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1、Wine Training Program Level 1 葡萄酒培训-1爱菲拉酒庄爱菲拉酒庄葡萄酒(3)课件I Wine HistoryII Alcoholic BeveragesIII Definition of WineIV Components of wineV Types of wine I 葡萄酒历史II 含酒精饮料III 什么是葡萄酒IV 葡萄酒的组成 V 葡萄酒种类Table of Contents目录目录葡萄酒(3)课件Table of Contents目录目录 VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标 IX 葡萄酒单 X 葡萄酒服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝VI
2、Main Wine CountriesVII Main Grape VarietiesVIII Wine Labels IX Wine list X Wine serviceXI Wine tasting 葡萄酒(3)课件I Wine HistoryI 葡萄酒历史葡萄酒(3)课件Wine HistoryMiddle AsiaCaspian SeaMesopotamia50005000BCBCAncient EgyptAncient Egypt25002500BCBCAncient GreeceAncient Greece16001600BCBCRoman EmpireRoman Empire1
3、0001000BCBCGaul (France)SpainGermanyAustria400400BC-100 ADBC-100 AD1400-16001400-1600South AfricaMexicoArgentina17691769California (USA)California (USA)AustraliaAustraliaNew ZealandNew Zealand1788-18191788-1819葡萄酒(3)课件葡萄酒历史葡萄酒历史中东里海美索布达米亚公元公元50005000前前古埃及古埃及公元公元25002500年前年前古希腊古希腊公元公元16001600年前年前古罗马帝
4、国古罗马帝国公元公元10001000年前年前法国高卢法国高卢西班牙西班牙德国德国奥地利奥地利葡萄牙葡萄牙公元公元400400年前至年前至公元公元100100年年公元公元1400-16001400-1600年年南非南非墨西哥墨西哥阿根廷阿根廷17691769加利福尼亚（美国）加利福尼亚（美国）澳大利亚澳大利亚新西兰新西兰1788-18191788-1819葡萄酒(3)课件II Alcoholic BeveragesII 含酒精饮料葡萄酒(3)课件Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料发酵型酒精饮料oFruit-based alcoholic beverages E
5、g: Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如:葡萄酒oGrain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg: Beer, Chinese rice wine, Sakeo谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒During the fermentation process, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and Co2在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳葡萄酒(3)课件Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料oHistory: Mesopotamia
6、3500BC - First Distillation used for perfume making历史:美索布达米亚，公元前3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造oDistillation: Separation of liquids by evaporation蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开oSpirits: Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度oLiquors: Sweetened or flavored spirits利口酒:加
7、香和增甜的烈酒葡萄酒(3)课件oA few distilled alcoholic beverages: Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandyo一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料: 威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒龙舌兰酒白兰地Tips：Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识：小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料葡萄酒(3)课件 Summary 摘要摘要Alcoholic BeveragesA
8、lcoholic Beverages含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料 1) Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2) Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料葡萄酒(3)课件III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义葡萄酒的定义oRipe & Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的葡萄oCrush the berries, release the juice and add yeas
9、t to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物oFermentation converts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精oWINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁葡萄酒(3)课件IV Components of WineoFlavor Compounds (0.1%) oColor & Tannins (in red wines) (0.3%) oAcids (1%) oSugar (0.1% dry - 8% sweet)oAlcohol (10% table wines, 20
10、% fortified wines) oWater (80%-90%) Notes: Approximate percentages by weight葡萄酒(3)课件IV 葡萄酒成分葡萄酒成分o含香物质含香物质 (0.1%) o色素和丹宁色素和丹宁 (红葡萄酒) (0.3%) o酸酸 (1%) o糖份糖份 (0.1% 干干 - 8% sweet甜甜)o酒精酒精 (餐酒餐酒10%, 加加强葡萄酒强葡萄酒20%) o水份水份 (80%-90%) 注注: : 以上为重量的大约百分比以上为重量的大约百分比葡萄酒(3)课件V Types of wineV 葡萄酒种类葡萄酒(3)课件Types of W
11、ine （By wine making process） ChampagneCava Port, SherryRedRed WhiteWhiteRoseRoseSPARKLING WINE STILL WINEFORTIFIED WINE Other Sparkling wines 葡萄酒(3)课件葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类 （按生产工艺分）（按生产工艺分） 香槟酒 卡瓦钵酒,雪利酒红葡萄酒红葡萄酒 白葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒汽泡酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒 葡萄酒(3)课件Types of Wine （By service sequence during
12、 a meal）o oAperitif Aperitif （Dry sherryDry sherry， Champagne, Champagne, Dry Dry whitewhite）o oTable WineTable Wine ( Red, White, Rose ) ( Red, White, Rose ) o oDessert WineDessert Wine ( Botrytis, Ice wine, Port ( Botrytis, Ice wine, Port， Late Harvest) Late Harvest) o oDigestiveDigestive ( Liquor
13、s, Grappa ) ( Liquors, Grappa ) SugaralcohollowhighlowhighBeginning of the mealEnd of the meal葡萄酒(3)课件葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类 （按用餐时上酒顺序（按用餐时上酒顺序 ）o o餐前酒餐前酒( (干雪利酒干雪利酒, ,香槟酒香槟酒, ,干白葡萄酒干白葡萄酒) o o餐酒餐酒(红红, ,白白, ,玫瑰葡萄酒玫瑰葡萄酒) o o甜酒甜酒(贵腐酒贵腐酒, ,冰酒冰酒, ,钵酒钵酒, ,晚丰收葡萄酒晚丰收葡萄酒) o o餐后消化酒餐后消化酒(利口酒利口酒, ,果渣酒果渣酒 ) ) 糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐
