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1、Unit 4 Why People Worki iLead-inWhy do people work, apart from earning a living? Lead-in Famous Sayings:1.Work is the grand cure for all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind. (Thoas Carlyle, British historian) 工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。(英国历史学家英国历史学家 卡莱尔卡莱尔.T.)2. Work banishes
2、those three great evils: boredom, vice ,and poverty. (Voltaire, French Philosopher) 工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊，堕落和贫穷。(法国哲学家法国哲学家 伏尔泰伏尔泰)3.To youth I have three words of counsel -work, work and work. (Otto Btismarck, Greman statesman) 对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词对于青年，我的忠告只有三个词工作，工作，工作。工作，工作，工作。(德国政治家德国政治家 俾斯俾斯麦
3、麦.O.)Lead-in 4.I do not like work -no man does -but I like what is in the work -the chance to find your self. (Conrad Joseph, British novelist)我不喜欢工作我不喜欢工作没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中找到发现自找到发现自己的机会。己的机会。(英国小说家英国小说家 约瑟夫约瑟夫.C.)5.One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is t
4、he belief that ones .work is terribly important, and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster, If I were a medical man , I should precribe a holiday to many patient who consicered his work important. (Bernard Russell, British philosopher)神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果神经即将崩溃的症状
5、之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。(英国哲学家英国哲学家 罗素罗素.B.)6.To do great work a man must be very idle as well as very industrious. (Samuel Bubler, American educator) 要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常空闲。要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常勤劳又非常空闲。(美国教育家美国教育家 勃特勒勃特勒.S.)Lead-in Wordpretest1. There was
6、 a smile of contentment on the teachers face when he saw the students performance in the speech contest. A. Irony- the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect反话，讽刺B. confusion -uncertainty about what is happening, i
7、ntended, or required不确定；疑惑C. satisfaction- fulfilment of ones wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived from this满意，满足 contentment -noun.a state of happiness and satisfaction满意；满足Wordpretest2.He gradually accumulated a large number of books. A.collected- adjective.(of a person) not per
8、turbed or distracted（人）镇静的；泰然自若的 B. appreciated- appreciableprib()ladjective.large or important enough to be noticed大得（或重要得）可察觉到的，相当可观的 C. wrote Accumulated-gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of聚集；积累Wordpretest3.Many philosophers spend much of their time in contemplation. A.
9、 debating- debate:argue about (a subject), especially in a formal manner争论，讨论 B. thinkingC. writing Contemplation-noun.the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time注视，凝视Wordpretest4.A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. A.provide- verb.make available for use; s
10、upply提供，供应；供给 B. carry out -If youcarry outa threat, task, or instruction, you do it or act according to it. 实行 C. develop - verb.grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborate（使）成长，发育；发展Fulfill-verb.bring to completion or reality; achieve or realize (something desired, promise
11、d, or predicted)完成，使应验；实现（愿望，诺言，预言）Wordpretest5.There was no compulsion on him to go with her. He could stay at home if he liked. A.requirementB. suggestion C. force - noun.strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement力，力量compulsion -noun.the action or state of forcing or being f
12、orced to do something; constraint（被）强迫，（被）强制Wordpretest6.He has been exerting pressure on me to change my mind. A.putting B. adding C. lifting -v.raise to a higher position or level抬起，举起Exert-verb.apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality)运用（力）；施加（影响）；发挥（品质）E.g. the moon exerts a force
13、on the Earth 月球对地球施加作用力 exerting influence over the next generation 对下一代施加影响Wordpretest7.The tired old man craved for water and sleep. A.desired B. asked C. begged-beg: verb.ask someone earnestly or humbly for something恳求某人给予 Crave-verb.feel a powerful desire for (something)渴望；热望Wordpretest8.Each pe
14、rson has his unique fingerprints. A.interesting B. only C. special Unique-adjective.being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else独一无二的；独特的Wordpretest9.Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming? A.responsible for B. related to C. caused by Attr
15、ibute-verb.regard something as being caused by 把归因于；把归咎于E.g. he attributed the firms success to the efforts of the managing director 他把公司的成就归功于总经理的努力Wordpretest10.Vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet. A.medicine - B. ingredient - noun.any of the foods or substances that are
