主题、题目主题、题目题材题材体裁体裁出题方式出题方式DueAttentionShouldBeGivetoSpelling读书学习读书学习说明文说明文提纲式提纲式CreateaGreenCampus校园生活校园生活说明文说明文提纲式提纲式FreeAdmissiontoMuseums社会热点社会热点说明文说明文提纲式提纲式LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags社会热点社会热点说明文说明文提纲式提纲式RecreationalActivities社会热点社会热点议论文议论文提纲式提纲式WhatElectivestoChoose读书学习
7、读书学习说明文说明文提纲式提纲式WelcometoOurClub校园生活校园生活应用文应用文情景式情景式OntheSpringFestivalGala社会热点社会热点议论文议论文提纲式提纲式OnStudentsSelectingLectures读书学习读书学习说明文说明文提纲式提纲式APosterRecruitingVolunteers校园生活校园生活应用文应用文情景式情景式StudentUseofComputer读书学习读书学习议论文议论文提纲图表式提纲图表式写作高分要素一、结构清晰连贯性，内容的详略安排二、句式多变长短结合，主被动结合，倒装句，强调句，比较句式等三、要有亮点设计一个让评卷老
8、师眼前一亮的亮点，使用地道的词句，语用恰当的修辞，格言，开头结尾突破常规等。Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck？Somepeoplesaythatsomenumberswillbringthemgoodluck.Take“8”forexample.TheChinesepronunciationofthenumber“8”hasalmostthesamesoundasthatoftheChinesecharacter“发”,whichmeansmakingafortune.Therefore,manypeoplesparenomoneytogettheirte
9、lephonenumberorcarnumbertoincludethisnumber“8”.Theybelievewithoutanydoubtthatthenumberwillbringthemgoodluck.However,Idontbelievethatnumbershaveanyconnectionwithgoodluck.Astome,suckkindofideaisonlyasuperstitiousbelief.Howcanyoueverhaveanygoodlucksimplybecauseofsomeluckynumbers,evenifyoudontworkhard,a
10、nddonthavegoodopportunities?Perhapsitholdstrueforsomecases,butoftenitdoesnot.Ourfortuneisinourownhands.Everyonecanhavegoodfortuneonlyifhetrieshisbest.Letsalwaysremember“opportunitiesareonlyforthepreparedmind”and“Nopains,nogains.”写作策略写作策略首段的写作策略正文的写作策略结尾的写作策略首段的写作策略首段的写作策略故事法谚语法提问法引用法对立法故事法Lastevenin
11、g,iwenttovisitoneofmyfriendsandwasalittlesurprisedtofindhisten-year-olddaughterhavinganearlydinneralone.Whydidntshehavesupperwithherfamily?sheisgoingtohaveclassintheeveningschool,explainedherfather.Thecaseisnotrare.Myfriendsdaughterisjustoneofthousandsofschoolchildrenaroundthecitywhoarelearningforei
12、gnlanguagesineveningschools.谚语法Asthesayinggoes，“Hastemakeswaste.Wearenowlivinginanageofrapidpaceandhighefficiency.Everyonewantstogetthequickestresultwithintheshortesttime.Butiftoomuchemphasisislaiduponspeed,peoplewillignorethequalityofwhattheyaredoingandthsuyieldunsatisfyingresults.提问法Howdowethinkof
13、theheavyburdenastudenthastocarryfromkidergartenthroughgraduateschool?Howdowemeasuresuccessineducation?Howdoeseducationaffectnotonlylaborskillsbutthequalitylife?Inseekinganswerstosuchquestions,thereismuchroom-indeedneccessity-forconsiderationandrobustdebate.引用法Educationisnotcompletewithgraduation.Suc
14、histheopinionofMortimer.J.Alder,agreatphilosoper.Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharehisopinion.Nocollegeoruniversitycaneducateitsstudentsbythetimetheygraduate;andnooneshouldbecontenttosimplyendhiseducationwithhighschoolorcollegeeducation.Educationisalifetimestudy.对立法Whenaskedwhatkindofcareertheywillpursueupon
15、graduation，mostofthecollegestudentssaythattheywouldchooseajobwhichwillbringthemalotofmoneyandacomfortablelife.Workinginabigbankorcompanyiswhattheydesire.ButIthinkquitedifferently.Iwouldpreferacareerwhichwillhelprealizemypotential.正文写作策略正文写作策略主题句和扩展句段落列举法（listing）举例法（example）叙述法（narration）对比、比较（contr
16、ast&comparison）分类（classification）因果（cause&effect）主题句通常放在段落开头。AprilisthemonththatIlikebest.Itisthemonththatstirsthesense.THeweatherinAprilisneithertoohotnortoocold.Thetreesaregreenagainandthereareflowerseverywhere.ThebudsofMarchareinfullblossomnowandtheirfragrancefillstheair.THebirdsarebackfromtheSou
17、thandsinghappilyallday.Everyonefeelsasenseofrenewal.Peoplecantakeoffftheirheavycoatsandputontheirlightjackets.Children,whohavebeenkeptindoorsallwinter,areplayingoutdoorsnow.isitanywoderthatAprilismyfavoritemonth?扩展句用来支持或说明主题。确立主题后，扩展句用来支持或说明主题。确立主题后，用说明、描写、论证和阐述支持主导思想。用说明、描写、论证和阐述支持主导思想。ThomasJeffer
18、sonwasamanofmanytalents.Hepracticescroprotationandsoilconservationacenturybeforethesebecamestandardpractice,andheinventedaplowsuperiortoanyotherinexistence.HeinfluencedarchitecturethroughoutAmericawithhisself-designedhouse.Andaboveallhewastheauthorofthe Declaration of Independence.列举法列举法常用于列举法的过渡连接词
19、有：foronething,foranother,finally,besides,moreover,oneanother,stillanother,first,second,also,whatsmore,inaddition,besides,plus等。举例法举例法Forexample(instance),oneexampleis,athinginpointis叙述法叙述法按照事物发生的时间和空间的排列顺序，通过对一些有特有过渡连接词的使用，有层次的表达主题句。First，atthebeginning,tostartwith,afterthat,later,then,afterwards,in
