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1、HoldfasttodreamsForwhendreamsgoLifeisabarrenfieldFrozenwithsnowUnit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleftGoforitUnit10.BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.第一课时Language Goal: Narrate past events1a Discuss these questions in a group: 小组讨论这些问题：小组讨论这些问题：.What do you usually do in the morning
2、before school?Do you like morning? Why or why not? 1b Listen and match the sentence parts 1.By the time I got up, 2.By the time I got outside, 3.When I got to school, a. the bus had already left. b. My brother had already gotten in the shower. c. I realized I had left my backpack at home. 1.Bythetim
3、eIgotup,Mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower.1.BythetimeIgotup,2.By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 3.When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 2a Listen to Tina continue her story. Number the picture 1-4 in the correct order. 听蒂娜继续讲述她的故事。给听蒂娜继续讲述她的故事。给14图正确图
4、正确地排序。地排序。2a答案答案3 1 2 42b Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. Then listen again and check your answers.WhenI(1)_home(gethome),I(2)_(realize)I(3)_(leave)mykeysinthebackpack.BythetimeI(4)_(get)backtoschool,thebell(5)_(ring).。BythetimeI（6）_(walk)intoclass,theteacher(7)_(start)teachingalread
5、y2b Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms. Then listen again and check your answers.WhenI(1)got home(gethome),I(2) realized(realize)I(3) had left(leave)mykeysinthebackpack.BythetimeI(4)_got_(get)backtoschool,thebell(5)had rung (ring).。BythetimeI（6）walked (walk)intoclass,theteacher(7)had sta
6、rted (start)teachingalready.BythetimeI（6）walked (walk)intoclass,theteacher(7)had started(start)teachingalready.Language point1Past perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时构成：构成：had过去分词（过去分词（had没有人称没有人称和数的变化）和数的变化）过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。egI had
7、 finished my homework before supper 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。句中的supper既是过去某一时间，而had finished 这一动作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只说I had finished my homework听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。egBy the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps 到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是the end of tha
8、t year）egWhen we got there, the football match had already started 当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是when从句）动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加ed，特殊动词须特殊记忆，如：havehadhad，getgotgotten，beginbeganbegun，leaveleftleft，gowentgone等。E.g. She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month到上个月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。I ha
9、dnt learnt Japanese before I went to Japan我去日本之前没学过日语。注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。2when 和和by the time引导的时引导的时间状语从句间状语从句by the time 到时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。when当时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。egBy the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroomBythetimeshewentoutside,thebu
10、shadalreadygoneWhenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。（在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。）3 3How to narrate past events如何描述过去的事件如何描述过去的事件描述过去的事件，首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去，因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语（如在双引号“ ”之内），则根据当时的情况来决定。表示过去的时态有：（1）一般过去时：结构：动词的过去式（2）过去进行时：结构
11、：was / were 现在分词（3）过去完成时：结构：had过去分词（4）过去将来时：结构：would动词原形4get to 意为意为“到达到达”。例如：Whendidyougettherelastnight?你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？Igethomeat7:00everyday我每天7:00到家。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。辨析：get, arrive与reach这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即get
12、 to地点名词，arrive in / at地点名词（in之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。We reached here on foot我们步行到这儿的。How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的？I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。W
13、hen do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校？When will you arrive? 你什么时候到？2关于关于get的词组小结的词组小结get to school 到学校get into the shower 去洗澡get outside 到外边get home 到家get up 起床get married 结婚get dressed 穿好衣服get to class 到班级get bored 变得无聊get tired 变得疲劳第二课时3a Read the story and write the events in the
14、correct order.Iveneverbeenlateforschool,butyesterdayIcameveryclose.Myalarmclockdidntgooff,我上学从未迟到过，但昨天我差一点迟到了。我的闹钟没响，andbythetimeIwokeup,myfatherhadalreadygoneintothebathroomandIhadtowaitforhimtocomeout.所以等我醒来时，我的爸爸已经进入浴室了，我只好等他出来。I had to really rush. I took a quick shower, and had some breakfast,
15、and then ran off to the bus stop. 我不得不匆匆忙忙的。我匆忙洗了个澡， 吃点早餐， 然后朝车站跑去。Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.Istartedwalking,不幸的是，等我到达那里的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。我开始走，butIknewIcouldntgettoschoolontime.Luckily,myfriendTonyandhisdadcamebyinhisdadscarandtheygavemearide.但是我知道我不可能按时到校了,幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸乘坐他
16、爸爸的车路过，他们让我搭了车。WhenIgottoschool,thefinalbellwasringing.当我到达学校时，最后的铃声响了。Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.我刚好赶到教室里。3a答案答案1. alarm clock didnt go off 2. father went to bathroom 3. woke up lat 4. took shower 5. has some breakfast 6. bus left 7. ran to bus stop 8. started walking 9. got a ride with a friend 10.
