2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训

上传人:hs****ma 文档编号:577652283 上传时间:2024-08-22 格式:PPT 页数:122 大小:994.50KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训_第1页
第1页 / 共122页
2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训_第2页
第2页 / 共122页
2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训_第3页
第3页 / 共122页
2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训_第4页
第4页 / 共122页
2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训_第5页
第5页 / 共122页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2005年国家课程改革实验区初中毕业学业命题培训(122页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、 考试命题培训研修材料考试命题培训研修材料 英语英语 浙江教师继续教育学院2006年3月Achievement testsoAchievement (or attainment) tests, though similar in a number of ways to progress tests, are far more formal tests and are intended to measure achievement on a large scale. Most annual school examinations take the form of achievement test

2、s; all public tests which are intended to show mastery of a particular syllabus are also achievement tests. oThese tests are based on what the students are presumed to have learnt not necessarily on what they have actually learnt nor on what has actually been taught.oAchievement tests frequently tak

3、e form of secondary school entrance tests and school certificate examinations; Many are based on a published syllabus and exert a strong influence on the teaching in schools. oA good achievement test should reflect the particular approach to learning and teaching that has previously been adopted. 五个

4、专题五个专题o关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则o考试内容考试内容o关于命题关于命题o组卷原则与试卷结构组卷原则与试卷结构o关于考试成绩等级呈现方案关于考试成绩等级呈现方案专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则o英语课程标准英语课程标准的评价建议部分就终结性评的评价建议部分就终结性评 价提出的价提出的评价原则评价原则是,是,“终结性评价终结性评价要注重考要注重考 查学生综合运用语言的能力查学生综合运用语言的能力”。 在评价建议中在评价建议中最关键的概念之一最关键的概念之一是是综合语言运综合语言运 用能力用能力 (结合语境)(结合语境) 专题一专题一 关于考试形式与

5、命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则o关于关于20052005年基础教育课程改革实验区初中毕年基础教育课程改革实验区初中毕 业学业考试命题指导业学业考试命题指导 英语英语提出的提出的考试形式考试形式: 关于口语考试关于口语考试 关于听力理解关于听力理解 关于语言知识运用关于语言知识运用 关于阅读理解关于阅读理解 关于书面表达关于书面表达专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则o关于关于命题指导命题指导提出的提出的命题原则命题原则 1.1.要根据要根据课程标准课程标准来确定考查内容与标准来确定考查内容与标准 理论依据理论依据 正确认识教材及其他教学资源的作用正确认识教材及其他教学资源

6、的作用 拘泥于教材不利于提高命题质量拘泥于教材不利于提高命题质量 专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例如:例如:例例1 You were in Shanghai last week, _ you? A. were B. werent C. did D. didnt例例2 Shes an Australian, _? A. hasnt she B. isnt she C. doesnt she D. is she (B)(B)例例3 Youve been to North America before, have you?例例4 Oh, he wants us to ma

7、ke films as well, does he?例例5 Shes ill in the hospital. (in hospital)专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则2. 要着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力要着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力例例6 听句辨音听句辨音 请选出你听到的含有下列单词、短语或数字的选项。请选出你听到的含有下列单词、短语或数字的选项。 1. A. ducks B. dogs C. boxes 2. A. clothes B. cookies C. coats 3. A. horse B.

8、noise C. voice 4. A. 34552 B. 36552 C. 36652 5. A. sick pupils B. six pupils C. six people (这五道题的正确答案分别为这五道题的正确答案分别为B、A、C、B、B) 例例7 Choose the word which has the same sound as great. A. bread B. break C. real D. meat (正确答案为正确答案为B) 例例8 Find the word which has a different stress syllable.(重读音节)重读音节) A.

9、 interest B. disease C. although D. himself (正确答案为正确答案为A)专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例例9 单词辨音:从每组单词中选出一个划线部分读音与所给单词辨音:从每组单词中选出一个划线部分读音与所给音标读音相同的词。音标读音相同的词。(1) /z / A. desks B. maps C. trees D. books(2) / A. colour B. other C. often D. love(3) /i / A. heavy B. idea C. ready D. breakfast(4) /d/ A. wa

10、shed B. called C. passed D. danced(5) /k/ A. lunch B. each C. chair D. Christmas(这五道题的正确答案分别为这五道题的正确答案分别为C、C、B、B、D)专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例例10 从每小题的从每小题的A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入句中空白中选出一个能填入句中空白处并且符合句意和括号内所给音标的最佳答案。处并且符合句意和括号内所给音标的最佳答案。(1) What about going hiking tomorrow, L

11、ucy? Certainly. But it may be very (/kuld/)_. Wed better wear warm clothes. (B) A.could B. cold C. cloud D. code (2) The moon shone brightly in (/ru:/)_ the window. (D) A. though B. thought C. throw D. through oToo great a concentration on the testing of the language elements may indeed have a harmf

12、ul effect on the communicative teaching of the language. J. B. Heaton 专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例例11 据网上报道据网上报道:为了赢利大量为了赢利大量捕捕杀野生动物己造成了生态的失杀野生动物己造成了生态的失衡,而食用野生动物则会使其衡,而食用野生动物则会使其躯体的病菌传播给人类。请运躯体的病菌传播给人类。请运用下列所给单词和短语,对这用下列所给单词和短语,对这则报道发表你的看法。字数不则报道发表你的看法。字数不少于少于50词,体裁不限。词,体裁不限。 (wild animals, small

13、er and smaller, diseases, harm, environment )3 3要充分考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平要充分考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平4. 4. 要选用真实、地道的语言素材,根据语言实际要选用真实、地道的语言素材,根据语言实际使用情形命题使用情形命题( (语境不真实的事例语境不真实的事例) )专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例例12 听对话,选择正确答案。每段对话仅读一遍。听对话,选择正确答案。每段对话仅读一遍。 录音原文:录音原文: M: Where shall I put the eggs? W: They can be put

14、in the fridge. 题目:题目:Where can the eggs be put? (正确答案为正确答案为B B) 例例13 听对话,选择正确答案。每段对话仅读一遍。听对话,选择正确答案。每段对话仅读一遍。 录音原文:录音原文: W: We produce 12,000 bikes in our factory every year. M: Great! Riding is good to our health though they are slower than cars. 题目:题目:What does the man like? (正确答案为正确答案为B B)专题一专题一

15、关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则例例14 根据内容提示,以根据内容提示,以Lin Tao的名义写一封的名义写一封50-80字的字的信给抗信给抗SARS一线的医护人员。要求:书写规范,语句通一线的医护人员。要求:书写规范,语句通顺,行文流畅,结构完整,语法正确。顺,行文流畅,结构完整,语法正确。 内容提示:内容提示: (1)今春)今春SARS突发;突发; (2)不顾安危奔赴抗)不顾安危奔赴抗SARS一线;一线; (3)表示谢意;)表示谢意; (4)共同战胜)共同战胜SARS。专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命

16、题原则5 5要确保试题的信度和效度,杜绝繁、偏、旧的要确保试题的信度和效度,杜绝繁、偏、旧的 试题试题, ,控制题量控制题量 什么是效度?什么是效度? 什么是信度?什么是信度? 要努力杜绝繁、偏、旧试题并适度控制题量要努力杜绝繁、偏、旧试题并适度控制题量. . Avoiding traps for the studentsoA good test should never be constructed in such a way as to trap the students into giving an incorrect answer.oCare should be taken to av