14、开始用餐结束用餐结束葡萄酒(3)课件VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国主要葡萄酒产酒国Old WorldOld World旧旧旧旧世界世界世界世界France法国法国 2*Italy意大利意大利 1*Spain西班牙西班牙3*New WorldNew World新新新新世界世界世界世界USA美国美国 4*Australia澳大利亚澳大利亚6*Chile智利智利Argentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*New Zealand新西兰新西兰South Africa南非南非*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家(Southern he
15、misphere + USA) )南半球美国南半球美国 (European Countries) )欧洲国家欧洲国家葡萄酒(3)课件Old World VS New World旧世界旧世界VS新世界新世界oIntegrate more the soil and climate factors. “Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征oLong tradition and history悠久历史和传统 oGood visibility to the consumers客人容易理解oMain factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种oConsistent we
16、ather 相应气候oToo much standardization标准太多oNot been produced for long ageing o储存时间较短Old world 旧世界旧世界( (European Countries 欧洲国家欧洲国家) )( (Southern hemisphere + USA南半球南半球 美国美国)Pros优点优点New World 新新世界世界Cons缺点缺点Difficult visibility to the consumersDifficult visibility to the consumers客人不易理解客人不易理解 Lots of reg
17、ulationsLots of regulations很多规则很多规则葡萄酒(3)课件VII Grape Varieties葡萄品种葡萄酒(3)课件Summary摘要摘要o8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种o1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒o200 traditionally used in Italy意大利大约使用200种葡萄o100 traditionally used in France法国大约使用
18、100种葡萄o50 traditionally used in Spain西班牙大约使用50种葡萄oGrape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素葡萄酒(3)课件Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种主要白葡萄品种White Grapes白葡萄品种白葡萄品种oChardonnay / 莎当妮 oSauvignon Blanc / 白苏维翁 oRiesling / 薏丝琳 oGewuztraminer / 格乌兹莱妮 oPinot Grigio / 灰皮诺oViogni
19、er / 威格尼葡萄酒(3)课件White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Native to Burgundy源于法国的勃根第地区Now worlds most fashionable & famous white variety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满White fruits and nutty flavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay莎当妮莎当妮葡萄酒(3)课件White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Bordeaux, central Loire 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Cris
20、p acidity清新爽口偏酸Fresh and aromatic清新果香芬芳Citrus and Grassy 柑桔及青草味Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁白苏维翁葡萄酒(3)课件White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Grown in Alsace, Germany, South Australia, Washington State, etc种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile (dry, tart wine to Sweet late-harvest wine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floral and
21、 mineral flavor花香及矿物味Naturally high acidity天然酸度高A tremendous capacity to age可陈年 Riesling 薏丝琳薏丝琳葡萄酒(3)课件White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Alsace, Germany, Austria 阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利Complex, generous 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee, rose, spices, clove notes 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味Tropical Fruit & Cinnamon 热带水果味&肉桂味Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱
22、妮格乌兹莱妮葡萄酒(3)课件White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Popular in Northern Italy盛产于意大利北部Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜，芬芳Light color 颜色偏淡Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺灰皮诺葡萄酒(3)课件Northern Rhne, Australia, California北罗纳谷,澳大利亚, 美国加州Prestigious Condrieu AOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地Peach flavor 桃子香Very low acidity 酸度极低Viogn
23、ier威格尼威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种葡萄酒(3)课件 Main Grape Varieties 主要主要葡萄品种葡萄品种 Red varieties 红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon / 加本力苏维翁加本力苏维翁 Merlot / 梅洛梅洛 Pinot Noir / 黑皮诺黑皮诺 Gamay /甘美甘美 Shiraz (Syrah) / 设拉子设拉子 Sangiovese / 桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo / 尼比奥罗尼比奥罗 Zinfandel / 仙芬黛仙芬黛 Tempranillo / 泰普妮洛泰普妮洛葡萄酒
24、(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 A classic Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种 Full-bodied,tannic 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富 Very complex, long evolution 口味丰富，陈年长 Blackcurrant, violet黑加仑，紫罗兰 Cabernet Sauvignon加本力苏维翁加本力苏维翁 葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 A traditional Bordeaux grape传统波尔多葡萄品种 Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满 Bl
