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1、 语法语法 Grammar 名词 n.（一）概述（一）概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom ,Gina地方名称 China, London ,England职业称呼 teacher, doctor ,worker物品名称 pencil, dictionary ,pencil-case行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar （二）名词的分类（二）名词的分类专有名词 &普通名词可数名词 &不可数名词1专有名词专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。主要指
2、人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。如：如：Mary，Beijing，Americans,English，May,Saturday,EasterGonewiththeWind 2普通名词普通名词 除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如： boy，classroom，book, bag, aunt, family, juice, milk, age, childhood分类：专有名词（） or 普通名词（）？Saturday,tea,Zhanghua,rain,WestLake，enemy,computer,beauty,Mrs.Greenweather,peace,ice-cream,Russ
3、ians,JourneytotheWest 1.可数名词（ countable noun）/ C 可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：如：如：如：book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,day,zooday,zoo2.不可数名词（ uncountable noun）/ U 不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不可以分清个体，不
4、能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如如如如:water,milk,coffee,tea,:water,milk,coffee,tea, rice,breadrice,bread, work,study,work,study,lovelove分类：可数名词（） or 不可数名词（）？boy, knife, peace, potato, wind, tomato, hero, music, pleasure, map, radio, technology, desk, egg当然，也有特殊的哦！1.既可以当
5、可数名词又可以当不可数名词：既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：可数可数不可数不可数glasspapertimeorangeadvicetiniron玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃玻璃报纸，试卷报纸，试卷纸张纸张次数，时代次数，时代时间时间橙，橘子橙，橘子橙汁，橙色橙汁，橙色劝告劝告;建议建议 通知，公函，消息通知，公函，消息锡锡 罐头罐头铁铁 熨斗熨斗 在中文是可数，英文却不可数：在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：如：money， bread，hair，meat， furniture，rice ，news因此，平时因此，平时要多积累哦要多积累哦！可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化：规则变化：一般情
6、况一般情况在词尾加在词尾加-s：deskdesks ；daydays； girlgirls 以以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词结尾的词在词尾加在词尾加-es： bus buses； boxboxes； watchwatches以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词变变y为为I再加再加-es： familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词变变f或或fe为为v再加再加-es: knifeknives; lifelives; wifewives; halfhalves Important !Lets practice!I.
7、写出下列名词的复数形式： 1.house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 7. dish _ 8. family _ 9. boy _ 10. monkey _ 11. box _ 12. knife _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. leaf_ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatch
8、es2.不规则变化：不规则变化：1）以）以o结尾加结尾加-es：potatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes NegroNegroes2)字母字母a变变e:manmen,womanwomen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,policeman-policemen3)字母字母oo变变ee:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese但：但：GermanGermanshumanhumans4)单复数同形：单复数同形：sheepsheep,deerdeer,fishfishChinese-Chinese,JapaneseJapanesecattl
9、ecattle5)其他：其他：childchildren,mousemice,mediummedia,basisbases不同国籍的人的复数形式：1）加-s:Australian Australians Russian RussiansItalian Italians Greek GreeksAmerican Americans Indian IndiansCanadian Canadians German Germans2)变变a为为e：Englishman EnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmen3）单复数同形：）单复数同形：Chinese Chinese Japanes
10、e JapaneseSwiss Swiss Exercises!1. match _ 2. man _ 3. German _ 4. tomato _5. policeman _ 6. kilo _ 7. human _ 8. potato _ 9. Chinese _ 10. shelf _11. Japanese _ 12. American_13. life _ 14. tooth _15. wife _ 16. foot _ 17. knife _ 18. sheep _19. half _ 20.key_matchesmenGermanstomatoespolicemenkilosh
11、umanspotatoesChineseshelvesJapaneseAmericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalveskeys3.3.3.3.合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式： 有有主体时，主体变为复数主体变为复数 father-in-law fatherfather-in-law fathers s-in-law (-in-law (岳父，公公）岳父，公公）岳父，公公）岳父，公公）无无主体时，结尾加结尾加“ s s ” grown-up grown-up grown-up grown-ups s （成年人
12、）（成年人）（成年人）（成年人） go-between go-betweengo-between go-betweens s （媒介者媒介者媒介者媒介者; ; ; ;中间人）中间人）中间人）中间人） 如果其中有如果其中有manman或者或者womanwoman，则两个都要变复数，则两个都要变复数 woman doctor womwoman doctor wome en doctorn doctors s man doctor m man doctor me en doctorn doctors sCan you try?把下列名词变复数形式：looker-on woman singer sis