17、oid trapping students by including grammatical and vocabulary items which have never been taught. oTo summarize, all tests should be constructed primarily with the intention of finding what students know not of trapping them. 例例15 Among the four words “already, beach, break, idea”, the underlined pa

18、rts(划线部分)划线部分)have _ kinds of pronunciation(发音)发音). A. one B. two C. three D. four例例16 Which stress of the following words is different? A. opera B. expect C. display D. produce例例17 - What did she forget when she left for home? - _ the book. A. Taking B. Took C. Take D. To take专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试

19、形式与命题原则例例18 - What number should appear next after eighty- one? - Its _. A. two hundred and forty-nine B. two hundred and forty-seven C. two hundred and forty-eight D. two hundred and forty-three专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则3 9 27 81 ?专题一专题一 关于考试形式与命题原则关于考试形式与命题原则6. 6. 要根据试题的考查目的和考查重点,科学合理地制定要根据试题的考

20、查目的和考查重点,科学合理地制定评分标准评分标准18-20 ExcellentNatural English, minimal errors, complete realization of the task set.16-17 Very goodGood vocabulary and structure, above the simple sentence level. Errors non-basic.12-15 GoodSimple but accurate realization of task. Sufficient naturalness, not many errors.8-11

21、 PassReasonably correct if awkward or natural treatment of subject with some serious errors.5-7 WeakVocabulary and grammar inadequate for the task set.0-4 Very poorIncoherent. Errors showing lack of basic knowledge of English.专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容 o听力技能听力技能 1.1.课程标准课程标准对初中毕业生听力技能的对初中毕业生听力技能的要求要求 能根据语调和重音理

22、解说话者的意图;能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图; 能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点;能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点; 能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意;能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意; 能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述,理解故事的因果关系;能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述,理解故事的因果关系; 能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应;能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应; 能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容 2. 2. 常用的听力测试的常用的听力测试的考查方式考查方式有:有: 听录音选图片听录音选图片 听录

23、音选择应答语听录音选择应答语 听对话回答问题听对话回答问题 听短文回答问题听短文回答问题/ /短文理解短文理解 听录音填空听录音填空/ /听写听写 听录音完成句子、表格、语段听录音完成句子、表格、语段 听录音选音标、单词、词组或句子听录音选音标、单词、词组或句子 听录音选同义句听录音选同义句 例例19 听下面的对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给听下面的对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的三幅图画中选择最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置上。的三幅图画中选择最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置上。每段对话仅读一遍。每段对话仅读一遍。录音原文:录音原文:1. W: I often have banan

24、as. I like them very much. M: Me, too. Bananas are a nice fruit.专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容 (1) A. Its in Xili. B. Its in our school. C. Its big.(2) A. No, I dont. B. Thank you. C. Not at all.录音材料录音材料: : (1)Excuse me, where is the Safari Park?(2) Oh, you speak English very well. 专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容 专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容例

25、例21 根据你所听到的对话和问题,从每题所给的根据你所听到的对话和问题,从每题所给的A、B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话和问题读两遍。三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话和问题读两遍。11A. Fish. B. Meat. C. Vegetables.12A. Grade 9. B. Grade 8. C. Grade 7. 例例22 根据你所听到的内容以及每小题所提出的问题,从每题所给的根据你所听到的内容以及每小题所提出的问题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。这一部分内容读三遍。三个选项中选出最佳选项。这一部分内容读三遍。16How does he go to school

26、? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. 17Where does he have lunch A. At home. B. At school. C. In a restaurant专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容例例23 根据你所听到的内容,填写下面的表格。这一根据你所听到的内容,填写下面的表格。这一部分内容读三遍。部分内容读三遍。Welcome to Waterworld Swimming Pool 欢迎来水上世界游泳场欢迎来水上世界游泳场21Opening time: _22Closing time: _23Ticket price: $_24Studen

27、t price: $ _25Wednesday: Only for _ and babies.专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容例例25 听短文,填入所缺的单词。你将听到一篇短文,短文听短文,填入所缺的单词。你将听到一篇短文,短文读两遍。请根据短文内容,填入所缺的单词。读两遍。请根据短文内容,填入所缺的单词。 It was a cold spring morning in London. An old man went to see the doctor because his 21 hurt. The man got to the hospital very 22 . There were ma

28、ny people in the waiting room. Soon a person from India came 23 the room. He walked quickly to the doctors door. The old man stood up and stopped 24 . He said, “You must wait for your turn.” He didnt 25 the man from India was the doctor!例例26 选出你所听到的音标词或在句中所听到的选项。选出你所听到的音标词或在句中所听到的选项。 录音原文:录音原文: /aid

29、i/ 试题选项:试题选项: A. /di / B. /ni/ C. /hi/ D. /aidi/ 录音原文:录音原文: Do you clean the classroom every day? 试题选项:试题选项:A. clear B. clean C. care专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容例例29 选出与你所听到的意义最为接近或相同的答案。选出与你所听到的意义最为接近或相同的答案。录音原文:录音原文: All the students passed the English exam except Meimei.试题选项:试题选项: A. Meimei passed the exam. B

30、. Not all the students passed the exam. C. All the students passed the exam.专题二专题二 考试内容考试内容Spoken: oJust look at that large ship over there.oJust look at that large sheep over there.Although this item, which used to be popular in certain tests, is now very rarely included as a separate item in publi

31、c examinations, it is sometimes appropriate for inclusion in a class progress or achievement test at an elementary level. Listening comprehension tests oFirstly, the ability to distinguish between phonemes, however important, does not in itself imply an ability to understand verbal messages. Moreove

32、r, occasional confusion over selected pairs of phonemes does not matter too greatly because in real-life situations listeners are able to use contextual clues to interpret what they hear. Although listeners rely on all the phonological clues present, they can often afford to miss some of them. oAn e

33、xtreme example is that multiple-choice tests are not suitable for testing a candidates ability to pronounce a language correctly. oBuck 1989 showed clearly that multiple-choice tests of pronunciation do not correlate at all with candidates abilities to pronounce English phonemes correctly. 专题二、考试内容专

34、题二、考试内容o口语技能口语技能 1.1.课程标准课程标准对初中毕业生英语口语技能的对初中毕业生英语口语技能的要求要求 能就能就简单的话题提供信息,表达简单的观点和意见,简单的话题提供信息,表达简单的观点和意见, 参与参与讨论;讨论; 能与他人沟通信息,合作完成任务;能与他人沟通信息,合作完成任务; 能在口头表达中进行适当的自我纠正;能在口头表达中进行适当的自我纠正; 能有效地询问信息和请求帮助;能有效地询问信息和请求帮助; 能根据话题进行情景对话;能根据话题进行情景对话; 能用英语表演短剧;能用英语表演短剧; 能在以上口语活动中做到语音、语调自然,语气恰当。能在以上口语活动中做到语音、语调自