17、bell ringing 11. got to school 12. go to class3b Now answer these questions. Describe the circumstances in which these things happened. Haveyoueveroverslept?你曾经睡过头过吗？Haveyoueverbeenlateforschool?你上学迟到过吗？Haveyoueverforgottentobringyourhomeworktoschool?你曾经忘记带作业而去上学吗？Haveyoueverlockedyourkeysinyourhous
18、e?你曾经把钥匙锁在屋里过吗？Haveyoueverforgottenarelativesbirthday?你曾经忘记过亲属的生日吗？Haveyoueverforgottenadoctorsordentistsappointment?你曾经忘记过和医生或牙医的约定吗？2a Dave, Nick, and Joe are talking about April Fools Day. Listen and write each persons name under his picture. 戴夫、尼克、和乔正在谈论愚人节。戴夫、尼克、和乔正在谈论愚人节。听录音，写出下图中每个人的名字。听录音，写出
19、下图中每个人的名字。a. No nameb. Joed. Dave2b Listen again. Who says each of the phrases below? Write “D” for Dave, “N” for Nick, and “J” for Joe. 再听一遍录音。下列每个词组是谁说再听一遍录音。下列每个词组是谁说的？戴夫说的写作的？戴夫说的写作“D”,尼克说的写尼克说的写“N”,乔说的写乔说的写“J”。1_ acostumeparty2._myalarmwentoff3._stayedupallnight4._wasexhausted5._reallyembarrass
20、ed6._theotherkidsshowedup1. D acostumeparty一个服装舞会2._N_myalarmwentoff我的警报铃响了3._Jstayedupallnight熬了通宵4._J_wasexhaustedJ精疲力竭5._D_reallyembarrassed的确尴尬6._N_theotherkidsshowedupJN另外些孩子出现LanguagepointIve never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive是Ihave的缩写，haveb
21、eenlate是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have/has动词过去分词。例如：Ihavebeenheresince1999自1999年以来我就在这儿。WehavelivedinJinanfor20years我们已经在济南住了20年了。Shehasntworkedfor2years她已2年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为意为“迟到迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。为介词，所以其后须跟名词。如：Dont be late for the meeting开会别迟到了。Jim was late
22、for school again吉姆上学又迟到了。Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。4My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。与go有关的词组还有：（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作
23、）“爱好”。例如：She goes in for birdwatching她爱好赏鸟。（2）go on“进行，继续”。例如：Please go on请继续。（3）go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做”。例如：He went on working without having a rest他一直工作，没停下来休息过。（4）go over“调查，视察；越过”。例如：You must go over your lessons before the exam考试前你必须复习。5and I had to wait for him to come out我不得不等他出来。
24、我不得不等他出来。（1）haveto意为“必须，不得不”如：Doyouhavetotakethetest?你必须考试吗？TomhastopracticespeakingChineseeveryday汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。辨析：辨析：have to 与与must这两个词都可以表示“必须”。haveto更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有haveto的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：It is raining, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里
25、。We must work hard我们必须努力工作。Lucy doesnt have to stand露茜不必站着。You mustnt play in the street你不能在街道上玩。（2）wait是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组waitforsb“等某人”，waittodosth“等着做某事”，waitforsbtodosth“等某人做某事”。例如：Whoareyouwaitingfor?你在等谁？Theycantwaittoopenthepresents他们迫不及待地打开礼物。Youcanwaitforhimtohelpyou你可以等着他帮你。6Unfortunat
26、ely, by the time I got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。unfortunately是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）unlucky（不幸的），use（用）useful（有用的），forget（忘记）forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）unfit（不合适的），fair（公平的）unfair（不公平的），kno
27、wn（闻名的）unknown（不闻名的）等。7Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。（1）comeby意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：Pleaseletthecarcomeby请让车过去。Goodjobsarenoteasytocomeby好工作不容易找到。与come有关的其他词组：come out”出来；开花；出版如：The moon has come out月亮出来了。Its too c