20、theend,finally等。对比、比较对比、比较Asas,comparedwith,than分类Divideinto,groupinto,classifyinto,categorize,sort,fallinto,consistof,becomposedof,comprise,include,beoftypes/kinds.Class,kind,type,part,sort,category,group，division，aspect，respect，species，variety，family因果因果原因：because，since，as，for，becauseof，inthat，inv
21、iewof，onaccountof，dueto，owingto，thanksto，resultfrom，seeingthat，nowthat结果：asaresult，resultin，theresultis，itfollowsthat，so。that。，inconsequenceof，therefore，leadto结尾段写作策略结尾段写作策略重述或总结主题得出结论引用名人名言使用反问句提出展望或期望重述或总结主题重述或总结主题InfluenceonYouthAdultTheprocessofgrowingupisverycomplexforeveryperson.Amongcountless
22、factorswhichinfluenceapersonsgrowth,therearetwoconspicuousaspects:thefamilyandthefriends.Familiesofferuswarmthandcare.Friendsgiveusstrengthandhorizon.Theyhelpusunderstandtheworldasitis.Bothofthemarethedearestpartsinourlife.得出结论得出结论Inconclusion，agoodteacher-studentrelationshipcanbemutualbeneficial.Th
23、estudentsgainknowledgeeagerlyandenjoyably,andtheteachergainssatisfactionfromhisjob.引用名人名言引用名人名言Ifyouhaveanythingtodo,trytodoityourself,forthatisthesafestwaytoachievepermanentsuccess.Rememberthefamoussaying:“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.”使用反问句使用反问句Therefore,listeningskillsmustbeconsciouslyimproved.
24、Sinceitissuchanimportantmeansoflearningandcommunication,whyshouldntwedevelopthisabilityasfaraspossible?提出展望或期望提出展望或期望IamsurethatChinesewillbecomeoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworldinthenextcentury.AsChinawillopenfurthertotheoutsideworld,thelanguageissuretobespreadworldwidely.写作原则长短句原则一二三原则短语优先原
25、则多实少虚原则句式多变原则主题句原则挑战极限原则大学四六级写作最经典的替换词大学四六级写作最经典的替换词individuals,characters,folks替换(people,persons)Eg.astrange-lookingindividualinagreenjacketpositive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换gooddreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad；如果bad做表语，可
26、以有belessimpressive替换eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many.注：用
27、many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat.同理用most,ifnotall,替换most.asliceof,quietafew,several替换someEveryonewantedasliceoftheprofits.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)aff
28、air,business,matter替换thingHehandlesthemailandallthatbusiness.reaphugefruits替换get(reap)manybenefitsWecanreaphugefruitsthroughlearningaforeignlanguagenotsimplybecausebutbecauseformypart,frommyownperspective替换inmyopinionincreasing(ly),growing替换moreandmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修
29、饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.beneficial,rewarding替换helpfulEnglishlearningisdifficultyetrewarding.exceedingly,extremely,intensely(immensely,tremendously,horribly)替换veryIdliketosaythanyou.Youvebeenexceedinglykind.sthappealstosb,s
30、thexertsatremendousfascinationonsb替换sbtakeinterestin/sb.beinterestedinThemagazineisintendedtoappealtoworkingwomenintheir20s.Doestheideaofworkingabroadexertatremendousfascinationonyou?giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换causeThesongtriggeredmanyhappymemories.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换.reasonsf
31、orsthDesireIdliketodo替换want.Annahasagreatdesiretotravelaroundtheworldwithherfamily.Theydidnotshowtheslightestdesiretoaccompanyus.pour(no,little,much,undivided,allthe,special,full)attentioninto替换payattentiontobearinmindthat替换rememberenjoy,possess替换have(注意process是过程的意思)Theseworkersenjoyahighlevelofjob
32、security.frownonsthbeagainst,disapproveof替换disagreewithsthEventhoughdivorceislegalitisstillfrownedupon.tonameonlyafew,asanexample替换forexample,forinstanceGina,David,andBenny,tonamebutafew,becamefamouswhentheprincessworetheirdeigns.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible大学英语四六级考试写作多种表达大学英
33、语四六级考试写作多种表达方法方法运用同义词语。如：“他上星期生病了”可译为：Hegotilllastweek.Hewasilllastweek.Hefellilllastweek.Hebecameilllastweek.Hewasinbadhealthlastweek.运用同一词语的不同句式结构.如：“他写那篇文章花了三个星期”可译为：(1)Ittookhimthreeweekstowritethearticle.(2)Hetookthreeweekstowritethearticle.(3)Thearticletookhimthreeweeks.(4)Towritethearticletoo