35、然,语气恰当。 专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容o口语技能口语技能2. 2. 常用的口语常用的口语考试方式考试方式有:有: 提问与获取信息;提问与获取信息; 描述事物或事件;描述事物或事件; 角色扮演;角色扮演; 讨论;讨论; 情景交谈;情景交谈; 口头作文;口头作文; 朗读;朗读; 跟读;跟读; 复述。复述。专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容o阅读技能阅读技能 1.1.课程标准课程标准对初中毕业生英语阅读技能的对初中毕业生英语阅读技能的要求要求是:是: 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义; 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;能理解段落中各句子之间

36、的逻辑关系; 能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事的能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事的 发展和可能的结局;发展和可能的结局; 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料; 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息; 能利用字典等工具书进行学习;能利用字典等工具书进行学习; 除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到1515万词以上万词以上常用的阅读理解常用的阅读理解考试方式考试方式有:有:(1 1)正误判断;)正误判断; (2 2)多项选择;)多项选择;(3 3)完成句子或文段;()完成句子或文

37、段;(4 4)重新排序;)重新排序;(5 5)回答()回答( 简短简短 / / 开放性)问题;开放性)问题;(6 6)信息转换;)信息转换;(7 7)匹配;)匹配;(8 8)摘要填空;)摘要填空;(9 9)完形填空。)完形填空。专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容Gap-fillingo“Gap-filling” refers here to tests in which the candidate is given a short passage in which some words or phrases have been deleted.oThe major difficulty is t

38、o make sure that each gap leads students to write the expected word. oThe answer key is therefore likely to have more than one answer for some spaces.oAnother problem is that candidates may not be able to think of an answer, not because they have poor language but because the word simply does not sp

39、ring to mind. True / False or Yes / No itemsoThese items are generally unsatisfactory, as there is a 50% possibility of getting any item right by chance alone. oSome item writers reduce the possibility of correcting guessing by including a third category such as “not given” or “does not say”.oThis c

40、an be useful in a reading comprehension test, but in listening comprehension, especially where the text is only played once, it can be demanding and can lead to student confusion. Ordering tasksoAlmost all ordering tasks are difficult to construct because it is not not easy to provide words or phras

41、es which only make sense in one order. 例例31 We talked to 300 people. One hundred were aged 11 to 18. One hundred ere between 19and 26 years of age. One hundred were 27 to 35 old. We asked them what they liked to do in their free time. The results are in the chart(图表).专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容

42、For ChildrenMuseum: Childrens Museum, 220 South Main Street, 492-6363Story time: Childrens Library, 141 Catherine Street, Wednesday at 10 a.m. 678-2817Sports: Football Club, Tuesdays and Thursdays, 4 p.m. 492-5622Basketball Club, Wednesdays and Fridays 9:15 a.m. 678-2506Art Club: Sunday at 9:30 a.m.

43、 215-5368Cinema: New Films for Children, 269 Brick Road, 462- 9101例例34 阅读下面两篇语言材料,完成第阅读下面两篇语言材料,完成第71至至75小题。小题。 Useful Phone NumbersFire & Police: 911 Fast Food Restaurant: 215-547-0422Hospital: 215-722-2256 Visitor Information Centre: 1-800-925-9847Taxi: 215-536-7000 Visitor Hotel Information: 1-80

44、0-739-730271. Where should you go if you are interested in stories? _.72. What numbers should you call if you need some information about hotels? _. 专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容o 写的技能写的技能1.1.课程标准课程标准对初中毕业生英语写的技能的对初中毕业生英语写的技能的要求要求: : 能根据写作要求,收集、准备素材;能根据写作要求,收集、准备素材; 能独立起草短文、短信等,并在教师的指导下进能独立起草短文、短信等,并在教师的指导下进 行修改

45、;行修改; 能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系;能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系; 能简单描述人物或事件;能简单描述人物或事件; 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。例例35 根据所给汉语提示,在短文的每个空白处填上一个适当根据所给汉语提示,在短文的每个空白处填上一个适当的词,使句意完整、正确,将答案写在下面的横线上。的词,使句意完整、正确,将答案写在下面的横线上。 健康非常重要,它意味着一切,因此我们应该照顾好我们自己。但健康非常重要,它意味着一切,因此我们应该照顾好我们自己。但是一天布朗夫人遇到一个问题,她感到既虚弱又疲劳。当她

46、在花园干是一天布朗夫人遇到一个问题,她感到既虚弱又疲劳。当她在花园干活的时候,不得不每活的时候,不得不每5分钟坐下来休息一次。她担心她的健康,所以去分钟坐下来休息一次。她担心她的健康,所以去看医生。医生检查后说她没有什么毛病,只是太胖了,如果想健康、看医生。医生检查后说她没有什么毛病,只是太胖了,如果想健康、苗条,最好多做运动,健康饮食,特别要多吃蔬菜和水果,少吃肉。苗条,最好多做运动,健康饮食,特别要多吃蔬菜和水果,少吃肉。 在在“非典非典”时期,我们更要按照医生说的去做,确保身体健康。时期,我们更要按照医生说的去做,确保身体健康。 专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容 Health is ve

47、ry 1 , it 2 everything, so we should look after ourselves well. But one day Mrs Brown met a problem, she 3 4_ weak 5 tired. When she worked in her garden, she 6 7 sit down and rest every five minutes. She was 8 9 her health, so she went to 10 a doctor. After 11 her 12 , the doctor said there was 13

48、14 _15 with her, she was only too fat. If she wanted to be healthier and 16 , she d better take enough 17 , eat 18 and have more vegetables, more fruits, 19_ meat. During the SARS, we should do 20 doctors told us and make sure to keep healthy.专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容o 语言知识的运用能力语言知识的运用能力 1.1.

49、语言知识语言知识包括包括:语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题。:语音、词汇、语法、功能、话题。 2.2.在现阶段,语言知识的常见的在现阶段,语言知识的常见的考试方式考试方式有:有: 单项选择单项选择 / / 单项填空;单项填空; 完形填空;完形填空; 补全对话;补全对话; 动词填空;动词填空; 词语释义;词语释义; 单词拼写;单词拼写; 句型转换;句型转换; 填空(短语、词形等);填空(短语、词形等); 改错(句子、短文)。改错(句子、短文)。 Error-recognition multiple-choice items oIn practice, this method does not wor

50、k too well since many students tend to regard every sentence as containing an error. Indeed, another argument against this type of item is that it emphasizes the more negative aspects of language learning. It is clearly not sufficient for students simply to recognize sources of error; they ought to

51、be encouraged at all times to concentrate on recognizing and producing the correct forms. This argument is supported by many psychologists and teachers who hold that it is undesirable for students to be exposed too much to incorrect forms. 专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容例例36 根据英文释义和所给单词的首字母,拼写单词。根据英文释义和所给单词的首字母,拼写

52、单词。V _ the sound you make when you speak or sing B the date on which you were bornR to give something backA nearly but not allW the day of the week between Tuesday and Thursday专题二、考试内容专题二、考试内容例例37 按括号内要求写出下列单词的相应形式。按括号内要求写出下列单词的相应形式。 health(形容词)_ sheep(复数形式)_ die(形容词) _ terrible(副词) _ dry(反义词) _ hot