13、ter-in-law man cookpasser-by housewifebride-to-be woman doctorschoolroomlookers-onwomen singerssisters-in-lawmen cookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-bewomen doctorsschoolrooms名词 n.Period 21、orange_ 2、class_ 3、text _ 4、monkey_ 5、piano_ 6、child_ 7、shelf _ 8、bed_ 9、country_ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _
14、 13、Japanese_14、radio_ 15、photo_ 16. army_ 17.cattle_ 18.Australian_Brainstorm!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliestoysfeetJapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleAustraliansLets learn more!不可数名词的量的表达：不可数名词的量的表达：可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量可
15、以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量, ,如如如如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof一张纸一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米一包大米abagofrice十包大米十包大米tenbagsofrice* *可数名词也可以这样表达量可数名词也可以这样表达量可数名词也可以这样表达量可数名词也可以这样表达量, ,但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges也就是短语里面可数名词可数名词要变复数的都
16、变复数哦！常用量词总结a glass of 一玻璃杯 a cup of 一杯a bottle of 一瓶 a bag of 一包，一袋a box of 一盒；一箱 a piece of 一张(一片,块)a kilo of 一公斤；一千克a basket of 一篮 a pair of 一对，一双，一副a group of 一群，一队，一组Lets try!1、三杯水 2、五杯茶 3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜 6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶 8、五块肉 9、一副眼镜 three glasses of waterfive cups of teaa kilo of ricetwenty boxe
17、s of booksthree baskets of vegetableseight pairs of shoesten glasses of milkfive pieces of meata pair of glasses名词所有格：名词所有格：1)1)一般情况加一般情况加一般情况加一般情况加 -s-s：childrenchildrenssbooksbooks儿童图书儿童图书儿童图书儿童图书todaytodaysspaperpaper今天的报纸今天的报纸今天的报纸今天的报纸(2)(2)带词尾带词尾带词尾带词尾-s-s的复数名词只加的复数名词只加的复数名词只加的复数名词只加 ()()：girl
18、sgirls schoolschool女子学校女子学校女子学校女子学校 theSmithstheSmiths carcar史密斯家的小汽车史密斯家的小汽车史密斯家的小汽车史密斯家的小汽车（3 3）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：TomTomssandJimandJimssroomrooms s 汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆( (各自各自各自各自) )的房间的房间的房间的房间TomandJimTomandJimssroomroom汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆( (共同共同共同共同) )的房间的房间的房间的房间一一.用名词所有格填空：用名词所有
19、格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir_home.(grandparents)2.The_shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy_cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_stables.(horses)Exercisesgrandparentsboys/boysmensfriendshorses6.Doyouknowwherethis_handbagis?(lady)7.Manyofmy_houseswererobbed.(neighbors)8.Th
20、e_uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe_toys.(children)ladysneighborsplayerschildrens1._roomisnexttotheirparents.1._roomisnexttotheirparents.A.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanA.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoan2.June1is_.2.June1is_.A.childrensdayB.childrensD
21、ayA.childrensdayB.childrensDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrensdayC.ChildrensDayD.Childrensday3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.A.LiMingB.LiMingsA.LiMingB.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMings4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.A.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelley
22、sA.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelleysC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelleyC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelley 二.选择填空：+English is spoken by many people in the world. 主语主语主语主语+This is a pencil-box. 表语表语表语表语+I like English, but I like Chinese better. 宾语宾语宾语宾语+Our English teacher is drinking water. 定语定语定
23、语定语+Mr. Black, our teacher, is from England. 同位语同位语同位语同位语+I am going to see a film this evening. 状语状语状语状语+Miss Wang is considered a good teacher. 补语补语补语补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语名词的功能名词的功能Exercises P331.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语6.6.定语定语7.7.补语补语Review：一一.变复数变复数： 1. Chinese _ 2. shelf _ 3.