34、khimthreeweeks.(5)Ittookthreeweeksforhimtowritethearticle.(6)Writingthearticletookhimthreeweeks.运用简单句与复合句的相互转换理论。如：Themanstandingthereisapoliceman.Themanwhoisstandingthereisapoliceman.Whatweshoulddonextisunknown.Whattodonextisunknown.Wearethinkingofhowwecanfinishtheworkintime.Wearethinkingofhowtofin
35、ishtheworkintime.综合运用同义词语与不同句式。如：“他做完练习后，便出去了”可译为：(1)Afterhehadfinishedtheexercises,hewentout.(2)Afterhefinishedtheexercises,hewentout.(3)Havingfinishedtheexercises,hewentout.(4)Finishingtheexercises,hewentout.(5)Afterfinishingtheexercises,hewentout.(6)Theexercisesbeingfinished,hewentout.(7)Theexerc
36、isesfinished,hewentout.(8)Theexerciseshavingbeendone,hewentout.四六级作文高分句型四六级作文高分句型1.由while引导的状语从句。Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonopportunity.Somepeoplethinkthattherearefewopportunitiesintheworld,whileothersarguethateverybodywillhavesomekindofopportunityalonghisliferoute.Whenitcomestotraveling,som
37、eofpeoplewillchoosetogoonaself-tourwhileotherswanttogoonapackagetour.2.Thosewho(thosewith)句型ThosewhoareinfavoroftheInternetclaimthatithasalotofadvantages.ThosewhoareopposedtotheInternetholdthatdisadvantagesaremany.Thosewithconfidenceandcourageareeasilyachievesuccess.3.倒装句Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffo
38、rtsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Onlyifwegetpreparedcanweseizetheopportunitiesinsteadoflettingthemslipby,justasthesayinggoes,“Opportunitiesareonlyforthepreparedminds”.Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements.Onl
39、yinthiswaycanwemasterthewritingskillsstepbystep.4.条件状语从句Hewillmaketherightchoiceifheknowshisgoalinlifeandhowtomakedecisionsaccordingtothegoal.solongaswecanmakeuseofitproperly,itcanbemostrewarding/beneficialforusinmanyaspects.5.强调句Firstofall,themainfinancialsupportcomesfromparentsandotherfamilymember
40、s.Foralltheyearsitistheywhogivethestudentcourageanddeterminationtoholdonandexcel.Itisnottheyearsinyourlife,butthelifeinyouryearsthatcounts.6.反问句Nowthatwecandrawtheconclusionthatdaydreamingismostbeneficial,whynotmakegooduseofittomakeliferichandrewarding?7.结果状语从句Firstandforemost,theoverallplannershave
41、tocomeupwithanoveralldevelopmentschemesothatallthelaterprojectscanbefittedintoitundercoherentconsideration.JustthinkofDengXiaoping,whohadthreerisesandthreefallsinlifewhichfortunetellerissomagicalthathecantellsuchcomplicatedlifeexperiences?Failureissuchacommonmatterthateveryoneofusmaymeetitfromtimeto
42、time.8.让步状语从句Althoughwecannotsaythatitbringsnounfavorableconsequences,wecanbesuretoconcludethatthispracticeisfavorableonthewhole.Tobeginwith,althoughyoumayfeelanxioustofinishtheworkwhenthedeadlineisdrawingnear,itdoesntmeanyoucanfinishyourjobwithhighquality.Whatsmore,manystudentslackself-controltosuc
43、hanextentthattheychatforlonghourseveniftheyknowitisharmfultoboththeirmentalandphysicalhealth.Nomatterhowresponsibletheteachersareandhowfriendlytheclassmatesare,youcanonlydependonyourselfonceyoustepintotheexaminationroom.Foranother,ifapersonisdiligentandperseverant,hewillrealizehisdreamnomatterhowpoo
44、r,humbleorunluckyhemaybe.9.Not(never)untilForonething,wecanneverwishpeopletobegoodtousuntilwebecomethoughtfulandconsiderate.Wecanneverwishtorealizeourdreamofacleanerandmorebeautifulenvironmentuntilallofustakeactionstobuild,protectandtakecareofit.Otherpeopleviewrepeatedfailuresasmostnaturalonthewayto
45、wardsachievementtheywillkeepontryinguntiltheysucceedintheend.Untilquiterecentlymostpeopleholdahostileattitudetowardstakingarestatnoon.10.Although(itistrue)that,itdoesntmean(follow)thatTobeginwith,althoughyoumayfeelanxioustofinishtheworkwhenthedeadlineisdrawingnear,itdoesntmeanyoucanfinishyourjobwith
46、highquality.双重否定Youcanneverbetoogoodtoyourmother.Lastbutbynomeanstheleast,studentscanneverfailtofindpeerswiththesameinterest,whichenablethemtoexploreaspecialfieldtogether.Similarly,youcanneverwriteagoodresearchpaperunlessyouconcentrateonwhatyouaredoingandhavearightattitudetowardsfailure.灵活句式变换长句与短句转
47、换Thegradingsystematourcollegeshouldbeabolished.Thestudentsdontlikegettinggrades.Theinstructorsdontenjoygivinggrades.Thegradingsystematourcollegeshouldbeabolished,becauseneitherthestudentsnortheinstructorslikeit.Hedidntdotheworkwell,becausehedidnthaveenoughexperience.Hedidntdotheworkwellforlackofexpe