53、 (比较级)_ 例例38 句型转换句型转换 按要求改写下列各句,每空只限填一词。按要求改写下列各句,每空只限填一词。(1)I can skate well.(改为一般疑问句) _ _ skate well?(2)She does the housework every day.(改为否定句) She _ _ the housework every day.(3)There was no time for the twins to go shopping. (改为反意疑问句)专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 o单项选择题单项选择题 1 1题干题干的设计原则的设计原则 尽量不要在题干句首设空;尽量

54、不要在题干句首设空; 题干设计应力求语言简洁意思清晰、长度适宜;题干设计应力求语言简洁意思清晰、长度适宜; 题干中语言的难易程度应该与考生水平相适应题干中语言的难易程度应该与考生水平相适应; ; 题干应有一定的语境。题干应有一定的语境。2选项选项的设计原则的设计原则 (1 1)设计单项选择题选项时,首先需要注意保证答案的唯)设计单项选择题选项时,首先需要注意保证答案的唯 一性。如果出现多种可能的答案,试题就缺乏信度。一性。如果出现多种可能的答案,试题就缺乏信度。 例例39 If Im free, Id like to spend _ holiday in the country. A. a t

55、wo-day B. two days C. two-day D. two days例例40 You look hungry. Dont you want _ to eat? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 例例41 Did you borrow the bike Jim? A. with B. from C. to D. for 这道题的正确答案是这道题的正确答案是B,但选项但选项D也是合也是合理的。用选项理的。用选项B时,句子的意思是时,句子的意思是“你从你从Jim那那里借的自行车吗?里借的

56、自行车吗?”;用选项;用选项D时,句子的意思时,句子的意思是是“你为你为Jim借的自行车吗?借的自行车吗?” 专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 (2 2)选项应该基本符合语法规则,不能因为是)选项应该基本符合语法规则,不能因为是干扰项就忽略其语法的正确性。干扰项就忽略其语法的正确性。例例42 The population of London now is _ . A. seven hundred thousand B. seven thousand hundred C. seven million D. seven millions专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 例例43 Mr. Green

57、 _ to Yaan twice. A. has been B. has gone C. has went例例44 - How many _ would you like? - Two, please. A. cups of tea B. cup of teas C. cups of teas D. cup of tea专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 (3)正确答案与其它干扰项的外在形式、长度应)正确答案与其它干扰项的外在形式、长度应基本一致,不应有过分醒目的特征。基本一致,不应有过分醒目的特征。例例45 He began to choke while he was eating the f

58、ish. A. die B. cough and vomit C. be unable to breathe because of something in his windpipe D. grow very angry 专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 例例46 The cities grew very big because _. A. more and more people come to work in the factories and lived around B. villages needed more people C. more and more villages gre

59、w into cities D. life in the villages changed 这是一道阅读理解题,其正确答案这是一道阅读理解题,其正确答案A明显比其他几明显比其他几个选项长许多,容易引起考生注意,使其他选项失去个选项长许多,容易引起考生注意,使其他选项失去干扰作用。干扰作用。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 (4 4)仅就形式而言,几个选项都应该能分别)仅就形式而言,几个选项都应该能分别 放入题干之中。放入题干之中。例例47 Someone who designs houses is a _ . A. designer B. builder C. architect(改题干)(改

60、题干) Someone who designs houses is a(n) _.(改选项)(改选项) A. a designer B. a builder C. an architect专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 (5)每一个干扰项都要起到一定的干扰作用,不)每一个干扰项都要起到一定的干扰作用,不能形同虚设。能形同虚设。例例48 There _ some apples in the tree. A. is B. are C. have 选项选项C明显起不到干扰作用,很容易被排除明显起不到干扰作用,很容易被排除掉。掉。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 (6) 选项设计不应背离考查目标。选

61、项设计不应背离考查目标。例例49 The woman _ to the same shop every week. A. go B. goes C. have gone D. am going 本题设计考查动词时态,但是干扰项本题设计考查动词时态,但是干扰项A、C、D却都可以却都可以通过主谓一致的语法规则来排除,背离了考查目标,因而通过主谓一致的语法规则来排除,背离了考查目标,因而效度不理想。效度不理想。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 要避免多种答案的现象,我们的要避免多种答案的现象,我们的建议建议是:是: (a)(a)不要根据僵化的语法规则命题,应该根据语

62、言的不要根据僵化的语法规则命题,应该根据语言的 实际使实际使 用情况设计题干和选项,特别是要充分考虑语言的变化;用情况设计题干和选项,特别是要充分考虑语言的变化; (b b)要注意考虑语境以及各个选项在所给语境中可能表达的要注意考虑语境以及各个选项在所给语境中可能表达的 意思;意思; (c c)要考虑整个句子的结构及意义,不要只顾及局部结构。要考虑整个句子的结构及意义,不要只顾及局部结构。 (注:例(注:例4141的设计者可能只考虑到了的设计者可能只考虑到了borrow from borrow from 的结构,而未考虑用其他介词时可能存在的意思);的结构,而未考虑用其他介词时可能存在的意思)

63、; (d d)不要基于某些细微的语义和用法区别来设计试题,如上面不要基于某些细微的语义和用法区别来设计试题,如上面 的第一个例子。的第一个例子。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题3设计多项选择题的其他注意事项设计多项选择题的其他注意事项 要合理设计考点。要合理设计考点。 例例50 - Do you know when the Party is founded? - _ A. On October 1,1994. B. On August 1, 1927. C. On July 1, 1921. D. In May, 1929. 例例51 - Can you tell me when _ is?

64、- Yes. Its on the third Sunday in June. A. Mothers Day B. Fathers Day C. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day 例例52 What always goes up and never comes down? A. air B. car C. cat D. age 以上几道题都是考查语言知识以外的其他知以上几道题都是考查语言知识以外的其他知识,而且基本上是考查机械记忆方面的内容,因识,而且基本上是考查机械记忆方面的内容,因而干扰项也就没有什么干扰意义。而干扰项也就没有什么干扰意义。 专题三

65、、关于命题专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题听力理解和阅读理解都是接受性语言技能。听力理解和阅读理解都是接受性语言技能。例例53 From the story we know that _ come and then there is a heavy rain. (B) A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn例例54 Who gets food from trees? (C) A. Only man. B. Only animals. C. Man and ani

66、mals. 例例55 According to the passage, we know that we dont have _ time to work every year. A. much too B. so many C. too much D. too many 这道题的设计纯粹是从语法角度考虑的,因而任何这道题的设计纯粹是从语法角度考虑的,因而任何人不用阅读文章也可以选出正确答案。这样的设计实际人不用阅读文章也可以选出正确答案。这样的设计实际上偏离了考查阅读理解能力的目的。上偏离了考查阅读理解能力的目的。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 选项数量的确

67、定问题。选项数量的确定问题。(建议多项选择题以(建议多项选择题以3 3个个选项为宜)选项为宜) oMultiple-choiceoIn our experience, too rigorous an adherence to what is taught in a textbook may lead to items where there is more than one acceptable answer.oEach wrong alternative should be attractive to at least some of the students.oGenerally it i

68、s a good idea to have at least four alternative answers, so that the chance of a student guessing an answer is only 25%, but if it is impossible to think of a third attractive wrong answer, then it is sensible to have only three alternatives for some items. oWhere necessary, multiple-choice items sh