24、 Russian _ 4. American_ 5. life _ 6. tooth _7. deer _ 8. piano_9.mouse_ 10.goose_11.hero_ 12.Swiss_ChineseshelvesRussiansAmericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesSwiss一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一公斤；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组a glass of二、常用量词总结a cup ofa bottle ofa bag ofa box ofa piece ofa kilo ofa bas
25、ket ofa pair ofa group of1.TodayisSeptember10th.Its_Day.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.TeachersD.Teacher2.Thisis_ball.Itsnot_.A.theboys,girlsB.theboys,thegirlsC.theboy,thegirlD.boys,girls3.Thisyear,_isonMay9th.A.mymothersbrithdayB.mymothersbrithdayC.mymothersbrithdayD.mymotherssbrithday4.Theseare_books.LiLinb
26、oughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore.A.LiLinsandJillB.LiLinandJillsC.LiLinsandJillD.LiLinsandJills 三三、名名词词所所有有格格动词动词v.语法 Grammar动词的基本形式动词的基本形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词Important！第三人称单数:1 1在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-s -s runruns runruns 2 2以以ch, sh, s, ch, sh, s, o o, x, x结尾的动词后加结
27、尾的动词后加-es -es teachteachesteachteacheswashwasheswashwashesgogoes gogoes passpasses passpasses 3 3以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y结尾的动词，先将结尾的动词，先将y y变为变为i i，再加，再加-es -es trytries trytries fly fliesfly flies过去式与过去分词（规则变化） 1.1.在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-ed;-ed; 词尾有词尾有e e的加的加-d.-d. work-workedwork-workedlike-likedlike-liked2.2.以辅音字母
28、以辅音字母+y+y结尾的动词，先将结尾的动词，先将y y变变为为i i再加再加-ed -ed carry-carriedcarry-carriedstudy-studiedstudy-studied3 3以重读闭音节以重读闭音节一个辅音字母一个辅音字母结尾的结尾的动词，先双写再加动词，先双写再加-ed -ed stop-stoppedstop-stoppedrob-robbedrob-robbedExercises按要求写出动词的形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分
29、词过去分词原形原形washeswashing washedwashedmatchesmatching matched matchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmakingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatches watching watched watchedguessesguessing guessedguessed 9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去
30、式过去式过去分词过去分词studiesstudied studiedstudyingfinishes finishing finished finishedgoesgoingwentgonesnows snowing snowed snowedcarries carrying carriedcarriedteaches teachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsaidsaid动词Period 2&3Letsreviewwhatwelearnedyesterday! e原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词
31、destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworriesworryingworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwashes washing washedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescoming camecomedestroyed动词的时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时1、一般现在时的标志词： every时间状语（如时间状语（
32、如everyday）,onSundays,attheweekend,often,always,sometimes,usually，没标志没标志等。如：She does her homework every day. My father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般过去时的标志词： yesterday;“in+过去年、月份过去年、月份”，last短语；短语；ago短语；短语；justnow,once(从前从前)。如：I went to see a film yesterday. She worked in that factory last year.用适当的
33、动词形式填空：Exercises 1.There_atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)2.Peopleusually_(eat)dinnerintheevening.3.Hissisteralways_(go)toschoolat7:00a.m.4.TomandMary_(come)toChinalastmonth.5.JennyandDannysometimes_(play)gamesintheafternoon.6.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.waseatgoescameplaydidntgo7.Mymothe
34、r_(notdo)houseworkyesterday.8.She_(notvisit)heraunttwodaysago.9.There_(be)noonehereamomentago.10.LinTao_(like)hisnewsweater.11.There_(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡家乡)in1940.12.Where_you_(have)luncheveryday? didntdodidntvisitwaslikeswerentdohave3、 一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning);next时间状语；时间状语；soon;“i