48、rience.主被动转换Weshouldadvisepeopletoprotecttheirowninterestsandnottobeledastraybyfalseadvertisement.Peopleshouldbeadvisedtoprotecttheirowninterestsandnottobeledastraybyfalseadvertisment.强调动作承受者TheemployeeselectedMr.Lichairmanofthecommitteelastweek.Mr.Liwaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebytheemployeeslas
49、tweek.保持一致Computersmayhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation,whileengineersmakeuseofsomecomputersindesigningaplane,oraspaceship.Computersmayhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation,whilesomecomputersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaNowhowtoimprovetheirEnglishispaidm
50、oreattentiontobycollegestudents.NowcollegestudentspaymoreattentiontohowtoimprovetheirEnglish.Ifwedontknowhowthewastesshouldbeused,wecansellthemtotherecyclingstation.Ifwedontknowhowtousethewastes,wecan.非谓语动词和从句转换Itmustberealizedthatpeopleshouldbecautiouswhentheydecidewhichbookstheyshouldchoosetoreads
51、inceiftheyreadbadbooks,itwillbetime-wastingandharmful.Itmustberealizedthatpeopleshouldbecautiouswhendecidingwhichbookstoreadsincereadingbadbooksistime-wasting.强调句的变换Parentsandotherfamilymembersmoneymainlysupportsus.Itisparentsandotherfamilymembersmoneythatmainlysupportus.倒装句变换Ithinkthatbystickingtoo
52、nejobonecanaccumulatealotofexperienceinit,whichinturnwillfurtherimprovehiswork.Ithinkthatonlybystickingtoonejobcanoneaccumulatealotofexperienceinit,听力简介短对话一般为短对话一般为8段，一般要求能听懂英语国家人士的日常段，一般要求能听懂英语国家人士的日常对话，能把握讨论的主题，抓住其大意或要点。对话，能把握讨论的主题，抓住其大意或要点。长对话一共两组，由一男一女进行长对话一共两组，由一男一女进行5-8轮对话，平均为轮对话，平均为240词。两组共词。
53、两组共7题。题。短文理解共短文理解共3篇，每篇短文的长度大约在篇，每篇短文的长度大约在200-250词。三篇词。三篇共共10题。题。短文听写，为主观题部分。侧重于对语言的综合运用能力短文听写，为主观题部分。侧重于对语言的综合运用能力的考查。长度在的考查。长度在200-250词之间，包括单词填空和词组填词之间，包括单词填空和词组填空。空。短对话常提问题事实状况（whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?等)捕捉关键词行为活动(Whatwillthemanprobablydo?等)留意动词，注意表示请
54、求或建议的句子短对话常提问题观点态度（观点态度（Howdoesthemanfeelabout?)注意注意think,believe,find,guess,imagine,consider,asfarasIknow等伺候内容等伺候内容熟悉表示观点的常见词语（熟悉表示观点的常见词语（approve，agree,prefer,enjoy,appreciate,thinkhighlyof,critical,fearful,nervous,bored,betiredof)身份关系身份关系(whatmostprobablyisMary?)注意称呼注意称呼/捕捉语气捕捉语气熟悉职业词语（熟悉职业词语（pro
55、fessor,secretary,repairer,plumber,electrician,hostess)熟悉人物关系词（熟悉人物关系词（librarian-reader，landlord-tenant，employer-employee,colleague)短对话常提问题地点场景(wherearethetwopeople?)留意提问的核心词熟悉地点场景（airport，plane，railwaystation，thebarbers,library,clinic,hospital,bookstore,postoffice,bank,hotel,restaurant,school,campus
56、)谈论话题(whataretheytalkingabout?)注意不要只从一方的谈话中寻找答案数字信息(Howmuchdoesoneticketcost?)速记信息听清问题不要轻易直摄答案短对话十大场景及一般思路1借车：车一般是借不到的借车：车一般是借不到的2吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，“派派”一般比较好吃一般比较好吃3考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉，选修课较难较多教授一般比较严厉，选修课较难较多4坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5事故（灾难）：光明原则，一
57、般不会死人事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人短对话十大场景及一般思路短对话十大场景及一般思路6听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7论文：一般需要修改（论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写）或重写（rewrite）8休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者或者看看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9医院：需要预约医院：需要预约makeanappointment10买票：基本上是买不到的买票：基本上是买不到的短对话的常见场景词汇积累短对话的常见场景词
58、汇积累1.学校场景学校场景课程分类课程分类optionalcourse选修课选修课requiredcourse必修课必修课daycourse白天的课白天的课eveningcourse晚上的晚上的课课经常出现的科目或专业经常出现的科目或专业Chinese中文中文English英语英语mathematic数学数学history历史历史chemistry化学化学literature文学文学短对话的常见场景词汇积累短对话的常见场景词汇积累考试考试finalexam期终考试期终考试middleexam期中考试期中考试makeup补考补考test测验测验poptest事先没有说好的测验事先没有说好的测验q
59、uiz测验测验oraltest口试口试考试临近考试临近drawon/insightof/drawnearly考试延期或取消考试延期或取消delay/beoff/defer/holdup/postpone/putoff/suspend学校分类学校分类publicschool公立学校公立学校privateschool私立学校私立学校religiousschool教会学校教会学校短对话的常见场景词汇积累短对话的常见场景词汇积累学校中的人president校长dean院长professor教授lecturer讲师coordinator管理员doctor博士master硕士bachelor学士fresh
60、man大一新生sophomore大二学生junior大三学生senior大四学生图书馆借书lend/borrow/checkout参考书referencebook续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fine短对话的常见场景词汇积累短对话的常见场景词汇积累attend/havealecture上课上课cutaclass逃课逃课missaclass错过了课错过了课scholarship荣誉奖学金荣誉奖学金assistantship助教奖学金助教奖学金teachingassistant助教助教researchassistant助研助研semester学期学期长对话涉及问题长对话涉及问