69、ould be presented in context. Often the item writer has a particular context in mind which is not at all obvious to the test takersoThe correct alternative should not look so different from the distractors that it stands out from the rest.oEach option should fit equally well into the stem. oSome ite

70、ms do not test what they are intended to test. This most frequently occurs in comprehension tests, where items may turn out to be testing background knowledge. Avoiding problems at the item-writing stageoMixed response John _ flowers to the party last night. A. carries B. carried C. lifts D. liftedR

71、esponse cue Length cue In the story, the merchant was unhappy because it _ . A. rained B. was dark C. was windy D. was windy and rainy and he had forgotten his raincoat oInconsistent cue Examine the following set of distracters: A. ran B. runs C. is running D. fastNonsense distractors They said they

72、 _. A. had gone B. had go C. have went D. had went oTrick questions (double negative)oCommon knowledge responses We learn from this passage that Napoleon was _ . A. British B. French C. Polish D.GermanoRedundancy The boy took the newspaper _. A. because he wanted to read it B. because he wanted to w

73、rap a gift in it C. because he wanted to dispose of it D. because he wanted to remove it 研讨试题:研讨试题:1. Does she _ a dictionary? A. has B. have C. there is2. Ted, the radio is too loud. Please _. A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down3. - Its said all the hotels are filled with

74、tourists. - Dont worry! I _ a room in Xianglong Hotel. A. have booked B. will book C. bought D. am asking4.They do eye exercises twice a day, so _ of them _ glasses. A. few, put on B. few, wear C. a few, put on D. a few, wear5. Mr Brown is a kind-hearted teacher, he _ with his students. A. get on we

75、ll B. gets on well C. got on well D. is get on well6. Someone puts something in front of your left ear. What is it? A. An orange. B. A pear. C. An apple D. A pen.7. Keep ice and water always together and the temperature of water is _. A. going higher and higher B. getting lower and lower C. below 0

76、D. 0研讨试题:研讨试题:8. She has been _ . A. very happy all her life B. very successful in both her work and personal life C. very successful in films D. quite beautiful all the time in her life9. We learn from this passage that Napoleon was _. A. British B. Polish C. French D. German10. Mike is a very care

77、less young man. His carelessness _ him lose his job. A. helped B. deserves C. helps D. made研讨试题:研讨试题:11. - What will a city library be like if you are asked to build one? - I hope it will _ like a book. A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell 12. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. girl C

78、. boys D. childs13. If you dont mind , pass me _ orange , please. A. / B. the C. an D. a研讨试题:研讨试题:14. Do you often read the English newspaper? - Yes, I usually read China Daily for _ before supper. A. half an hour B. an hour half C. half a hour D. half hour15. There are _ doctors and nurses working

79、hard in that hospital. A. thousand B. two thousands C. two thousands D. two thousands of 研讨试题:研讨试题:o填空题填空题 填空题的设计要遵守两个原则:填空题的设计要遵守两个原则: 第一第一,根据所听或所读的信息填空,要填,根据所听或所读的信息填空,要填的信息必须是关键信息,考查内容是获取信的信息必须是关键信息,考查内容是获取信息的能力,不是语法或词汇知识的运用能力;息的能力,不是语法或词汇知识的运用能力; 第二第二,根据上下文提供的信息,在进行逻,根据上下文提供的信息,在进行逻辑推理的基础上,补全文字,

80、如不给选项的完辑推理的基础上,补全文字,如不给选项的完形填空题。形填空题。 专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题例例56 阅读下面的广告,然后答题。阅读下面的广告,然后答题。(A)Sale(出售)American-made carHalf new$500Charlie LiEmail: C (B)Neededbaby-sitter5 dollars an hourSpeak good ChineseJenny Wang2657891 (C)Roommate WantedA female Chinese speakerShare a Two-bedroomWith washing machine,

81、refrigerator, kitchenFlat near Harvard UniversityCall Jane, 2641832 any evening after 5 (D)Lease(出租)One-bed room flatFrom July 1 to Dec. 30next to Harvard UniversityCall Robert2648321 请根据广告所提供的信息,在答题卷上完成下面中国留请根据广告所提供的信息,在答题卷上完成下面中国留学生学生Kay所说的一段话。所说的一段话。 Mummy, you neednt worry about me at all. I can

82、 take care of myself. I have found a part-time job, to be a 71 . I can earn 72 dollars for 2 hours every day. I am thinking of buying a second-hand 73 I have sent an 74 to Charlie to see when I can have a look at his car. It is too expensive for me to stay in school apartment. I am looking for a fla

83、t 75 the university. I can share a flat with Jane. There is a washing machine and a refrigerator. Whats more, I can cook in the 76 . It seems nice. But I am wondering whether Jane is a Chinese or an English speaker who wants to 77 Chinese. I prefer to have an English speaker as my 78 . It is good fo

84、r my English. There is another 79 flat near the school, too. But I can only stay in it for 80 a year. I will call them this evening.专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题o完型填空完型填空1 1目前常见的有以下目前常见的有以下三种形式三种形式: 在短文的下方为每一空白处提供若干个选项供学生选择。在短文的下方为每一空白处提供若干个选项供学生选择。 不提供选项,空白处所缺单词由学生自己填写进去。不提供选项,空白处所缺单词由学生自己填写进去。 把删去的单词打乱顺序随机排列后,

85、置于文章的上方方框把删去的单词打乱顺序随机排列后,置于文章的上方方框 内,供学生选择。也有的设计中多增加几个起干扰作用的内,供学生选择。也有的设计中多增加几个起干扰作用的 单词。单词。 完型填空主要考查完型填空主要考查o对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力o对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力o根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力o对惯用法和常用搭配的掌握程度对惯用法和常用搭配的掌握程度专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题o完型填空完型填空2设计完形填空题试题时要设计完形填空题试题时要注意注意以下几点:以下几点:

86、所选语言材料要与所选语言材料要与课程标准课程标准所要求的合格初所要求的合格初中毕业生的英语学业水平的要求相当。中毕业生的英语学业水平的要求相当。 所选材料应该含有比较丰富的语言形式和紧凑的所选材料应该含有比较丰富的语言形式和紧凑的篇章结构。篇章结构。专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题 文章长度要适当。文章长度要适当。 一般情况下,文章开始的头一两句(尤其是第一句)及最后一般情况下,文章开始的头一两句(尤其是第一句)及最后一句不宜设空。一句不宜设空。 试题所涉及的各类考点(词汇、语法的运用、上下文的理解试题所涉及的各类考点(词汇、语法的运用、上下文的理解和篇章结构安排)应均衡分布。和篇章结构安排)

87、应均衡分布。 设计考点时一定要避免某一小题的答案出现在文章的其他地设计考点时一定要避免某一小题的答案出现在文章的其他地方。方。 选择考点时应侧重从语言的意义考虑,而不能一味地考查语选择考点时应侧重从语言的意义考虑,而不能一味地考查语法形式或句子结构。法形式或句子结构。 考点设计还应考虑到上下文的呼应关系。考点设计还应考虑到上下文的呼应关系。 除上述原则外,还应遵循单项选择题的基本命题原则,如:除上述原则外,还应遵循单项选择题的基本命题原则,如:每小题只能有一个正确选项;正确选项和干扰项的外在形每小题只能有一个正确选项;正确选项和干扰项的外在形式特征要一致;干扰项要起到一定的干扰作用等。式特征要