25、ack and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃 Chocolate巧克力Merlot梅洛梅洛葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 King of Burgundy勃根蒂之王 Cherry, raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子 Spice notes 稍带辛辣 Earthy complexities泥土气息 A silky texture, little tannins 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡Pinot Noir黑皮诺黑皮诺葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Grape used to make Beaujolais 用
26、来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Light purple in color 酒体呈浅紫色Fruity and light in tannins 果香浓郁, 口感柔和To be drunk young 趁年轻时喝 Gamay 甘美甘美葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Mostly grown in Rhne Region, France, Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚 Rich black and red berry fruit, plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味 Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味
27、Rich and full-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满 Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子设拉子葡萄酒(3)课件 Italys most common grape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种 Chianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制 Brunello di Montalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 Lightly fragrant wines 酒香清淡 A distinct bitter cherry taste 独特的苦莓味 Tight tannins 强烈的丹宁味Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape
28、 Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 Piemontese grape (Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒Tannic, acidic and austere. 丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex, full-bodied 酒体饱满，口味丰富Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗尼比奥罗葡萄酒(3)课件 Mostly grown in California 主要种植于美国加州地区 Deeply concentrat
29、ed berry fruit 浓缩的浆果味 Jammy 果酱味 Intriguing spice notes 独特香辣 A big finish 回味极佳 Zinfandel仙芬黛仙芬黛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种葡萄酒(3)课件Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 The fine Spanish variety 很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja, Valdepenas 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，Elegant and aromatic 优雅，芬芳Tempranillo泰普妮洛泰普妮洛葡萄酒(3)课件VIII Wine Labels酒标葡萄酒(3
30、)课件& How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标怎样解读酒标? ? &Winery 酒庄名酒庄名&Vintage年份年份&Alcohol Level酒精含量酒精含量&Net Volume 净含量净含量&(Name of Wine)酒名酒名&New World New World 新世界新世界新世界新世界&Grape Variety葡萄品种葡萄品种&Old World Old World 旧世界旧世界旧世界旧世界&Appellation产地产地&Classification等级等级Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容葡萄酒(3)课件 Sample
31、 from the New World来自新世界的样标来自新世界的样标 S葡萄酒(3)课件 Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标来自旧世界的样标 What is the grape variety? 葡萄品种是什么？葡萄酒(3)课件IX Wine Lists酒单酒单葡萄酒(3)课件IX Types of Wine list 酒单种类酒单种类oWine list by region根据产区的分类根据产区的分类oWine list by alphabetic order根据字母顺序分类根据字母顺序分类oWine list by varieties根据葡萄品种分类根据
32、葡萄品种分类oWine list by intensity of wine根据葡萄的强度分类根据葡萄的强度分类oOthers其他其他葡萄酒(3)课件X Wine Service葡萄酒服务葡萄酒(3)课件X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务葡萄酒服务Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单 Take the order without hesitation 确认订单 The client asks for recommendations客户要求推荐 Recommendations offered 建议 The client may doubt reinforce
33、客户也许置疑加强你的推荐 Presentation of the wine 展示葡萄酒 Open the wine bottle 葡萄酒开瓶 Client tastes the wine 客人品尝葡萄酒 Wine rejections 拒绝葡萄酒 Precipitations & Sediments沉淀物 Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序 Glass refill and reorder 葡萄酒续杯和加酒葡萄酒(3)课件Simply ask who is going to order the wine 简单询问哪位客人会点酒The wine order is taken right
34、after the order of the dishes点餐完毕后点酒The client can : -either make his wine order without hesitation客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒-or the client may ask for a recommendation或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐 Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒单介绍酒单葡萄酒(3)课件 Take the Order Without hesitations客人自主点酒客人自主点酒 Listen to the client carefully
35、仔细聆听客人的需求 Reformulate clearly his choice 再清楚无误的重复他的选择 You may congratulate him/her on the choice, especially in front of their guests 你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前 Never contradict him, respect his tastes 不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味 Never criticize a wine 绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒葡萄酒(3)课件Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒客人要求被推荐葡萄酒oLis
36、ten pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息oThen give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget. 根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒oPay attention to the circumstances & season 注意环境和季节的变化oOffer one or two recommendations, no more. Do not read the wine list！ 只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单oJustify your
