《CANADA地理文化政治经济英文介绍》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《CANADA地理文化政治经济英文介绍（60页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Canada Kelly Kelly Country CanadaLanguageEnglish & FrenchCapital cityOttawaLocation north of the USFlag red and white (a leaf) Interesting placesNiagara Falls & Rocky MountainsCanadaThe Pacific OceanThe Atlantic OceanCanada is in northern North AmericalocationOttawa The flag of Canada the national f
2、lower MapleNiagara Falls The landLakeSuperiorLakeHuronLakeOntarioLakeErieLake SuperiorLake SuperiorLake HuronLake HuronLake ErieLake ErieLake OntarioLake OntarioGreat Lakes Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and LabradorThe ten provinces Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Is
3、land Yukon Territory Quebec The three terrtiories Northwest Territory Nunavut Saskatchewan Lake Superior and Huron are the two largest lakes in Canada,about 82,100 sq km and 59,600 sq km,respectively.Manitoulin Island,an island in Lake Huron,also contains the worlds largest lake on island-Lake Manit
4、ourlin.Lake SuperiorHuronHouses on the Huron Bank There are four river systems in Canada according to the location of river estuaries: the Arctic (the largest in Canada ),the Pacific, the Atlantic,and the Hudson Bay system.ArcticPacificAtlanticHudson BayOld Montreal All the rivers and lakes in Canad
5、a can be All the rivers and lakes in Canada can be used for agricultural, industrial,urban,and used for agricultural, industrial,urban,and recreational purposes; also some of them can recreational purposes; also some of them can have special uses in commercial have special uses in commercial transpo
6、rtation.transportation. Canada is usually divided into six geographical regions:the Appalachian Mountains,the Great Lakes and St.Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Canadian Interior Plains, the Westen Cordillera,and the Canadian Arctic. St. Lawrence River St. Lawrence River Canada is famous
7、 for the size and number of its island.The largest island in Canada is Baffin Island (507,451 sq km) and it is also the fifth largest island in the world. The administrative regionalization of CanadaThe People The estimated population in 2006 was The estimated population in 2006 was 33,098,932,which
8、 is roughly the same as that 33,098,932,which is roughly the same as that of Shanxi province in China.And it has a of Shanxi province in China.And it has a population density of 3.6 person per sq population density of 3.6 person per sq km.km.（187th country in the world ).Canada is 187th country in t
9、he world ).Canada is made up of many immigrants.made up of many immigrants.1.5%11.5%20%27%40%PercentDifferent kinds of peopleThe EnglishThe FrenchOther EuropeansThe Aboriginal and InuitThe other racesThe InuitThe climate Canada is a country of vast coastline and diverse weather. The country is board
10、ed by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Frozen more than half of the year, Hudson Bay greatly influences Canadas climate, facilitating the southward penetration of cold arctic air. The Gulf Stream makes the southeast of Canada warmer, b
11、ut its effects are limited. The icy Labrador Current dramatically reduces the temperature in the northeast of the country. The climate varies in different Canadian provinces. The map of CanadaThe northern regions of Canada experience severe cold weather during the winter months, with average tempera
12、ture in the range of -25 to -35.In summer, the days are long and daily highs are often above 16.The history of CanadaThe three early exploration of CanadaNorwegian 1000ADEnglishmen (John Cabot ) 1497 Frenchmen (Jacques Cartier ) 1534 In 1754 - 1763 the French and Indian War or Seven Year War happene
13、d. The French and the English fought each other along with their Indian allies. And the result was that British conquest of Canada. Many questions and problems remained of how to assimilate the French people into this British territory. The Quebec Art (1774) & the Constitutional Act of (1791) gave F
14、rench Canadians more rights to practice their language and religion. On July 1,1867 the Constitution Act 1867 created ”One dominion under the name of Canada. ” Canada now had four provinces:Ontario, Quebec,Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The economyFor shortCountry membersTime6France、American、England
15、、The east of German、Japan、Italy1975年7Canada1976年8Russia1996年Canada is a member of the Group of 8 (G8),the eight countries of the world with the most powerful economies.Canada is rich in resources:ForestryMiningAgricultureFishing centersLand suppliesEast and west coastsRank123456789101112131415PlaceL
16、uxemburgNorwayIcelandDanmarkSwitzerlandSwedenAmericaHolandEnglandFinlandAustriaAustraliaCanadaGDP1022847915470754629765888357035567114706945594454294530144912443084273842553GatarIrelandAfter the Second World War, petroleum and natural gas accounted for a large proportion of Canadas export. With the
17、increase of the share of automobile vehicles in export, the technology of automobile manufacturing is also greatly enhanced. Indeed,Canada has one of the worlds highest ratios of goods exported to GDP:33.6 per cent. In both the goods sector and the service sector, Canadas imports exceed its exports.