88、一致;干扰项要起到一定的干扰作用等。研讨试题:例例57 Miss Green was very fat. Her weight was 100 kilos, and she was 1 every month, so she 2 doctor. He said, “ You need a diet(特殊食品). Miss Green, and I ve got a good one here.” He gave her a book and said, “Read this 3 and eat the things on page 11 every day. Then come back an

89、d see me in 4 ”. Miss Green came again two weeks 5 , but she wasnt thinner, she was 6 . The doctor was surprised and said, “7 the things on page 11 of the book?” “Yes, I am, doctor.” she answered. The next day the doctor visited Miss Green 8 . She was surprised to see him. “ Miss Green ,” he said. “

90、 9 are you eating potatoes and bread? They arent your diet.” “But , doctor,” Miss Green answered, “ I 10 my diet at lunch time. This is my dinner.” 1.A. getting heavier B. got heavier C. get heavier D. got heavy2. A. goes and see a B. went to see her C. went and see her D. gone to see her 3. A. slow

91、ly B. slow C. careful D. carefully4. A. two week time B. two weeks time C. two-weeks time D. two week of time5. A. time B. before C. ago D. later6. A. more fatter B. more heavy C. fatter D. heavyer7. A. Do you eat B. Are you eating C. Have you eaten D. Did you eat8. A. for her dinner B. during her d

92、inner C. at dinner D. when her dinner9. A. What B. When C. Where D, Why10. A. eating B. have eated C. ate D. eats例例59 Surfing is 1 of the worlds most popular water sports. It first started on the island of Hawaii. Now it is 2 by people all over the world. Hawaii is famous 3 its beautiful beaches. Ev

93、ery year, water sports , especially swimming and 4 , attract large 5 of tourists to the islands. 1. A. a B. one C. some D. many2. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoyed D. enjoied3. A. at B. of C. in D. for 4. A. surfing B. surf C. surfer D. surfers5. A. many B. much C. number D. numbers例60 It is fine today.

94、 Lily and Lucy want to go 1 the zoo. They want to have a look at the 2 there. They are waiting for a bus. A bus comes and stops at the bus stop. There are two empty seats there and 3 sit down on them.The bus stops at the next stop. And an old man gets on the 4 . Lily and Lucy stand up and say, “ Her

95、es a seat foryou , grandpa. Please sit here.” The old man says, “ Thank you very much. Its very kind of you to 5 me have your seats.” 1. A. in B. on C. at D. to 2. A. cakes B. pencils C. pandas D. teachers 3. A. their B. they C. them D. theirs 4. A. bus B. bike C. car D. truck 5. A. let B. get C. as

96、k D, want (四)阅读理解四)阅读理解 选择适当的阅读材料:选择适当的阅读材料:(1 1)从当前初中毕业学业考试的实际情况来来看,阅读理)从当前初中毕业学业考试的实际情况来来看,阅读理 解部分一般应提供解部分一般应提供3434篇阅读材料;文字阅读量(不篇阅读材料;文字阅读量(不 含试题部分的内容)应结合当地实际决定,一般应控含试题部分的内容)应结合当地实际决定,一般应控 制在制在600800600800词上下的范围。词上下的范围。(2 2)条件许可的情况下,所选文章的题材内容要丰富,体)条件许可的情况下,所选文章的题材内容要丰富,体 裁应尽可能多样化。应该适当选用一些贴近时代和学裁应尽

97、可能多样化。应该适当选用一些贴近时代和学 生生活实际、实用性较强的语言素材,像公告、广生生活实际、实用性较强的语言素材,像公告、广 告、说明、通知、图表、目录以及报刊杂志中一般性告、说明、通知、图表、目录以及报刊杂志中一般性 话题的短文材料。对阅读细节考查可以选用只有几句话题的短文材料。对阅读细节考查可以选用只有几句 话的简短材料。话的简短材料。(3 3)为检测寻读)为检测寻读/ /跳读(跳读(scanningscanning)技能,选材中应该能技能,选材中应该能 够蕴含比较丰富的具体信息细节方面的内容。够蕴含比较丰富的具体信息细节方面的内容。 (4 4)选材应注意一定的教育性和趣味性,但不应

98、使学)选材应注意一定的教育性和趣味性,但不应使学 生感到过度兴奋或不安。应该回避近期刚发生过生感到过度兴奋或不安。应该回避近期刚发生过 的灾难和悲剧方面的内容。的灾难和悲剧方面的内容。(5 5)注意选材的公平性,不应选取对部分学生来说是)注意选材的公平性,不应选取对部分学生来说是 熟悉的常识范畴方面的内容。熟悉的常识范畴方面的内容。(6 6)所选材料应该只限于检测学生的阅读理解能力,)所选材料应该只限于检测学生的阅读理解能力, 不应含有过多的其他文化或专业背景方面的内容。不应含有过多的其他文化或专业背景方面的内容。(7 7)不应选用学生已经读过的语篇,或者是与他们阅读)不应选用学生已经读过的语

99、篇,或者是与他们阅读 过的极为接近的内容。过的极为接近的内容。 例题略例题略专题三、关于命题专题三、关于命题o判断正误判断正误 要求:要求:题干设计简单明了,结构不能过分复杂。题干设计简单明了,结构不能过分复杂。必须必须明确的是,此时考查的是对所听或所读内容的理解以及获明确的是,此时考查的是对所听或所读内容的理解以及获取信息的能力,而不是对语法、词汇知识的掌握程度。取信息的能力,而不是对语法、词汇知识的掌握程度。 例例62 Lifts are very useful. Why? Think about a tall building. You work on the thirtieth flo

100、or. Maybe you can walk up all the stairs one time. But can you climb thirty floors to your office every day? Of course not. In an old lift, a worker is needed. He or she operates it up and down. In a modern lift, there is no worker. People can operate it themselves. Do you know how to use a lift? OK

101、, let me tell you. For example, you want to go to the twelfth floor from the ground floor. First, you must press the button (按键) , then the door opens. After that you can get into the lift. Third, you press the , and the door closes. Fourth, you press the number 12 , then the lift takes you up to th

102、e twelfth floor. When the door opens again, you can get out of the lift. If you want to go down to the first floor, you must press the , then do the same. It takes you down there. It is very easy and fast. Now can you use it? 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误。正确的在括号内根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误。正确的在括号内写写 “T”,错误的写错误的写 “F”。( ) 31.