37、choice briefly with a few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐葡萄酒(3)课件Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示推荐小贴示 oTraditional drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人经常饮用葡萄酒的客人oPromote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地oPromote the grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同1.Region and appellation 产地 2.Vintage 年份1.Grape variety 葡萄品种2.Origin 产地( (European client
38、s 欧洲客人欧洲客人) )( (Southern hemisphere USA clients南半球南半球 美国客人美国客人) New New drinkers drinkers 刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人葡萄酒(3)课件What if the Client is in Doubt?当客户犹豫不决时该如何做当客户犹豫不决时该如何做oShow him that you fully understood his request 说明你完全理解他的需要oPerhaps recommend him another wine 或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒oMost of the tim
39、e, the client needs to be reassured 大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择o“To do so, tell him a few words about the vineyards, winemaker, recent wine tasting” 接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.葡萄酒(3)课件Presentation of the Wine出示葡萄酒出示葡萄酒oShow the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered站在点酒客人的右面
40、，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标oNever hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈oDo not shake the bottle. Be gentle. 不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。oRed wine should be served at room temperature 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝oWhite, rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰
41、桶保温葡萄酒(3)课件Open the Wine Bottle葡萄酒开瓶葡萄酒开瓶oAlways open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标oDo not turn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人oCut the foil below the neck with opener. Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞oBend the cork a little bit at the end to av
42、oid making a noise拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音oPresent the cork upon successful removal from the bottle. Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上葡萄酒(3)课件 Give the Client a Taste of the Wine客人品酒客人品酒oAsk the guest who made the order to taste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒oPour approximately one soup sp
43、oon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest 倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人oEnsure approval is given before you go on pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒葡萄酒(3)课件Wine Rejections拒绝拒绝oCorkiness: If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard, then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染oOxidation: Sometimes the win
44、e can be oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化葡萄酒(3)课件Precipitations & Sediments 沉淀物沉淀物oSometimes, one can find a deposit of crystals in whitewhite wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。 - Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged redaged red & port wine
45、sport wines有年份的红葡萄酒及钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。- Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质- Should be decanted 需要进行醒酒 These in no way affect the wine quality, nor the consumers health这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量葡萄酒(3)课件 Wine Pouring Sequence侍酒顺序侍酒顺序oFrom the right hand side, pour the wine for ladies first, clockwise from the h
46、ost, then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向oThe person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass最后才将主人的酒杯加满oTwist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶葡萄酒(3)课件 Glass Refill and Reorder续杯和加酒续杯和加酒 Glass refill
47、续杯续杯 Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令Recommend 2nd bottle or a new wine 加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒 Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred
48、when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒葡萄酒(3)课件Role Play 角色扮演角色扮演oAt least two persons至少两个人: - The trainer acts as a client 培训师扮演客人 - The volunteer acts as the waiter 志愿者扮演侍者oFollow the sequence of the wine service including bottle opening and wine pouring 演示侍酒服务的顺序包括开瓶和侍酒葡萄酒(3)课件XI Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧品酒技巧1) Appearance: Clarity, Brightness, Color and intensity视觉：澄清度，亮度，颜色及深浅2) Nose: Intensity and Aromas嗅觉：香气及浓郁程度3) Taste: Balance, flavors and length味觉：平衡口味及留香 葡萄酒(3)课件Thank you!谢谢葡萄酒(3)课件