61、题主要是日常生活中的对话、求学、旅游、访谈等各种场合。主要把握细节和整体性。提问一般是开头一个、结尾一个、中间一个。对话开头处引出主题，容易出主旨题。（谈话主题或场景）头两句一般是寒暄，之后就会出主题。对话结尾处对话结尾处涉及双方的态度、建议或决定等总结性的内容。也会再现主题和场景。对话中对话中问答处逻辑关系处（并列、转折、因果）建议处（Youdbetter,whynotdo?)比较对比处(asas,while,whereas,comparedwith,incontrast,比较级，最高级）举例处（suchas,forexample,forinstance,thefirst,thesecond
62、)数字时间处(年代，时间，价格等，相关信息）地点场景处长对话预测方法各题解释对话主题预览选项A.Themanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistake.B.Someofthetelephonesystemsdontworkproperly.C.Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.D.Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandards.有问题，与产品有关有问题，与产品有关,解决方法，看法解决方法，看法A.SendaserviceengineertodotherepairsB.Consultherbos
63、saboutthebestsolutionC.PassthemansordertotherightpersonD.solvetheproblemathercompanyscostA.IdealB.temporaryC.partialD.creative选项以动词的某种形式开头A.learnacomputerlanguageB.LearndataprocessingC.BuysomecomputersoftwareD.buyafewcoursebooks本题既有可能是关于某人学习计算机知识或购本题既有可能是关于某人学习计算机知识或购买计算机相关东西买计算机相关东西选项中含有表示评论或感受的词A.
64、itissomethinginevitableB.itisfrustratingsometimesC.ittakespatiencetomanageD.itcanbeagoodthing问题很有可能是关于对某事物的看法，听音时，问题很有可能是关于对某事物的看法，听音时，应多留意表达人物观点或感受的地方应多留意表达人物观点或感受的地方答案推测技巧与其余选项主题不同的选项往往不是答案包含另一个选项意思的选项往往不是答案明显不符合常理的往往不是答案意思相反的选项往往有一个为答案短文部分短文部分介绍著名人物、历史事件、名胜地点、文化、传统、风俗习惯等科学发明、医药卫生、自然现象、地理地貌等科普文章校园
65、生活、教育常识日常生活衣食住行等短文理解方法听音前预测内容和问题抓住短文的首尾句注意与主题相关的细节注意关联词，把握短文发展的脉络短文理解边听边记重点关注首尾处留意重读和强调的地方留意数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息留意逻辑关系处留意重复频率较高的词或短语注意使用缩略语（速记方法）并列and,also,besides,furthermore,inaddition,whatsmore,aswellas,alongwith因果because,since,as,inthat,becauseof,asaresult,dueto,therefore,so,leadto,resultin顺序firs
66、t,last,before,after,next,then,later,theformer,thelatter,following,originally解释namely,thatistosay,meaning举例列举forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeasanexample,letslookattakealookat,转折让步although,though,as,but,however,yet,inspiteof,despite,otherwise,ontheotherhand对比比较as.as,incontrast,comparedwith,while,whe
67、reas复合式听写填词方法利用句子的语法结构利用语义连贯从逻辑衔接中寻找线索利用上下文的照应或是复现词语的固定搭配复合式听写答题顺序及技巧听之时：while-listening原则：精听，速记，以听为主，以记为辅。如何速记1省略虚词如：如冠词，助动词等2遇到词组记每个单词首字母如breakdown就记作BD，但一定要自己看得懂的3长单词记前三个字母如：experience就记作exp4符号记忆如：morethan就记作”lessthan记作“回忆结尾的一两句话2)什么时候结束？重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容)，同时提示文章快要结束了Asaresult,so,therefore,t
68、hus均提示文章快要结束了考试时候语段题的解题步骤考试时候语段题的解题步骤3中间抓小词1)要牢记以下七个小词：first,most,because出现，99%会出考题only,just也会出考题but,however也会出考题复习应试策略复习应试策略跟读标准英语多听合适材料多练习速记全面提高英语水平力争主动带着问题听科学利用答题时间最大化获取信息A.Dr.WhiteiswaitingorapatientB.Dr.WhiteisbusyatthemomentC.Dr.WhitehaslosthispatienceD.Dr.WhitehasgoneouttovisitapatientA.Buyat
69、icketforthetenoclockflightB.AskthemantochangetheticketforherC.Gototheairportimmediately.D.Switchtoadifferentflight.1.A.SearchingforreferencematerialB.Watchingafilmofthe1930s.C.Writingacoursebook.D.Lookingforajobinamoviestudio2.A.ItstoobroadtocopewithB.ItsabitoutdatedC.ItscontroversialD.Itsoflittlepr
70、acticalvalue3.A.AttheendoftheoutlinecatalogueB.AttheReferenceDeskC.IntheNewYorkTimesD.IntheReadersGuidetoPeriodicalLiterature1.A.itisthenameofasupermarket.B.Itisthenameofanonlineshoppinganddeliveryservice.C.itisthenameofanInternetcompany.D.Itisthenameofacomputersoftware.2.A.Itgivesusanideaofhowretai
71、lingwillbe.B.Itisamongthefirstinitsindustry.C.Itiscloselyrelatedtothecomputer.D.Itenablesustobuyanythingonline.3.A.Itofferspeoplemorechoiceswhentheydosomeshopping.B.Itismoreconvenientsincepeoplecanbuythingsathome.C.Comparedwithtraditionalways,itistime-saving.D.Itiseconomicalsincetheproductsarecheape
72、rthanthoseinsupermarkets.TheWorldHealthOrganizationiscallingforurgentinternationalactionto1_millionsofchildrenfromdyingeveryyearasaresultofenvironmentalhazards.TheWHOisdedicatingWorldHealthDayto2_forchildren,tocallattentiontowhatitsaysarethese3_,preventabledeaths.TheWHOsaysmorethanfivemillionchildre
73、n,mainlyin4_countries,dieeveryyearfromdisease,infectionsandaccidents5_theirenvironments.Forinstance,itnotestwo-millionchildrenundertheageoffive6_acuterespiratoryinfectionsbecausetheairtheybreatheispolluted.TheWHOsayschildrenarenotgiventheimportanceandtheattentiontheyneed.Itsaysthey7_diseaseourofallp