28、old for the flowers to come out天太冷了，花不开了。come about”发生，产生”如：Tell me how the accident came about告诉我事情是怎么发生的。come across“（偶然）发现，遇见”。例如：I came across his name on the list我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。come after”继之后，接而来”。例如：Sunday comes after Saturday星期天在星期六之后。come back”回来”。例如：When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？come to o
29、neself”苏醒，醒过来”。例如：At last, he came to himself最后他醒了。come from”来自”。例如：Julia comes from Australia朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。（2）give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如：Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。8I only just made it to my class我恰好到教室。我恰好到教室。make it
30、意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：Have you got the job? 你得到那份工作了吗？Yes, I made it是的，我成功了。9Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？（1）辨析：forgettodo与forgetdoingforgettodo指的是“忘了去做”，即该事还未做；而forgetdoing则指“忘了做了”，即该事已经做完,如：Dontforgettoturnofflightswhenyougoout出去时别忘了关灯。Sorry,Iforgot
31、tobringthebooksagain对不起，我又忘了带书来了。Lucyforgotlockingthedoor露茜忘了已锁了门了。TomforgotturningoffTV汤姆忘了关了电视了。（2）辨析：bring, takebring 意为“把拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take 意为“把拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：Please bring my English book here. 请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。You cant take these magazines home. 你不能把这些杂志拿回家。第三课时3a Which of these
32、 stories is the most believable? Why? Which is the least believable? Why? Would you be fooled by any of the stories?In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the Earth. 在1938年，一个由演员奥森威尔斯主持的广播节目宣布，来自火星的外星人已经登陆地球。 He described where they had landed an
33、d told how they were moving across the United Stares.他描述了他们在什么地方登陆,并告诉人们他们正在怎样席卷美国Welleswassoconvincingthathundredsofpeoplebelievedthestory,andpanicset威尔斯的话如此有说服力，以至于有数百人相信了这个故事，所以全国到处offacrossthewholecountry.Bythetimetheauthoritiesrevealedthatthestorywasahoax,一片惊慌。待到权威机构揭露这个故事是个骗局时thousandsofpeople
34、hadfieldfromtheirhomes.已经有数千人逃离了自己的家园。OneAprilFoolsDay,apersoninEnglandannouncedthattherewouldbenomorespaghettibecausethespaghettifarmersinItalyhadstoppedgrowingspaghetti一个愚人节时，一位美国记者宣布，后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了，因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产细面条的植物。.Manypeoplerantotheirlocalsupermarkettobuyasmuchspaghettiastheycould许多人跑到他
35、们当地的超市去尽可能多的购买意大利式细面条。.Bythetimepeoplerealizedthatthestorywasahoax,allofthespaghettiacrossthecountryhadbeenbought.等到人们意识到那个故事是个骗局时,全国的意大利式细面条都被买光了。AfamousTVstaronceinvitedhisgirlfriendontohisshowonAprilFoolsDay.一次，一位著名的电视明星邀请他的女友去参加愚人节的演出。Heaskhertomarryhim.Shewasthrilled,becauseshereallywantedtoget
36、married.他请求她嫁给他。她非常激动，因为她真的很想结婚。However, when she said Yes”,可是，当她说“愿意” “he replied “April Fool!” That little joke didnt have a very happy ending. 时，他回答说：“愚人节的傻瓜！” 那个小玩笑的结局并不令人快乐。 The TV star lost both his girlfriend and his show.那位电视明星既失去了他的女友又搞砸了他的节目。 3a答案答案The first story really happened. The radi
37、o program was called “ The War of the Worlds.”3b Write a magazine story about Nick in activities 2a and 2b. Use the notes below.写出一段写出一段2a和和2b中关于尼克的故事。中关于尼克的故事。注意使用下列注释。注意使用下列注释。What happened first:alarmwentoff/gotup/tookashower/gotdressed/wenttoschool首先发生什么事：首先发生什么事： 闹铃响了闹铃响了 / 起床起床 / 洗澡洗澡 / 穿衣服穿衣服
38、 / 去上学去上学/What happened next:gottoschool/schoolwasempty/anhourlater/otherkidsshowedup 接着发生的事：接着发生的事： 到学校到学校 / 学校空学校空了了 /一小时后一小时后 / 另外些孩子出现What he realized:hisbrother/fooledhim 他意识到了：他意识到了： 他的哥哥他的哥哥/ 愚弄了他愚弄了他3b答案答案On April Fools Day Nicks alarm went off. He got up and took a shower. Then he got dress