18、Join the Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation，(APEC)To improve the development of economy, business trade, investment and cooperation with other countries.It was founded in the 1989s,and now has 21 members.ConstitutionThere has been no complete written constitution in Canada. British North America Act o
19、f 1867 (Core of the constitution) the constitutional amendments passed from 1867 to 1975 The Constitution of 1982The current constitution is composed of 3 main partsThe Canadian Constitution The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom seems to be an imitation of the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constit
20、ution.not only inherits the British tradition of unwritten constitutionbut also adopts the American experience of legislationThe Charter guarantees： 1.Fundamental freedoms to citizens2.The right to vote and seek election, to enjoy security of person, and to combat discrimination.3.It specifies the e
21、quality of the French, English and indigenous languages.Two principle of the Canadian Constitution1.The central government of Canada has exclusive jurisdiction over administration of currency and coinage, taxation.The provincial governments are authority over education, hospital, civil rights, taxat
22、ion for local purposes and local commerce. 2.The Canadian Constitution is responsible government, the government is held responsible to the people of Canada.The Canadian Constitution lays special emphasis on non-violence, social reform and progress.“peace, order and good government”The main reason w
23、hy Canadian society is more harmonious and stable than its southern neighbor.Government Organisation The Canadian government is a combination of parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. Governmental powers are divided between central or federal government and the provincial and territori
24、al government.United StatesCanadaCentral government is parallel to the local governmentsThe central government has more powers than the local governmentsGovernmentlegislatureexecutivejudiciaryParliament Prime MinisterSupreme Court of CanadaThe ParliamentMain function:Make the laws of Canada1)The Gov
25、ernor General Queen Elizabeth 2)House of Commons the Prime Minister3)An appointed SenateFunction: sign all the laws made by Parliament opens each session of Parliament reads the Speech from the Throne travels across Canada and to other countries to represent CanadaIt is elected by the people, so its
26、 the most powerful arm of government in Canada. There are 308 members.Function: to raise issues in the House that are of special concern in their ridings to help people in their ridings if they have problem with the governmentFunction: to balance the power of the elected House of Commons to protect
27、the interests of Canadas regionsThe Parliament Buildings in OttawaThe prime Minister The leader of the party that forms the government becomes the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the executive head of government. Elections are held every five years.The Prime Minister has a great deal of power
28、and influence.1)To set the policy of the government and determine what legislation should be passed.2)To control all the functions of the federal government, including budget allocations.3)To name the Cabinet ministers and also recommends appointees to the civil service, Senate, and judiciary.The cu
29、rrent Prime Minister in Canada Stephen Harper Party PoliticsThe dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century were the Progressive Conservatives and the Liberals.（1） Progressive Conservatives :generally favored a free market, fiscal responsibility, and limits on state power.