74、roportiontotheirnumbers.Childrenundertheageoffivecompriseonly10percentoftheworldspopulation,yetthey8_40percentoftheglobaldiseaseburden.WHODirectorGeneralGroHarlemBrundtlandsaidthebiggest9_tochildrenshealthexistintheveryplacesthatshouldthesafestintheirhomes,schoolsandcommunities.WHOExecutiveDirectorD
75、avidNabarrosaidmostchilddeaths10_theenvironmentcanbeprevented.Hesaidtherearesimple,inexpensivemeasurespeoplecantakewhichcnmakeahugedifference.巧做篇章词汇的步骤第一步快速阅读选项，进行词类分析第二步分析空格所在句子结构，判断所填词的词性和形式第三步根据空格所在句含义及上下文，推测所填词的含义和色彩第四步将筛选的选项带入空格，联系上下文确定答案第五步复读全文，谨慎调整例子a)declineb)celebratingc)paradedd)commemorat
76、ede)lightf)resolutiong)marchedh)increasinglyj)essentiallyk)highlightl)diminishedm)variedn)promotingo)determination例子名词：light，resolution,highlight(显著部分）determination动词:declined,celebrating,paraded(游行），commemorate（纪念），light,marched,highlight(突出，使显著）diminish(减少），varied,promoting形容词：light（明亮的，轻的）disresp
77、ectful（无礼的），diminished（减少了的，被贬低的）varied（多样的）副词：increasingly，essentially识别干扰项一词多性一词多义（经常考不太常用的词义）fine？近义词（一个为正确选项，一个为干扰选项。词形相近的词干扰）principal，principle局部通顺（整体把握篇章，确保前后文的合理衔接）母语迁移？traffic，？TV语义色彩（积极，消极）reputation，notorious复现或共现关系（近义复现，反义复现，上义词复现，下义词复现，同根词复现；语境共现）PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Se
78、ctionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarking
79、thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.UniversitiesBranchOut46.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.47.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.48.Theenrollmentofinternationalst
80、udentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.49.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.50.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.UniversitiesBranchOut51.Thenumberofforei
81、gnstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.52.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.53.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.54.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowe
82、rfulforceforglobalintegration.55.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.55.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.大学英语四六级考试阅读基础要求大学英语四六级考试阅读基础要求问题分析能力及答题技巧问题分析能力及答题技巧篇章分析能力篇章分析能力长句分析能力长句分析能力词词汇汇理理解解词汇的理解(一一)表示强
83、烈转折的词汇表示强烈转折的词汇(二二)表示因果关系的词汇表示因果关系的词汇(三三)表示观点、态度、结论的词汇表示观点、态度、结论的词汇Asteroids（小行星）（小行星）arebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星流星)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddontthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.Whatdoscientistssayabout
84、thecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?(A)Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.(B)Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.(C)CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.(D)Itsstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.二、表示因果关系的词汇二、表示因果关系的词汇1.名词名词base,basis,result,consequence,rea
85、son2.动词动词cause,resultin,resultfrom,followfrom,baseon,bedueto3.介词或连词介词或连词because,since,for,as,therefore,so，thus,why,with4.副词副词asaresult,consequentlyHistorically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnes
86、scomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhe
87、althyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandPreventionObjectives.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout_.(A)howwelltheycoulddoinathletics(B)whattheirhealthconditionwaslike(C)whatki
88、ndoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem(D)whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise1.表示观点、态度的标志词表示观点、态度的标志词Argue,ask,suggest,show,believe,conclude,concern,explain,say表示观点、态度、结论的词汇表示观点、态度、结论的词汇HealsosaysthatFIFAsinsistencethatrefereesshouldretireatage45maybemisguided.Ifkeepingupwiththeactionisnotsoimportant,t
89、heirphysicalconditionislesscritical.Whatisoneofthepossibleconclusionsoftheexperiment?(A)Theidealretirementageforanexperiencedfootballrefereeis45.(B)Ageshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootballreferee.(C)Afootballrefereeshouldbeasyoungandenergeticaspossible.(D)Anexperiencedfootballrefereeca