103、In a modern lift, people can operate it by themselves. ( ) 32. If you want to go upstairs, you must press the .( ) 33. If you want to go down to the first floor, you must press the .( ) 34. In a tall building, it is very easy and fast for you to go up and down in a lift. ( ) 35. Lifts are just used

104、for the old people to go up and down in a tall building.o开放题开放题 几种常见开放题的设计:几种常见开放题的设计: 简短回答简短回答 信息转换信息转换 听写与摘记听写与摘记 书面表达书面表达Information TransferoInformation transfer is used most in reading and listening comprehension tasks. Candidates usually have to transfer material from the text on to a chart, t

105、able, form or map. These tasks often resemble real-life activities and are therefore much used in test batteries which try to include authentic tasks. ProblemsoThe task can be very complicated. Sometimes the candidates spend so much time working out what should do in a table that they do not manage

106、to solve what is linguistically an easy problem.oThe task may be culturally or cognitively biased. For example, the candidate might be asked to listen to a description of someones journey through a town and to mark the route on a map. However, students who are unfamiliar with maps or are not good at

107、 map reading are at a disadvantage with tasks of this sort. 书面表达考查要点o1 根据提示要求运用所学语言知识写出易懂的短文。o2 短文的结构是否有层次、有条理,能清楚地表达自己的意思。o3 能否较为准确地运用语法和词汇,拼写、标点基本正确。o4 是否能使用简单的语句间的连接成分,是全文内容连贯。命制书面表达题时应注意的几个方面o1 提出一个明确的写作任务,能激发学生用英语写作的动机和目的。o2 尽可能提供接近现实生活的有意义的情景。o3 尽可能回避一些不能给学生提供实际指导意义的写作题目。o4 可以通过提纲、图画、表格等形式为学生提

108、供必要的信息提示,使学生的写作受到一定的引导和限制。o5 文字提示尽可能简要,避免使用完整的句子,是书面表达变成连词成句或翻译。o6 只考查与写作有关的能力,不过多地涉及到学生的想象力、智力、常识等方面。o7 明确词数要求。o8 注意写作任务与写作时间要匹配。o9 为确保易于对比和比较,写作任务不宜具有选择性。Testing composition writing oIn the past, test writers have been too ambitious and unrealistic in their expectations of testees performances in

109、composition writing:hence the complaint that relatively few foreign learners of English attain a satisfactory level in English composition. Furthermore, the backwash effect of examinations involving composition writing has been unfortunate: teachers have too often anticipated examination requirement

110、s by beginning free composition work far too early in the course. They have progressed from controlled composition to free composition too early, before the basic writing skills have been acquired.oIn the composition test the students should be presented with a clearly defined problem which motivate

111、s them to write. The writing task should be such that it ensures they have something to say and a purpose for saying it.They should also have an audience in mind when they write. Thus, whenever possible, meaningful situations should be given in composition tests. Example:oYour friend is going to vis

112、it your country for a few weeks with her two brothers. Your house is big enough for her to stay with you but there is not enough room for her brothers. There are two hotels near your house but they are very expensive. The third hotel is cheaper, but it is at least five miles away. Write a letter to

113、your pen-friend, explaining the situation.oComposition titles which give the students no guidance as to what is expected of them should be avoided. Examples of poor titles which fail to direct the students ideas are A pleasant evening, My best friend, Look before you leap, A good film which I have r

114、ecently seen.研究讨论以下例题:研究讨论以下例题: 例例6363听短文,完成下列表格(每空限填一个词)听短文,完成下列表格(每空限填一个词)Tom Father Mother Time to get up 6:15 (1) 6:30 Work place (2) Shanghai Car Factory (3) how to go to work (4) by car by underground Time on the way 20 minutes half an hour (5) 研究讨论下面的听写任务:研究讨论下面的听写任务:例例64 It is 21 to find you

115、r way from the station to the school. When you come 22 of the station, turn left and walk until you 23 the traffic lights. Turn left 24 . Youll be 25 Flower Street. Keep 26 until you come to the cinema. Just 27 the cinema, there is a very narrow street on the left. 28 is Stamp Street. The school is

116、about two hundred metres 29 this street on the right. There is a 30 office opposite.例例65 完成表格:听一段对话,根据其内容和以下所给表格的完成表格:听一段对话,根据其内容和以下所给表格的要求,在横线上填上有关要求,在横线上填上有关LindaLinda的信息。每空一词。的信息。每空一词。21Age next Friday _ 22Birthday _ 27th 23Hobbies _ and listening to popular music 24Best friend _ 25New present A

117、_ 例例66 英国男孩英国男孩Jim Green来信想在北京征询笔友。现在你用英语写来信想在北京征询笔友。现在你用英语写一封回信,介绍自己的情况。信的开头和结尾已给出,要求单词一封回信,介绍自己的情况。信的开头和结尾已给出,要求单词数大约数大约50个左右。回信应包括下面表格中的内容。个左右。回信应包括下面表格中的内容。 Name: Li Dong School name: No.18 Middle School Sex: boy Favorite subjects: maths, history Age: 15 Sports: basketball, swimming Number of pe

118、ople in your family: 3 Interests: pop music 以下几例供大家研修参考:以下几例供大家研修参考:例例68 假设你叫李蕾,现在用英文写一封回信(假设你叫李蕾,现在用英文写一封回信(60-80个单个单词)给你的英国笔友,介绍你最近去过的一个地方(可以是词)给你的英国笔友,介绍你最近去过的一个地方(可以是公园、名胜古迹、乡村、城市)。回信应包括以下内容:公园、名胜古迹、乡村、城市)。回信应包括以下内容: where you went, when and how you went there, what you did and what you saw, how

119、 you were feeling例例69 Write at least 60 words on the topic “ My Favorite Thing(s)” (根据英文提示,以根据英文提示,以“我的心爱之物我的心爱之物”为题写话,不少于为题写话,不少于60词。内容必须包括英文提示中的三项要求。)词。内容必须包括英文提示中的三项要求。)Make sure you:Introduce what the thing(s) is (are).When and / or where ,and how you got it (them).Explain why you like it (them)

120、 and why it is (they are) special to you.研讨试题:研讨试题: 例例71以以“My Summer Holiday”为题写一篇短文,字数在为题写一篇短文,字数在100左右。左右。 内容要求:内容要求:1.去年暑假你印象较深的经历;去年暑假你印象较深的经历; 2. 今年暑假你有什么计划和安排;今年暑假你有什么计划和安排; 3. 你理想中的暑假生活是什么样子的。你理想中的暑假生活是什么样子的。 例例72 李明的父母都是医务人员,他们因抗击李明的父母都是医务人员,他们因抗击SARS而离家一个月了。某而离家一个月了。某地电视台地电视台真情互动真情互动栏目准备做个专

121、访,录下李明对爸爸妈妈说的话。栏目准备做个专访,录下李明对爸爸妈妈说的话。假如你是李明,你会对爸爸妈妈说些什么呢?假如你是李明,你会对爸爸妈妈说些什么呢?栏目主持人提示:栏目主持人提示:1.诉说情感,表达思念。诉说情感,表达思念。(proud , miss) 2.简述生活,健康有序。简述生活,健康有序。(take care of , wash, clean) 3. 祝愿父母祝愿父母,如意安康。,如意安康。(wish healthy)要求:(要求:(1)语言必须包含上述提示内容;)语言必须包含上述提示内容; (2)词数在)词数在80左右(开始语已给出,不计入词数)。左右(开始语已给出,不计入词数

122、)。 Dear Dad and Mum, 例例73 班会课上,老师要求每位同学用英语介绍自己的一位朋友。请你班会课上,老师要求每位同学用英语介绍自己的一位朋友。请你根据所提根据所提 供的要点以供的要点以“My Best Friend”为题写一篇短文。为题写一篇短文。 要点:要点:1. Who is he/ she? 2. When and where did you get to know him /her? 3. Why do you like him / her? 注意:注意:1. 文章的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。文章的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。 2. 字数字数60-80,

