《生产与运作管理AnIntroduction》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《生产与运作管理AnIntroduction（20页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、生产与运作管理-An IntroductionDr. Jinxing XieDr. Jinxing XieDepartment of Mathematical SciencesDepartment of Mathematical SciencesTsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaTsinghua University, Beijing 100084, Chinahttp:/jxiehttp:/jxieEmail: jxie Email: jxie Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847Voice:
2、 (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847Office: Rm. 1202, New Science BuildingOffice: Rm. 1202, New Science Building1Outlinen nWhat is Prod. & Operations Management (POM)?What is Prod. & Operations Management (POM)? Definition of OMDefinition of OM OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EMOM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE
3、 vs. IE/EMn nThe Heritage of OMThe Heritage of OMn nWhat Operations Managers do?What Operations Managers do?n nExciting New Trends in OM Exciting New Trends in OM n nResearch Methods Research Methods n nAcademic SocietiesAcademic Societiesn nOM Related JournalsOM Related Journals2What is Operations
4、Management?n n运作管理就是对公司（或组织）的提供主要产品运作管理就是对公司（或组织）的提供主要产品或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。n nOM is the set of activities that creates goods and OM is the set of activities that creates goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs.services by transforming inputs into outputs.n nOM is
5、the business function that manages that part of OM is the business function that manages that part of a business that transforms raw materials and human a business that transforms raw materials and human inputs into goods and services of higher value. inputs into goods and services of higher value.
6、(narrow view)(narrow view)3 市场企业战略运作战略财务战略营销战略运作管理人力工厂部件工艺计划与控制系统输入原料顾客输出产品服务 生产系统(5P)OM概要模型其他名称：运作管理生产管理；运营管理工业管理；工厂管理 4OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EMn n运作管理是管理的一个运作管理是管理的一个领域（管理职能）领域（管理职能）n nOR/MSOR/MS是各领域在制定是各领域在制定决策时都可能遇到的定决策时都可能遇到的定量方法量方法 n nSS/SESS/SE强调的是系统观强调的是系统观点、系统方法点、系统方法n nIE/EMIE/EM主要
7、关注如何更主要关注如何更好地利用企业的资源，好地利用企业的资源，解决工程问题（如工业解决工程问题（如工业自动化等）自动化等）OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM5The Heritage of OMn n1776-1880: 1776-1880: 早期概念早期概念 专业化；专业化； 标准化零部件标准化零部件n n1880-19101880-1910：科学管理时代：科学管理时代 GanttGantt图；动作图；动作/ /时间研究；过程分析；排队论时间研究；过程分析；排队论n n1910-19801910-1980：大批量生产时代：大批量生产时代 流水线；经济批量；线性规划；流水线；经济批量；线性规
8、划；PERT/CPMPERT/CPM；MRPMRPn n1980-19951980-1995：精益生产时代：精益生产时代 JITJIT；TQMTQM；EDIEDI；CAD/CAM/CAPPCAD/CAM/CAPPn n1995-1995-：大批量、顾客化生产时代：大批量、顾客化生产时代 全球化；信息化（全球化；信息化（INTERNETINTERNET；E-Commerce)E-Commerce) 敏捷制造；敏捷制造；BPRBPR；ERPERP；主动学习的组织；主动学习的组织 供应链管理（供应链管理（SCMSCM）；物流）；物流(Logistics)(Logistics)成 本质量顾客作为学科，
9、 OM诞生于50年代末60年代初6n nGoods and services designGoods and services design- -What product should we offer?What product should we offer?- -How should we design these products and services?How should we design these products and services?n nManaging qualityManaging quality- -Who is responsible for quality
10、?Who is responsible for quality?- -How do we define the quality we want in our service or How do we define the quality we want in our service or product?product?n nProcess and capacity designProcess and capacity design- -What process will these products require and in what order?What process will th
11、ese products require and in what order?- -What equipment and technology is necessary for these What equipment and technology is necessary for these processes?processes?What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions)7n nLocation strategiesLocation strategies- -Where should we put the facilit
12、y?Where should we put the facility?- -On what criteria should we bas the location decision?On what criteria should we bas the location decision?n nLayout designLayout design- -How should we arrange the facility?How should we arrange the facility?- -How large must the facility be to meet our plan?How
13、 large must the facility be to meet our plan?n nHuman resources and job designHuman resources and job design- -How do we provide a reasonable work environment?How do we provide a reasonable work environment?- -How much can we expect our employees to produce?How much can we expect our employees to pr
14、oduce?n nSupply chain managementSupply chain management- -Should we buy or produce the component?Should we buy or produce the component?- -Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into our e-Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into our e-commerce program?commerce program?What Operations M
15、anagers do?(Top 10 Research Directions)8n nInventory controlInventory control- -How much inventory of each item should we have?How much inventory of each item should we have?- -When do we reorder?When do we reorder?n nIntermediate, short-term, and project schedulingIntermediate, short-term, and proj
16、ect scheduling- -Is subcontracting production a good idea?Is subcontracting production a good idea?- -Are we better off keeping people on the payroll during Are we better off keeping people on the payroll during slowdowns?slowdowns?n nMaintenanceMaintenance- -Who is responsible for maintenance?Who i
17、s responsible for maintenance?What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions)9Exciting New Trends in OMLocal or national focusGlobal focus, international OMBatch (large) shipmentsJust-in-time shipmentsLow-bid purchasingSupply chain partners, ERP, e-CommerceLengthy product developmentRapid p