90、ndowellevenwheninpoorphysicalcondition.2、表示研究结论标志词、表示研究结论标志词Turnout,findout,reveal表示观点、态度、结论的词汇表示观点、态度、结论的词汇WhenschoolofficialsinKalkaska,Michigan,closedclasseslastweek,themediaflockedtothestory,portrayingthetowns2305studentsasvictimsofstingy(吝啬的)taxpayers.Thereissometruthtothat:theproperty-taxrateh
91、ereisone-thirdlowerthanthestateaverage.ButshuttingtheirschoolsalsoallowedKalkaskaseducatorsandthestateslargestteachersunion,theMichiganEducationAssociation,tomakeapoliticalpoint.Theiraimwastospurthestatesshareofschoolfunding.Oneofthepurposesforwhichschoolofficialsclosedclasseswas_.(A)toavoidpayingre
92、tirementbenefitstoteachersandstaff(B)todrawtheattentionoflocaltaxpayerstopoliticalissues(C)tomakethefinancialdifficultiesoftheirteachersandstaffknowntothepublic(D)topressureMichiganlawmakersintoincreasingstatefundsforlocalschools（二）长句分析能力（二）长句分析能力分析理解而非翻译背诵分析理解而非翻译背诵主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语
93、主语主语+谓语谓语+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语1.Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrailuntilhereachedthelowerstepsthatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeofice. hewouldclingtothehandrail untilhereachedthelowersteps他就紧抓着地铁通道口的扶手/一直往下走/因为地铁空气暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。 thatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeoficeTipsfortranslatinglo
94、ngsentencesThelongsentencecanbedividedinto:长句:修饰语多;并列成分多;语言结构层次多Tips for translating long sentences2.找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。1.找出全句的主、谓、宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。3.3.分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。句、宾语从句、表语从句等。 4.4.分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。5
95、.5.注意插入语等其他成分。注意插入语等其他成分。6.6.注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。Normally, when you clip the modifiers (修饰语), you will see the key idea. A modifier can be a clause, prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase, indefinite phrase, etc. Thekeyidea:Ifeelgreatlysurprised.2.WhenIthinkofitnow,Ifeelgreatlysu
96、rprisedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenformyfathertoexperiencesuchshameandstress.e.g.e.g.+ Exercises+ XI ScanningReadingSkillsScanning is to read quickly in order to locate and find a piece of information without readingin any detail. Here are some ways to scan. 1.Lookatthetitle.2.Lookforthesubtitles
97、(小标题).3.Lookatpictures,charts,ordrawingsifthereareany.4.Lookatthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph.ReadingSkillsHowtoscan? highlighted words, e.g. words in bold or italic. numbers, e.g. dates and statistics. words such as “first”, “second”, or “additionally” or words that are repeated. definitions. examp
98、les, including diagrams. LookforReadingSkillsII. ExercisesScanthefollowingparagraphsandanswereachquestion.Youhaveatimelimitof60secondsforeachquestion.ReadingSkillsIn order to develop effective learning skills, it is necessary to understand more about how the memory is structured, in particular the r
99、ole of short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory is the part known as the conscious mind and is used for paying attention. Long-term memory is where information is stored. There are many things that come into the short-term memory and are not transferred to the long-term memory. In f
100、act the brain is designed to forget between 50 and 75 percent of the information that is not transferred to the long-term memory within 24 hours. Question: What percentage of information is forgotten in short term memory if it is not transferred to long term memory? Long and short term memoryThe hum
101、an body is about 65 percent water. If you stopped drinking water (or drinks and food containing water) you would die within three or four days. But the water you drink must be clean. E ach day an average person uses the following amounts of water: Toilet flushing 35 litres Cooking and drinking 30 li
102、tres Bathing 30 litres Using a shower 12-20 litres1. How much of the human body is water? 1. How much of the human body is water? 2. How much water does the average person use for 2. How much water does the average person use for bathing?bathing?Practice 2ReadingSkillsAs city populations rapidly exp