35、n+一一段时间段时间”；“in+未来年、月份未来年、月份”；beforelongMary will go shopping tomorrow.Jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、 现在进行时的标志词：now;thesedays;look(at);listen(to)等等Look! The cat is chasing the mouse.My sister is doing her homework now.Exercises!1.He _(come) back in a week.2.She_(be)a conductor of a tr
36、ain soon.3.Listen! She _(sing )in the classroom.4. Li Ming _(be) ten years old next year.5.Look!The boy over there _(play) a model plane.6.China _(become) a modern and strong country before long.willcomewillbeissingingwillbeisplayingwillbecome7.We often_(buy)books and things like that in the shop. 8
37、.I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.9.-What are you doing? -I_(do) my homework.10. The day after tomorrow they _(watch) a volleyball match.11.They _(hold) a birthday party this Sunday.12._you _(work) hard from now on?buywillleavewillfinishleaveamdoingwillwatchwillholdWi
38、llwork5、现在完成时的标志词：already;yet;just;ever;never;“for+一段时间一段时间”，“since短语或从句短语或从句”等I have already spent all of my money. We have seen that film before. Exercises!1.Ialready(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.you(be)toHongKong?Yes,I_(be)theretwice.4.Myfatherjust(come)backfrom
39、work.Heistirednow.5.WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.haveseenHasfinishedHavebeenhavebeenhascomehasgonesaw6.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.7.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.8.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.haveworkedmovedhavemadehavestayedRemember?What have we learned?Lets review aga
40、in!Exercises 用动词的适当形式填空：用动词的适当形式填空：1.Tom_(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.2.I_(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.3._youruncle_(have)ameetinglastFriday?4.Howmanyclasses_you_(have)everyday?5.Itssevenintheevening,Tomsfamily_(watch)TV.6.Listen!Who_（sing）inthenextroom?doesntlistenwillcomeDidhavedohavearewatc
41、hingissinging7.Dontmakeanoise.Grandma_（sleep）8.Sometimeshe_（help）hismotherwiththehousework.9.We_(have)ameetingatthattime.10.Tom_(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.11.MrWang_(teach)usmathssince199012._yourfather_(go)toworkbybikeeveryday?issleepinghelpswerehavingdidnthavehastaughtDoesgo1.Dontturnoffth
42、elightI_areportnow.A.havebeenreadingB.readC.amreadingD.haveread2.John_thefirstpartyinhislifetomorrownight.A.isgivenB.isgivingC.hasgivenD.hasbeengiving3.Myuncle_toseeme.Hellbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.cameExercises 4.Ithinkshe_rightnow.A.readingB.readsC.isreadingD.read5.Beforelong,he_allab
43、outthematter.A.willhaveforgottenB.willforgetC.forgetsD.forgot6.He_amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made7.Look!Theboystudentsare_footballwhilethegirlsare_.A.playingdanceB.playingdancingB.C.playdancingD.playdance长长长长元元元元音音音音/i:/i:/ /:/:/ /:/:/ / / :/:/ /u:/u:/短短短短元元元元音音音音/ /
44、/ / /e/e/ /双双双双元元元元音音音音/e/e/ /a/a/ / / / /a/a/ /e/e/ / /英英语国国际音音标表（表（48个）个）元音（元音（20个）个）Review清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/p/p/t/t/ /k/k/f/f/ / / /s/s/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/b/b/ /d/d/ /g/g/v/v/z/z/清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/ts/ts/ /t/t/ /tr/tr/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/ /dz/dz/ /d/d/ /dr/dr/鼻音鼻音鼻音鼻音/m/m/ /n/n/ / / 其他辅音其他辅音其他辅音其他辅音/j/j/ /w/w/h/h/ /r/r/l/l/辅音（辅音（28个）个）
