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1、 虚拟语气虚拟语气.概念概念:虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式， 用来表用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能未能实现实现以及在说话人看来以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小实现可能性很小的情况。的情况。 II.虚拟语气的特点：虚拟语气的特点： 虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。 III.虚拟语气的形式虚拟语气的形式 非真实条件句非真实条件句“should”类类“过去时及过去完成时态过去时及过去完成时态”类类非真实条件句非真实条件句 If 条件从句条件从句 主主 句句 1.与与现现在
2、事在事实实相反相反2.与与过过去事去事实实相反相反3.与将来事与将来事实实相反相反 注注: 虚拟语气中助动词虚拟语气中助动词be一律用一律用were，不用，不用waswould do sthshould/could/might would have done sthshould/could/might would do sthshould/could/mightIf sb did sthIf sb had done sthIf sb did sthshould do sthwere to do sth1.I dont have a car and Im not happy.2.Im not a
3、 bird. I cant fly.3.He doesnt take his teachers advice. He doesnt pass the exam.4.It is raining. We wont go for a picnic.1.表示与表示与现现在在 事事实实相反相反条 件 从 句主 句动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would (should, could, might)动词原形a) If I had a car, I would be very happyb) I would be very happy if I had a car, but I dont have
4、 one. a) If I were a bird, I could flyb) I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I cant fly. a) If he took his teachers advice, he might pass the exam. b) He might pass the exam but he doesnt take his teachers advice and he doesnt pass the exama) If it werent raining, we would go for a
5、 picnic.b) We would go for a picnic but it is raining. ( )1.If my father _ here now, he _tell me what to do. A. were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will( )2. If I _ a bee, I _ work much harder. A were, would B were, shall C had, will D have, should( )3. If I _ much money, I _ buy a house. A
6、have, will B had, should C had, will D have, should( )4. He _ learn more quickly if he _harder. A will, work B would, worked C would, work D will ,worked( )5. If I _ you, I _ do that. A was, wouldnt B were, wouldnt C am , wont D were, wont AABBBEx1.I didnt know her telephone number and I didnt call
7、her.2.He didnt come ten minutes earlier. So he didnt see the famous film star.3.I didnt take a taxi, for it is five minutes walk.2.表示与表示与过过去去 事事实实相反相反 条 件 从 句 主 句had 过去分词would (should, could, might)have过去分词a) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. b)I would have called her but
8、 I_ her telephone number.a) If he had come ten minutes earlier, he could have met that famous film star. b) He could have met that famous film star but he _ ten minutes earlier.c) I didnt know her telephone number, otherwise I _ her.c) He didnt come ten minutes earlier otherwise he _ that famous fil
9、m star. didnt knowwould have telephoneddidnt comecould have metIf it_ five minutes walk, I _ a taxi.werentwould have taken( )1.If you _ the doctors advice, you would have recognized already. A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed( )2. If my lawyer_ _here last Saturday, he _me from going.
10、 A had been , would have prevented B had been, would prevent C were, would prevent D were, would have prevented( )3.I _ if she _ me. A would have overslept , didnt call B would have overslept, hadnt called C overslept, hadnt called D would overslept, didnt call( )4.- If he _, he _that food. -Luckily
11、 he was sent to the hospital immediately. A was warned, would not take B had been warned, would not have taken C would be warned, had not taken D would have been warned, had not taken( )5. She _ to the party if she _ invited. A would have gone, had been B would go , was C would have gone, was D has
12、goneDABBA1.Im not twenty years old, so I wont take the computer course.2.I wont do so. Of course he wont feel surprised.3-.He says he will not come. -If he _, what _we _ (do) ?3.表示与将来表示与将来事事实实相反相反条 件 从 句 主 句动词过去式或should 动词原形或were to 动词原形would (should, could, might)动词原形If I were twenty years old, I w
13、ould take the course of computer science. I would take the computer course but I am not twenty years old. If I did so, she would feel very surprised should do were to do She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I wont do that, so she will not feel surprised. should comew
14、ould doEx.( )1) Its probable that it wont rain tomorrow. But if it _, I would still go to the park. A should rain B would rain C rains D had rained( )2.I dont think that I shall fail. But if I _, I would try again. A should fail B would fail C failed D had failed ( )3. _ tomorrow, what should we do?
15、 A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it raining注：书面语中“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用： 如果“if”从句中含有 “were, had ”或“should ”时, 则可省 略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ” 或“should” 移至主语之前。eg：1) Were I you (=If I were you ), I would . 2) Had they not come last time (=If they had not come last time), we would have d
16、one. 3) Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), she would AABA) suggest (建议) that sb (should )do sth insist order command require request demand prefer1)The teacher suggested we (should )finish the work at the end of next week. 3) The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surro
17、unded in the village before daylight. 2) His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the best- known university instead of some common ones. B) Its suggested that sb (should) do sth ordered required demanded decidedC) It is necessary / strange that sb (should) do sth important“should”类类The teacher sug
18、gested that the work _(finish) .be finishedCf. The expression on his face suggested that he _(be) unhappy. She insisted that her answer was right. wasIts (high) time that sb did sth should do sthwish that sb did sth had done sth could/would do would rather that sb did sth now/ tomorrow had done sth
19、( in the past) what ifIf only as if“过去时及过去完成时态过去时及过去完成时态”类类Its about time that you _ your store. A close B. closed C have closed D .had closedIts high time that he _ to think how to deal with the money. A. would begin B. began C. begin D. will begin - He would go to see you. - _ he did not come? A.
20、What if B. Where if C. What come D. why whetherBBA -Do you have a type writer? -No, but I wish I _. A. have B. had C. do D. had hadBExercises:( ) 1.I advised that sister _ at her desk all day. mustnt B not read C doesnt read D neednt read( )2. The situation required that China _ its door to the outs
21、ide world. A must open B should open C have to open D has to open ( )3. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday ,but I was short of money at that time. A must have brought B would have bought C had bought D would buy( )4-Do you want him to lend you some money? -I wish he _. A had B did C w
22、ould D should BBBC( )5. _he come , the problem would be settled. A Would B Should C. Shall D. If ( )6. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip. A. had better bring B would bring C brought D bring( )7.You _ the meeting held yesterday. Why are you absent? A had watched B might have
23、 watched C were to watch D would watch( )8.She didnt come yesterday, or you _him. A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see BDDB( )9._ you _last Wednesday, you might know it well now. A Were , to come B. If, came C. Had, come D. Did , come( )10.I was ill that day, otherwise I _the sport
24、s meet. A. would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in ( )11.She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A didnt read B wouldnt read C havent read D hadnt readCAD( )12.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if i
25、t _. A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken C( )13.We should have arrived sooner except we _ a flat tyre. A had B would C has not D has ( )14.-Why didnt you help him? -I would have_ I didnt have the money. A still B but C otherwise D or ( )15. I would rather she _ with her friends tha
26、t alone. A travel on train B traveled by train C travels by train D traveling by the train( )16.I would have invited her to the party but I _ her . A. hadnt met B. met C. didnt meet D. would meetABBCCf. But for his great help, we _ (finish) the task in time. couldnt have finished要不是要不是( )17.It was o
27、rdered that no smoking _ in the library. A was allowed B be allowed C would be allowed D had been allowed( )18. Would you have stayed with her_? A had she asked B if she asked C if she should ask D should she ask( )19. _ here, he would attend the lecture. A. Had he been B If he was C Were he D Was he ( )20.Without electricity, what _? A will the world be like B. would the world be like C. the world would be like D. the world will be likeBACB