103、and, water and sanitation services are put under pressures unimaginable to those who build them. But at least fear of epidemic-repeating the terrible ravages of cholera in nineteenth-century Europe-encourages action in city halls. Lagos, for example, used to be a watchword for urban filth. Now there
104、 is a monthly sanitation day on which moving around the city is banned: everyone m u s t p i c k u p a s h o v e l a n d clean their neighborhood.Practice 3What must Lagos inhabitants do on sanitation day ?What must Lagos inhabitants do on sanitation day ? ReadingSkills简介四级考试中篇章阅读一共两遍，每篇350-400词之间。后
105、设5道题，两篇共10题。主要考察不同层面上的阅读立解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节的能力、综合分析能力、推理判断能力以及根据上下文推测词义的能力等。解题法第一步略读文章，掌握文章结构、大意和各段中心第二步阅读题目、浏览选项，了解题目考查的核心第三步开始从头阅读文章，寻找题目出处第四步精读题目出处的内容，确定答案第五步最后在通读一遍文章，核对答案的正确性主旨大意题第一步优先考虑概括性较强的选项第二步切忌选择内容片面的选项第三步重点阅读首尾段和各段首尾第四步寻找文章或段落的主题句第五步注意出现频率较高的词语主旨大意题常见题干Thepassageismainlyabout_.Thepassagem
106、ainlydiscusses_.Thepassagecenterson_.Themainideaofthepassageis_.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe_.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatstheauthorspurposeinwritingthisarticle?Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto_.事实细节题第一 根据题干关键词语在原文中定位第二 只读题目出处内容第三 注意题目与原文的转换第四 识
107、别细微之处的干扰第五 过于绝对的选项为答案的可能性较小第六 复合一般规律的选项为答案的可能性较大事实细节题的常见题干Accordingtothepassage,itis_thatAccordingtothepassage,thebestsolutiontois_Accordingtothepassage,theproblemofpartlyarisesfrom_Theauthordescribesasbecause_推理判断题第一根据题干关键词在原文中定位第二不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案第三注意原文中事实细节的干扰第四理清上下文的逻辑关系第五不要只在只言片语中寻找答案推理判断题Itcanbei
108、nferredfromthepassagethat_Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_语义理解题一不能只根据孤立的句子来判断二通过连接词判断含义三利用所举例子进行判断四寻找标志性词语或特殊标点五不要仅从单词的字面意思来理解六结合文章和段落主旨进行判断七将各项放到原文中检验语义理解题常见的题干Theword“”mostprobablymeans_Bysaying“”,theauthormeans_Theword“”mostprobablyrefersto_Whichofthefollowing
109、istheclosestinmeaningtotheword“”?Thestatement“”probablymeans_Theword“they”inthesentence“”refersto_观点态度题一辨别清楚文章的文体二利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位三结合所举例子进行判断四结合文章主题综合判段五注意文中表示假设、想想之类的词语六熟悉具有感情色彩的词语观点态度题常见的题干Itstheauthorsviewthat_.Whatistheauthorsattitudetoward?Theauthorsattitudetowardcouldbedescribedas_?Whichofthefo
110、llowingbestdescribestheauthorstoneinthispassage?believesthat_Accordingto,_常考考点虚拟语气（if引导，主从概念不一致的，建议主张等，必要性，重要性，重用介词：butfor,itstime)非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，分词等）倒装结构（否定词，as让步倒装，if条件句倒装，only倒装）时态和语态（16个时态，两个语态）名词性从句（关系词，语序和时态）定语从句（与同位语从句和强调句型的区别）状语从句情态动词（推测，虚拟）常考考点主谓一致（就近原则，集合名词作主语，the+形容词等）并列结构（eitheror,notonly
111、butalso,neithernor.,notbut)强调句型祈使句It做形式主语或形式宾语比较级使用（Nothingismorethan,asas.,justas,nomore/less()than,morethan,compareAwithB,incontrastwith,twice等倍数+比较对象，twice等倍数+as+形容词、副词+as，twice等倍数+more（形容词或副词比较级）+thanNotuntil汉译英汉译英原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。翻译技巧翻译技巧1.四
112、字成语四字成语“航空牌航空牌”人造皮革箱：用料上乘，做工人造皮革箱：用料上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，价格合理，规格齐全，精细，款式新颖，价格合理，规格齐全，欢迎选购。欢迎选购。“Aviation”ArtificialLeatherSuitcase：Selectedmaterials,fineworkmanship,moderndesigns,reasonableprice,variousspecifications.Orderwelcome.翻译技巧翻译技巧2.去繁从简青岛是我家，清洁靠大家“Qingdaoisourhome,itscleannessdependsonallofus”。“Keep
113、OurCityClean”。“注意安全，请勿攀爬单边墙”Payattentiontoyoursafety,dontclimbthesinglewall.，“NoClimbing!”.翻译技巧翻译技巧3.谚语套译谚语套译Betterlatethanthelate.“迟到总迟到总比丧命好比丧命好”(美国高速公路上的安全宣传标语，巧妙美国高速公路上的安全宣传标语，巧妙地修改了英语谚语地修改了英语谚语Betterlatethannever.)翻译技巧翻译技巧4.反正表达Thereislittlethehotelmanagementcandotohelp.店方帮不了多少忙。（无能为力）翻译技巧翻译技巧5
114、.归化异化Thisguyisafreelanceguide.这个导游是个体户。春节为每年农历的一月一日，是新年的开端。TheSpringFestivalisthefirstdayofthefirstmonthofChinesecalendar，markingthebeginningofthenewyear.翻译对策翻译对策英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。翻译时，根据英语、汉语的句子结构，表达习惯进行相应的转换变通。常用的句子翻译方法：直译、意译、增减译、转译、正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸
115、有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。PapercuttingisoneofChinasmostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingD
116、ynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhouseswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.经常阅读以下国外报刊专栏对通过大学英语四六级考试有利。1.USATodayhttp:/