123、须包括以上要点,可适当增加细节是短文意思通畅。,须包括以上要点,可适当增加细节是短文意思通畅。 3. 条理清楚,意思连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。条理清楚,意思连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。 4. 文中不得出现真实的人员、校名等相关信息。文中不得出现真实的人员、校名等相关信息。 My Best Friend Hello! I have a good friend. Thats all. Thank you. 例例74 请你根据中文意思和英文提示语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文请你根据中文意思和英文提示语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文语段。中文提示要点不要逐条翻译,可适当发挥。要求字数在语段。中文提示要

124、点不要逐条翻译,可适当发挥。要求字数在60个左个左右,开头部分已给出,不计入字数总数。右,开头部分已给出,不计入字数总数。 中文提示:假设你是中文提示:假设你是LiLei,作为一名导游,现在向你的游客们介绍作为一名导游,现在向你的游客们介绍一下桂林。要点可包括:一下桂林。要点可包括: 1位于广西北部位于广西北部2市区人口市区人口60多万多万3以风景美丽而闻名于世以风景美丽而闻名于世4山清水秀,环境干净、整洁山清水秀,环境干净、整洁5每年有许多游客每年有许多游客6坐船游览漓江风光,免费公共汽车游览市区各景点坐船游览漓江风光,免费公共汽车游览市区各景点7在桂林过得愉快在桂林过得愉快英文提示:英文提

125、示:population, environment, tourist, scene(风景风景),scenic point(景点景点),on free buses专题四专题四 组卷原则与试卷结构组卷原则与试卷结构 o组卷原则组卷原则 1. 1. 宏观组卷原则宏观组卷原则 试卷应该涵盖学生听、说、读、写等语言技能以及语法知识和试卷应该涵盖学生听、说、读、写等语言技能以及语法知识和词汇知识的灵活运用能力等几方面的内容。词汇知识的灵活运用能力等几方面的内容。 试卷结构要做到简约、清晰。应以不同的语言技能而不是以题试卷结构要做到简约、清晰。应以不同的语言技能而不是以题型为依据来规划试卷结构。型为依据来规

126、划试卷结构。 英语学业考试由口语考试、听力理解、语言知识运用、阅读理英语学业考试由口语考试、听力理解、语言知识运用、阅读理解、书面表达等五个大部分组成;解、书面表达等五个大部分组成;建议建议各部分分值所占比例各部分分值所占比例分别为分别为15%15%、20%20%、20%20%、30%30%和和15%15%。当然,具体组卷时也可以。当然,具体组卷时也可以根据实际情况做细微的调整。根据实际情况做细微的调整。 各个大部分由若干个小部分组成各个大部分由若干个小部分组成。专题四专题四 组卷原则与试卷结构组卷原则与试卷结构2 2微观组卷原则微观组卷原则 听力理解部分听力理解部分 (应包含基于事实性信息、

127、观点、意见、日常交际知识的试题)(应包含基于事实性信息、观点、意见、日常交际知识的试题) 语言知识运用部分语言知识运用部分 (应包含语法、词汇、语用、日常交际用语、固定搭配等方面;(应包含语法、词汇、语用、日常交际用语、固定搭配等方面; 通常考试形式:单项选择和完型填空)通常考试形式:单项选择和完型填空) 阅读理解部分阅读理解部分 (应包含关于材料主旨和大意、材料中某些具体信息、根据材料内容进行(应包含关于材料主旨和大意、材料中某些具体信息、根据材料内容进行 推理和判断、文章题材和结构、从上下文推断生词意义、文章写作意图推理和判断、文章题材和结构、从上下文推断生词意义、文章写作意图 和作者的态

128、度和观点的试题)和作者的态度和观点的试题) 书面表达部分书面表达部分 专题四专题四 组卷原则与试卷结构组卷原则与试卷结构3 3关于试题的难度和梯度配置关于试题的难度和梯度配置难度:难度:较易题(较易题(60%60%) 、中等题(、中等题(20%20%)、较难题()、较难题(20%20%)。)。梯度:梯度:较易题(较易题(0.70.70.90.9)、中等题()、中等题(0.50.50.70.7)、较难题()、较难题(0.40.40.20.2 )。)。o试卷结构试卷结构 命题指导命题指导对英语学业考试的试卷结构提出的建议如对英语学业考试的试卷结构提出的建议如下表所示:下表所示:专题四专题四 组卷原

129、则与试卷结构组卷原则与试卷结构 试题部分试题部分 建议题型建议题型建议分值所占比例建议分值所占比例口语考试口语考试对话、访谈、复述、描述、对话、访谈、复述、描述、讨论、角色扮演等讨论、角色扮演等15% 听力理解听力理解单项选择、填空。匹配等单项选择、填空。匹配等20% 语言知识运用语言知识运用单项选择、完型填空、单项选择、完型填空、 填填空等空等20% 阅读理解阅读理解单项选择、匹配、填空等单项选择、匹配、填空等30% 书面表达书面表达开放题等开放题等 15% 专题五专题五 关于考试成绩等级呈现方案关于考试成绩等级呈现方案 o关于成绩等级的规定和描述关于成绩等级的规定和描述 命题指导命题指导指

130、出,英语学业考试的成绩要以指出,英语学业考试的成绩要以等级制等级制的方的方式向学生公布和报告。合格标准根据义务教育英语课程标式向学生公布和报告。合格标准根据义务教育英语课程标准的基本要求确定。等级数和等级标准由各地根据考试结准的基本要求确定。等级数和等级标准由各地根据考试结果,并结合当地的实际情况来确定。果,并结合当地的实际情况来确定。 o关于等级的折算方法关于等级的折算方法(要(要因地制宜因地制宜) 根据卷面得分折算等级;根据卷面得分折算等级; 根据试卷各部分的答题情况确定整卷的等级根据试卷各部分的答题情况确定整卷的等级。参考文献参考文献Alderson, J., Clapham, C.,

131、Wall, D. Language Test Construction and Evaluation. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2000。Heaton, J. B. Writing English Language Tests (New edition ). 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000。Henning, G. A Guide to Language Testing: Development, Evaluation and Research. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2001。Hughes, A. Testing for Language Teachers. 北京:外语教学

132、与研究出版社,2000。教育部, 全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)。 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001。 参考文献参考文献教育部, 九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲(试用修订版)。 北京:人民教育出版社,2001。教育部考试中心,全国公共英语等级考试第二级考试大纲。 北京:高等教育出版社,1999。李筱菊,“怎样测试英语运用能力”, 中小学英语1998年第12期。刘庆思,“谈中级英语能力测试题设计与命制”, 中小学英语1998年第12期。全国初中毕业升学考试英语学科评价课题组, 2004年中考命题指导丛书-英语。南京:江苏教育出版社,2004。全国初中毕业、升学考试评价组, 全国初中毕业、升学考试评价2000年度评价报告。 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001。全国初中毕业、升学考试评价课题组, 2002年全国初中毕业、升学考试评价报告。 南京:江苏教育出版社,2003。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 建筑/环境 > 施工组织

电脑版 |金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号