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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 V V-ing -ing 形式做状语形式做状语1动词动词-ing形式作状形式作状语语动词动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等情况等,相当于一个状语从句。相当于一个状语从句。动词动词-ing形式形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。【教法探析【教法探析】2E.g.: 1.walking along the street, I met Ma
2、ry=while I was walking along the street, I met Mary 2.Having got home, I found my book missing=After I got home, I found my book missing动词动词-ing形式可以作状语表时间，相当于一形式可以作状语表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，表与主句的谓语动作同时个时间状语从句，表与主句的谓语动作同时发生，如果从句的谓语动作发生在主句的动发生，如果从句的谓语动作发生在主句的动作之前，用动词作之前，用动词-ing的完成时态即的完成时态即having +P.P 34.Turni
3、ng to the left, you will find the school= If you turn to the left, you will find the school表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句 5.Knowing where I live, he never come to see me.=Though he knows where I live, he never come to see me 表让步，相当于一个让步状语从句表让步，相当于一个让步状语从句3.Being tired, I stopped to take a rest=Becau
4、se I was tired, I stopped to take a rest表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句46. I stood there, waiting for her =I stood there and waited for her 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构一个并列结构7.it rains heavily, causing severe flooding in the area=It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding i
5、n the area表结果，相当于一个结果状语从句表结果，相当于一个结果状语从句5分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，若分词分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，若分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，分词需要带有自己的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，分词需要带有自己的主语，从而构成独立主格结构的主语，从而构成独立主格结构E.g. :1.My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didnt want the children to play together (析：现在分词析：现在分词explain是句子主语是句子主语my wife做的动作，它
6、们之间是主动关系，即做的动作，它们之间是主动关系，即explain的逻辑主语就是句子的主语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语my wife).2.The train having gone, we had to wait another day 。(析：因为的析：因为的go动作不是句子的主格发出的，动作不是句子的主格发出的，所以必须加上自己的动作发出者所以必须加上自己的动作发出者the train 逻辑主逻辑主语语+having done即为独立主格结构即为独立主格结构)6独立结构独立结构v-ing的用的用法法71. 英语中一些固定表示独立主格结构的v-ing有：Generally speaking 一
7、般说来/坦白地说Judging from 根据 判断Supposing/ soppose+从句 假使 Providing/provided +从句 假使 Granting/granted +从句 即使 ConsideringSeeing that 鉴于 ，考虑到 Given thatTalking of 谈到 E.g. : Generally speaking, I forgot to tell her this matter.82 2with + with + 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这
8、种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，withwith后的宾语后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，时，withwith原有的含意往往不翻译出来。原有的含意往往不翻译出来。9with + with + 名词名词名词名词 / / 代词代词代词代词 + -ing + -ing分词分词分词分词With the old man leadi
9、ng, the two started toward With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking She felt very nervous with so many peo
10、ple looking at her.at her.10语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) doing(not) being done(not) being done(not)(not)having donehaving done(not)(not)having been donehaving been doneV-ing【学法引导】【学法引导】11V-ingV-ing作状语的用法作状语的用法作状语的用法作状语的用法V-ingV-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间，短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间，短语在句子中作状语，可
11、以表示时间，短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随动作等。原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随动作等。原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随动作等。原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随动作等。12Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for
12、the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1. 表时间状语表时间状语132.表原因状语表原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)既然你是一个学生既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习。你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家由于想到它或许在家, 所以我就给他打了电所以我就给他打
13、了电话。话。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)14 3.表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词表示的动作作伴随状语的分词表示的动作, 必须是必须是主语的一个动作主语的一个动作, 或是或是与谓语所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作(或状态或状态)同时发生同时发生, 或是或是对谓语表示的动词对谓语表示的动词(或状态或状态)作进一步作进一步地补充说地补充说明明。e.g. He sat on the sofa, watching TV
14、.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)15他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking164.表结果表结果e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mot
15、her died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲全国到处在传唱这首歌曲, 使它成了一首使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。最受欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song175. 表条件表条件Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走一直往前走, 你就会看到一座白色地房你就会
16、看到一座白色地房子。子。_, you will see a white house.Walking ahead186.与逻辑主语构成独立主格与逻辑主语构成独立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽车时我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two
17、 exercises. 如果时间允许如果时间允许, 我们将做另两个练习。我们将做另两个练习。19有时也可用有时也可用with (without) +名词名词(代词宾格代词宾格)+分词形式。分词形式。With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。7.作独立成分作独立成分: Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看从外表看, 他一定是个演员。他一定是个演员。20注意：注意： 1. 当当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动
18、词动作之前时，应使用完成式：之前时，应使用完成式：having doneHaving finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 当当v-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：动宾关系时，应使用被动式：being doneBeing helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.213. 当当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：作之前时，
19、被动式应使用完成式：having been doneHaving been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.22【模拟练习】【模拟练习】1. The student sat there, _ what to do. A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowingD现在分词的否定式是在
20、一般式和完成式的前面现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加加not (never)232. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not knownA243. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B. preparing
21、 B.C. prepared D. was preparing 4. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B. makes B.C. made D. to makeBA25【真题再现】【真题再现】（2012 天津卷） He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched.A.left B. to leave B.C. leaving D. having left
22、26（2012 福建卷） Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realized C. to realize D. being realized【答案】A【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度
23、挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以本题关键有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。27(2012 湖南卷） The lecture, _at 7:00 pm laze night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started【答案】A 【解析】句意：报告于昨晚七点开始，报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start在
24、此用作不及物动词（就像Classes start at 8 “8点开始上课”一样），瞬间动词的现在分词作定语表完成意义或将来意义28(2012 重庆卷） to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【答案】A【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正确答案为A选项。2930
