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1、Overview of Grammar句子成分句子成分:主语（subject）谓语（predicate）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语（adverbial）补语（complement） （可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）表语（predicative）同位语（appositive）句子成分符号：主语：谓语：_宾语：波浪线定语：()状语：宾补：表语：双波浪线主语u主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。Exercise:1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more p
2、opular. 2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a fo
3、reign language.9. That he isnt at home is not true._谓语u谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.（2）由系动词加表语构
4、成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。 We are students. Your idea sounds great.表语u表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 Exercise:1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty one.6.His job is to teach English.7.His hobby
5、（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad._如何辨别系动词和实义动词She looks beautiful. (系动词)Look at the picture. (实义动词)He felt the book with his right hand. (实义动词) The silk feels soft. (系动词)辨别下列粗体动词是系动词还是实义动词1.The door stays open at night.2.He ta
6、sted the food, and the food tasted delicious.3.The book still lies open on the desk.4.What he said proved true.5.He cant proved his theory(理论).宾语u宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。u宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。Exercise:1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I
7、have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music.6.I think（that）he is fit for his office._Vt or Vi1.Most birds can fly. 2.The children are flying kites in the park. 3.It happened yesterday. 4.My watch stopped. 5.The baby s
8、topped crying when he saw his mother. 6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. 7.Shall I begin at once? 8.She began working as a teacher after she left school. 9.When did they leave Beijing? 10.They left last week. 宾语补足语u有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。u宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语
9、。uExercise：1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.8.I want your homewor
10、k done on time._主补u对主语的补充。u含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 We elected him our monitor.He was elected our monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语u定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的的”表示。u在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许
11、多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。 There are many big, red apples hanging on the tree. _Exercise:1.The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3.We need a place twice larger than this one.4.She carried a basket full of eggs.5.Its a book worth no more than one dollar.6.Its a c
12、ity far from the coast.7.He has money enough to buy a car._Exercise:8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.9.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 10.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you11.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home12.There are many cloth
13、es to be washed. 13.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America._状语u状语的种类:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。u修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.This material is environmentally friendly.He runs very slowly.Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. u几个并列状
14、语的先后顺序：方式地点时间 （一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但（一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式一般是：方式地点地点时间。）时间。）He worked hard at his lessons last year.指出下列划线部分属于什么状语指出下列划线部分属于什么状语1.How about meeting again at six? 2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 4.She put th
15、e eggs into the basket with great care. 5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 8.The boy needs a pen very much. 9.The boy really needs a pen. 10.He was so tired t
16、hat he fell asleep immediately. 11.She works very hard though she is old. 12.I am taller than he is. 13.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 14.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 15.Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 指出下列划线部分属于什么状语指出下列划线部分属于什么状语同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前
17、者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。We students should study hard. We all are students. Its good to us students. _简单句的五个基本句型u（主谓） She cameu（主谓宾） She likes English. u（主系表） She is happyu（主谓间宾直宾） She gave John a book She bought a book for me. u（主谓宾宾补） She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ） Ex.分析下列句子属于五种基本句型中的哪分析下列句子属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。一种。1.Dark clouds hung overhead. 2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. 3.He is smiling all over his face. 4.I did well in English. 5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.