18、roduct development, alliancesStandardized productsMass customizationJob specializationEmpowered employees, teams, and lean production10Important Research Field - Service Operations Managementn nIntangibleIntangiblen nProduced and consumed simultaneouslyProduced and consumed simultaneouslyn nUniqueUn
19、iquen nHigh customer interactionHigh customer interactionn nInconsistent product definitionInconsistent product definitionn nKnowledge-basedKnowledge-basedn nDispersedDispersedn nDifficult to automateDifficult to automaten nDifficult to measure qualityDifficult to measure qualityn n.11StrategicTacti
20、cOperational Levels of DecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearch Methods12Research Methodsn nEmpiricalEmpirical Case studyCase study SurveySurvey Panel studyPanel study DatabaseDatabasen nTheoretic modelsTheoretic models Deterministic modelsDeterministic models Uncertainty modelsUncertainty modelsn nS
21、imulationSimulationn nExpert system Expert system (knowledge model)(knowledge model)SimulationSimulationMotivation and ObjectiveMotivation and ObjectiveExperiment designExperiment design Independent variables Independent variables Dependent variables Dependent variablesSimulation run Simulation run
22、Data analysisData analysisFindingsFindingsInsightsInsights13建 立 OR/MS 理 论 模 型 的 一 般 步 骤模型准备模型假设模型构成模型求解模型分析模型检验模型应用 Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation14n nDedicatedDedicated INFORMS (A meager of ORSA and TIMS )INFORMS (A meager of ORSA and TIMS ) In particular, MSOM (Manufacturing and Servic
23、e OM) In particular, MSOM (Manufacturing and Service OM) POM (Production and Operations Management Society)POM (Production and Operations Management Society) EUROMA (European Operations Management Association)EUROMA (European Operations Management Association)n nRelatedRelated Academy of ManagementA
24、cademy of Management DSI (Decision Sciences Institute)DSI (Decision Sciences Institute) APICS (American Production and Inventory Control APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society)Society) IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineering)IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineering) EURO (European
25、 Operational Research Society)EURO (European Operational Research Society) Academic Societies15n nEstablished March 1999, Newest within INFORMSEstablished March 1999, Newest within INFORMSn nMembership: 950, Largest within INFORMSMembership: 950, Largest within INFORMSn nSociety Webpage: http:/Socie
26、ty Webpage: http:/ n nThe methods which MSOM members apply in order to The methods which MSOM members apply in order to help the operations function add value to products and help the operations function add value to products and services are derived from a wide range of scientific services are deri
27、ved from a wide range of scientific fields, including operations research and management fields, including operations research and management science, mathematics, economics, statistics, science, mathematics, economics, statistics, information systems and artificial intelligence.information systems
28、and artificial intelligence.Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society16Source of ReferencesTop journal:Top journal: Operations Research (OR); Management Science (MS)Operations Research (OR); Management Science (MS)Quasi-Top journal:Quasi-Top journal: Manufacturing and Service Operation
29、s Management (MSOM)Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MSOM)IIE Transactions (IIET)IIE Transactions (IIET)Naval Research Logistics (NRL)Naval Research Logistics (NRL)Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR)Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR)Journal of operations management (JOM)Jou
30、rnal of operations management (JOM) Operations Research Letters (ORL) Operations Research Letters (ORL)Major journal:Major journal: European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR)European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR) Production and Operations Management (POM) Production and Operations Mana
31、gement (POM)International Journal of Production Research (IJPR)International Journal of Production Research (IJPR)International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE)International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE)Journal of the Operational Research Society (JORS)Journal of the Operational Resea
32、rch Society (JORS)COR(Computers & OR); CIE (Computers & IE)COR(Computers & OR); CIE (Computers & IE) Production Plan and Control (PPC) Production Plan and Control (PPC) 17OM Related Journalsn nJOM (J. of OM)JOM (J. of OM)n nIJOPM (Int. J. Op. Prod. Mgmt.)IJOPM (Int. J. Op. Prod. Mgmt.)n nPOM (Prod.
33、& OM)POM (Prod. & OM)n nIJPR (Int. J. of Prod. Research)IJPR (Int. J. of Prod. Research)n nIJPE (Int. J. of Prod. Economics)IJPE (Int. J. of Prod. Economics)n nPIMJ (Prod. Invent. Mgmt. J.)PIMJ (Prod. Invent. Mgmt. J.)n nMS MS （Management Sciences)Management Sciences)n nHBR (Harvard Business Rev.)HB
34、R (Harvard Business Rev.)n nEJOREJORn nSloan Mgmt. Review (MIT)Sloan Mgmt. Review (MIT)n nMS MS (SSCI, SCI)(SSCI, SCI)n nOR OR (SCI)(SCI)n nJOMJOMn nIJOPMIJOPMn nIJPR IJPR (SCI)(SCI)n nPOM POM (SCI)(SCI)n nEJOREJOR(SCI, SSCI)(SCI, SSCI)n nHBRHBRn nAcademy of Mgmt. JournalAcademy of Mgmt. Journaln nD
35、S (Decision Sciences) DS (Decision Sciences) (SSCI)(SSCI)Relevance Ranks (1999, JOM) Qualityn nMSOMMSOM18n nhttp:/ nPlease also visit the courses Webpage Please also visit the courses Webpage in “ in “清华大学网络学堂清华大学网络学堂” frequently ” frequently for further information. for further information. n nAt the end of the course, you should submit a course At the end of the course, you should submit a course report to me.report to me.Course Notes Information1920