16、 combined to make a particular dish配料，原料C. replacement- n,the action or process of replacing someone or something替代，更换；复位substitute-n.a person or thing acting or serving in place of another代替物; v.use or add in place of用代替 E.g. I found someone to substitute for me 我找到了一个人接替我Customs officers substitut
17、ed the drugs with another substance海关官员用另外一种东西替换了毒品 Text 1 Why People WorkGlobal reading:1.Skim the text and find out the main ideaWork contributes a lot to human satisfation.2.Scan the passage and answer the multiple choice questions on page 54. Answer: CAACCBBB Text 1 A History of Music in America
18、Global reading:3. Structure of the textp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.p.3-6: why people do not relate work with human satisfaction. p.6: transitionp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential, while the absence of work is frightening. p.9-12:why should work be such a
19、significant source of human satisfaction? p.13:Conclusion PART ONElMain idea:lp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.PART ONElWhat can jobs and work provide for people?Language PointslIf there were, in fact, some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction
20、of the major human institutions in society, I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share. L1l实实际际上上,如如果果能能够够计计算算出出人人类类社社会会主主要要的的风风俗俗制制度度对对人人们们获获得得的的满满足足所所作作的的贡贡献献，那那我我想想工工作作制制度度的的贡贡献献会会比比意意料料中大。中大。Language Pointsadd up (adding,added,adds):PHRASAL VERB If you add up numb
21、ers or amounts, or if you add them up, you calculate their total. 把把加起来加起来E.g.Add up the total of those six games. 把那场比赛的总分加起来。把那场比赛的总分加起来。 We just added all the numbers up and divided one by the other. 我们只是把所有的数加起来，然后用一个除以另一个。我们只是把所有的数加起来，然后用一个除以另一个。Language Pointsinstitution /nsttjun/ CET4 TEM4N-C
22、OUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a large important organization such as a university, church, or bank. 机构机构E.g.financial institutions. 金融机构。金融机构。Language PointslIf there were, in fact, some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society, I would g
23、uess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share. L1l实实际际上上,如如果果能能够够计计算算出出人人类类社社会会主主要要的的风风俗俗制制度度对对人人们们获获得得的的满满足足所所作作的的贡贡献献，那那我我想想工工作作制制度度的的贡贡献献会会比比意意料料中大。中大。Language Pointslintangible /ntndbl/lthat cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped; indefinable 难难以以捉捉摸摸的的; 难难以以理理
24、解解的的; 无无法法确确定的定的: lE.g.The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it. l那座古老建筑物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛。那座古老建筑物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛。l他们俩的感情说不清道不明。他们俩的感情说不清道不明。lTheir relationship is quite intangible.Language PointslWell-being:N-UNCOUNTSomeoneswell-beingis their health and happiness. 健康快乐lE.g.：Singing can
25、create a sense of well-being.l唱歌能产生一种幸福感。Language Pointsl分析：这是一个主从复合句。分析：这是一个主从复合句。lto which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being 是是 extent 的的定定语从句。语从句。lthat can make the difference between a full and an empty life 是是 psychological well-being 的定语从句。的定语从句。lint
26、angible，crucial 和和 psychological 这这三三个个形形容容词词很很容容易易被被误误认认为为是是平平行行结结构构，事事实实上上，intangible，crucial是是修饰修饰 psychological well-being 的。的。l翻翻译译本本句句不不能能用用直直译译，例例如如extent 就就不不能能直直接接译译出出来来。故采用意译为主。故采用意译为主。l PART TWOlMain idea:lp.3-5why people do not relate work with human satisfaction. Historical reasons: a.t
27、he Greeks b.The Middle AgeslWhy is it a surprise to learn that work has positive contribution to the individuals happiness?Cultural NotesPlatol(?427-347BC) an ancient Greek philosopher, who had a very great influence on European philosophy. He explained his ideas in the form of written conversations
28、. His teacher was Socrates, and after Socrates death he established a school called the Academy, where Aristotle was one of his students. His most famous work is The Republic, about the perfect state and form of government. Language PointsRestrict /rstrkt/V-TIf yourestrictsomethingtoa particular gro
29、up, only that group can do it or have it. Ifyourestrictsomethingtoa particular place, it is allowed only in that place. 限定 E.g.：Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.董事们已经决定把大学入学率限定在申请人数的30左右。accumulate/kjumjlet/CET4 TEM4(accumulating,accumulated,accumul