39、ed and went to school. When he got to school, the building was empty. An hour later the other kids showed up. Then he realized that his brother had fooled him. His brother had set his alarm and hour early.Languagepoint1WhathappenedtoDavidonAprilFoolsDay?愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？（1）happentosb意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。
40、例如：Whathappenedtoyou?你怎么了？WhathappenedtoJim?吉姆出什么事了？（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：表示“在节”用介词on；表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；一般用复数名词的所有格，如：TeachersDay教师节，ChildrensDay儿童节，WomensDay妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：MothersDay母亲节，FathersDay父亲节等。例如：Do you often go to parks on Childrens Day? 你们儿童节经常去公园吗？What do you usually do on
41、 New Years Day? 新年你们通常干什么？Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fools Day? 你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？2Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole countryWelles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。（1）So that句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此以至于” egThis bo
42、ok is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so形容词）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so副词）Sothat引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此以至于”的模式来译成汉语。egIt was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。（2）so that 主要用来
43、引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。egThey set out early so that they might arrive in time他们早早地出发以便按时到达。Lets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。（3）set off 意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：Theyll set off on a journey around the world他们将要出发环球旅行。Use
44、 blue eyeshadow to set off your green eyes用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。与set有关的其他词组：setaboutsth“开始，着手”。例如：Imustsetaboutmypacking我必须开始收拾行装了。setsbagainstsb“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如：Setyourselfagainsther跟她竞争。setin”开始”。例如：Therainyseasonhassetin雨季已开始了。setout”出发，启程”。setsthout”展示，陈列”。例如：Theysetoutatdawn他们在拂晓出发。Hesetsouthisideasclea
45、rlyinhisessay他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。setup”建立，设立”。例如：Thememorialwillbesetup纪念碑要建成了。3because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti辨析：stop doing 与stop to do stop doing 指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”，即停下来的目的是去做，也就是开始做。例如：Stop talking, lets begin our class不要讲话了，我们开始上课。You are too
46、fat and you must stop eating too much你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。Please stop to listen to me请停下来听我说。The mother stopped to look after her baby那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。4She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。（1）thrill为动词“震颤，使激动”，多用于被动语态bethrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如：Wewerethrilledwithjoy我们高兴极了。
47、Shewasthrilledatthegoodnews她听到那个好消息很兴奋。（2）want在此为动词“想，想要”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式todo。例如：Doyouwantanicecream?你想要个冰激凌吗？Iwantsomebreadandmilk我想要些面包和牛奶。TomwantstolearntoplayChinesechess汤姆想学下中国象棋。DoesLucywantstolearntodance?露茜想学跳舞吗？（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marrysb。另外，词组getmarried意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。bemarried也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如：JohnisgoingtomarryJane约翰要和简结婚了。Henrydidntmarryuntilhewasoverfifty亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。Whenareyougoingtogetmarried?你准备什么时候结婚？Wehavebeenmarriedfortenyears我们已经结婚十年了。Hisunclewillgetmarriednextmonth他叔叔下个月结婚。Thanksforwatching!Bye-bye!