30、The leader: Stephen Harper （2）Liberal Party：the Opposition. Founded in 1873. generally associated with a big government, they advocate greater government involvement in the economy. They regarded as the party most open to immigration. The leader: Paul Martin. （3）New Democratic Party: was evolved fro
31、m Canadian labour and socialist movements, support programmes to increase social and economic equality. The leader: Jack Layton.（4）Bloc Qubcois: was formed to protect Qubec interests and strive for Qubec independence. The leader: Gilles Duceppe. And there are some other political parties, such as Ca
32、nadian Alliance and Progressive Canadians. Canadas system of political parties is characterized by one-party rule. It means that one major party usually can win many elections and dominate Canadian politics for so long that it becomes the main ruling party.Bilingualism and MulticulturalismCanadian s
33、ociety is regarded as a “mosaic” of cultures Why? Canada is the first one to carry out multicultural policies and one of the few bilingual countries. In many ways, Canadian culture is a combination of European and North American heritage. Most Canadians are either of French or British origin. Most o
34、f them can speak both English and French. The Official Language Act(1969) stated that both English and French were to be official language throughout Canada. Although Canada is a bilingual country, is has been settled by people from all parts of the world. Many of these groups have maintained their
35、customs and language in Canada. In 1972, a minister for multiculturalism was appointed. Since then, numerous committees and advisory bodies have been set up throughout Canada to organize multicultural programmes.MulticulturalismWelfare Canadas welfare program enjoy good reputation around the world.
36、It has a more extensive and expensive social welfare system than the U.S. Canada has established a new system of social rights, a set of claims for protection from the insecurities of modern society. Here are some parts of social welfare: Canada Child Tax Benefit Employment Insurance& Unemployment I
37、nsurance Canada Pension Plan Old age Security Guaranteed Income Supplement Social Assistance Disability protection Maternity welfare Health care is primarily the responsibility of the province. More than 90% of the hospitals and doctors care is universal in Canada. Its Medicare system and medical fa
38、cilities are the best in the world.Education Canadas education is also highly developed. As a federal country, Canadas thirteen education systems are established by 13 legislatures of the provinces and territories. The provincial governments have the power to interfere, control or guide education in
39、 the respective areas of the province. Despite the lack of strong federal direction and the different geographic, economic and social conditions, the thirteen educational systems are unique in their own ways.Environment Canada is well-known for its efforts to protect the environment, leading the wor
40、ld in ecological preservation.The attitudes toward environmentFirst, the Canadian government focused on protecting forests and grasslands.Second, land and cultural sites became the targets of protection in succession.Since 1960s, Canada has concentrated its attention on the balance of ecology.The ch
41、anges caused by the development of the country.EcoACTIONEcoAGRICULTUREEcoENERGY for IndustryEcoTRANSPORT Renewable Fuels for a Greener Future The governments comprehensive strategy for renewable fuels has four components: Increasing the retail availability of renewable fuels through regulation Suppo
42、rting the expansion of Canadian production of renewable fuels Assisting farmers to seize new opportunities in this sector Accelerating the commercialization of new technologies Natural Resources Canadas ecoENERGY for Industry program is designed to improve industrial energy intensity and reduce ener
43、gy-related industrial greenhouse gases and air pollution. The ecoTRANSPORT Strategy is part of the Government of Canadas ambitious agenda to protect our environment and the health of Canadians and to further our economic prosperity. Sports A wide variety of sports are played in Canada. Ice hockey is
44、 Canadas official winter sport and continues to be the most popular sport and one in which teams representing the country have had the most international success.Next to hockey, curling is quintessentially Canadian sportLacrosse is Canadas oldest sport and official summer sportThere are also many ot
45、her sports popular in Canada.Food Canadians like sweet and sour, non-fat and not-to-hot food and ungreasy soup.They do not add apices while cooking. Aside from the fried or roasted beef, mutton, or chicken steak, they also like game, but they do not eat entails or fat.Festival in CanadaVictoria Day May 24thCanada Day July 1stChristmas Day December 25thThanksgiving Day The second Monday in OctoberRemembrance Day November 11thBoxing Day December 26thMaple Syrup Festival Canadian traditional festivalCarnaval de Qubec Canadian Tulip Festival -The End-