30、ates)gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of (sth); get (sth) in this way 积积累累, 聚聚积积（某某物物）; 聚聚集而成（某事物）集而成（某事物）: E.g. accumulate enough evidence to ensure his convictionl搜集足够的证据以给他定罪搜集足够的证据以给他定罪 l By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. l她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产她由於投资精明而积蓄了一
31、笔财产. lcompulsion / kmpln/ n (to do sth) l U compelling or being compelled 强迫强迫; 强制强制; 被迫被迫: lI refuse to act under compulsion. l我决不能让人逼着做事. l C urge (esp to behave in an irrational way) that one cannot resist （不不能能克克制制的的）欲欲望望, 冲冲动动, 要要求求（尤尤指指不合情理的行为）不合情理的行为）: la compulsion to destroy thingsl 毁物欲PART
32、 THREElMain idea:lp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential, while the absence of work is frightening. lWhy do institutions dealing with mental health problems establish workshop?lWhat are the effects of the absence of work?Language Pointslrenew/rnju/CET4 TEM4(renewing,renewed,renews)l1.V-TIf yourenewan
33、 activity, you begin it again. 重新开始lE.g.：He renewed his attack on government policy toward Europe.l他重新开始抨击政府的欧洲政策。l2.V-TYou can say that somethingis renewedwhen it grows again or is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost. 获得新生; (遭毁坏或损失后) 再生lE.g. ：Natures repair process is slow and steady, with
34、 cells being constantly renewed.l自然的修复过程缓慢而稳定，在此过程中细胞不断再生。Language Pointslacute/kjut/CET4 TEM4l1.ADJYou can useacuteto indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense. 严峻的lE.g.：The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis.l这场战争加剧了一场严峻的经济危机。lThe report has caused acute
35、embarrassment to the government.l这份报告使政府极其尴尬。PART FOURlMain idea:lp.9-12: A sense of accomplishment in work is a significant source of human satisfaction. lWhat can wealthy people get from their work?lAccording to the passage, what can enrich our personality and make use of ourselves?lstimulate/stmj
36、let/lCET4 TEM4(stimulating,stimulated,stimulates)l1.V-TTostimulatesomething means to encourage it to begin or develop further. 鼓励; 刺激lE.G.：Americas priority is rightly to stimulate its economy.l美国的首要任务自然是刺激经济。l attributable L52l/ trbjtbl/ adj pred 作作表表语语 to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可归
37、属或归因於某人某事物: lE.g.Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo? l 这幅画是米开朗琪罗画的吗？lattribute l/ trbjt/ v Tn.pr sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth 归因于: l He attributes his success to the help of his wife. l他认为能成功是由於他老婆的帮助.PART FIVElp.13: Conclusion lCan we gain an
38、equivalent amount of pride and fulfillment if we do not work? Why?lIt is probably not much more sensible to ask the question about working to live and living to work than it is to play the “live-to-eat or eat-to-live” theme. L56l问有关为活而工作和为工作而活的问题跟讨论“为吃而生存或为生存而吃”的主题相比，高明不到哪去。 Text 1 Why People WorkPo
39、st reading:Reading comprehension: Answer: CAACCBBB Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:Use of english:Go off:1.PHRASAL VERBIf an explosive device or a gungoes off, it explodes or fires. (炸弹炸弹) 爆炸爆炸; (枪枪) 开击开击2.PHRASAL VERBIf an alarm bellgoes off, it makes a sudden loud noise. (警报器警报器) 突发巨响突发巨响3.PHRA
40、SAL VERBIf an electrical devicegoes off, it stops operating. (电气设备电气设备) 停止运作停止运作 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:Go over:PHRASAL VERBIf yougo overa document, incident, or problem, you examine, discuss, or think about it very carefully. 仔仔细检查细检查e.g.I wont know how successful it is until an accou
41、ntant has gone over the books.我要等到会计仔细查看了账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。我要等到会计仔细查看了账目后才会知道盈利状况如何。Go back on:HRASAL VERBIf yougo back ona promise or agreement, you do not do what you promised or agreed to do. 背离背离 (诺言、协议等诺言、协议等)e.g.：The budget crisis has forced the president to go back on his word.预算危机已迫使该总统背离了自己的承诺。
42、预算危机已迫使该总统背离了自己的承诺。 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english: Go round:四处走动；供应；（消息）流传四处走动；供应；（消息）流传 Go out of business:停止经商，歇业；生意失败停止经商，歇业；生意失败 Go from bad to worse:(处境、行为、病情等处境、行为、病情等)越来越坏，越来越糟，越来越坏，越来越糟，每况愈下每况愈下 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:1.By the time I opened the can its contents had gone
43、off.2.Ill go over how it works before you try it yourself.3.I was told that it would be repaired free of charge, but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.4.The book was so popular that there werent enough copies to go around.5.His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.6.Trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off. Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:STEMS: B A D A A C Unit 4 Work Section B :ACB FTF ACD BCB TFT Unit 4 Work Section C : FTFTFTFTFT Thank you!
