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1、Toward a Universal Understanding of Human Mobility and Social Networks 胡延庆胡延庆 郇迪郇迪 张江张江 黎勇黎勇 樊瑛樊瑛 王有贵王有贵 狄增如狄增如北京师范大学管理学院系统科学系北京师范大学管理学院系统科学系北京师范大学复杂性研究中心北京师范大学复杂性研究中心 2010.10 2010.10 苏州苏州Background and Motivationn nEmpirical Results of MobilityAnimals and Human BeingsAnimals and Human BeingsUnderst
2、anding WhyUnderstanding Whyn nSocial NetworksDistance Distribution of Social LinksDistance Distribution of Social LinksMaximum Entropy Yields ItMaximum Entropy Yields Itn nToward Universal Understanding of Both Mobility and Social NetworksMobility PatternPattern: most of the studies on animal mobili
3、ty pattern including experimental data and theoretic analysis found that their mobility pattern follow the Levy flight:Levy flight search patterns of wandering albatrosses, Nature 381, (1996)Revisiting Levy flight search patterns of wandering albatrosses, bumblebees and deer, NATURE| Vol 449|25 Octo
4、ber 2007Scaling laws of marine predator search behaviour, Nature (2008 )Human MobilityD. Brockmann, L. Hufnagel and T. Geisel, The scaling laws of human travel, Nature, 439, 462-465, (2006). -1.59Human Mobility1.75Understanding individual human mobility patternsMarta C. Gonzalez, Cesar A. Hidalgo &
5、Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, NATURE| Vol 453|5 June 2008Optimizing the success of random searchesG. M. Viswanathan*, Sergey V. Buldyrev*, Shlomo Havlin*,M. G. E. da Luzk, E. P. Raposok# & H. Eugene Stanley*, NATURE |VOL 401 | 28 OCTOBER 1999 |Fish in Lvy-flight foragingGandhimohan M. ViswanathanLvy fligh
6、ts are a theoretical construct that has attracted wideinterdisciplinary interest. Empirical evidence shows that the principleapplies to the foraging of marine predators.NATURE|Vol 465|24 June 2010Understanding WhySearch EfficiencyNumber of target Sites Visited to the Total Distance TranversedExplora
7、tion and Preferential returnn n(i) Exploration: with probabilitythe individual moves to a new locationn n(ii) Preferential return: with probabilityComplex Networksn ncomplex networks are the backbone of complex networks are the backbone of complex systemscomplex systems every complex system is a net
8、work of interaction every complex system is a network of interaction among numerous smaller elements among numerous smaller elements understanding a complex system = break down understanding a complex system = break down into parts + reassemble into parts + reassemble n nnetwork anatomy is important
9、 to network anatomy is important to characterize because structure affects characterize because structure affects function (and vice-versa)function (and vice-versa) ex: structure of social networksex: structure of social networksn nprevent spread of diseasesprevent spread of diseasesn ncontrol sprea
10、d of information (marketing, fads, rumors, etc.)control spread of information (marketing, fads, rumors, etc.)n nBinary Network: Node-LinkWeighted NetworkWeighted Networkn nLink weightLink weightSpatial NetworkSpatial Networkn nGeometrical or Geographical StructureGeometrical or Geographical Structur
11、eSpatial Properties of Social Networksn nDiscovering Whatn nUnderstanding Whyn nInvestigating Its ImpactsNavigabilityNavigabilitySynchronizationSynchronizationTraffic DynamicsTraffic DynamicsEpidemic ProcessEpidemic ProcessDistance Is Not Dead: Social Interaction and Geographical Distance in Social
12、Interaction and Geographical Distance in the Internet erathe Internet eraDistance Is Not Dead: Social Interaction and Geographical Distance in the Social Interaction and Geographical Distance in the Internet eraInternet eraEmpirical ResultsD.Liben-Nowell, J. Novak, R. Kumar, P. Raghavan, and A. Tomk
13、ins. PNAS 102, 11623-11628, (2005).Empirical resultsR. R. LambiotteLambiotte and his and his cooperators cooperators: : 2.5 million2.5 million mobile phone customers mobile phone customersPhysicaPhysica A A. 387(2008). 387(2008)P(d) d-1The distribution of geographic distance between friends isInvest
14、igating its Effects -Navigation Social NetworksMilgramMilgram: Six degrees of separation.: Six degrees of separation.Travers, J. and Travers, J. and MilgramMilgram, S., , S., SociometrySociometry. 32, 425-443 . 32, 425-443 (1969).(1969).Kleinberg:Kleinberg:Kleinberg, J. M. NavigationKleinberg, J. M.
15、 Navigation in a small world. in a small world. NatureNature. . 406, 845 (2000)406, 845 (2000)SynchronizationSynchronizabilityTopologyTraffic Dynamics Getting information Getting information through social through social networknetworkUnderstanding Why Do the Networks Possess Spatial Scaling PropertiesUnderstanding Why Do the Networks Possess Spatial Scaling PropertiesMaximization of Entropy?W=cL 下的理论分析1 Mobilityn nMaximization of Information Entropyn nHome-Return Effectn nUniversal Description of Levy Flight谢谢大家！谢谢大家！
