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1、GrammarThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice被动语态的时态被动语态的时态一般现在一般现在时时is/am/aredoneEnglishistaughtinourschool.一般过去一般过去时时was/weredoneAtreewasplantedyesterday.一般将来一般将来时时will/shallbedoneAtreewillbeplantedtomorrow.过去将来过去将来时时wouldbedoneHesaidatreewouldbeplantedthenextyear.现在进行现在进行时时is/am/arebeingdoneAtreeisbeingpl
2、antednow.过去进行过去进行时时was/werebeingdoneAtreewasbeingplantedthistimelastyear.现在完成现在完成时时have/hasbeendoneHehasbeensenttoAmerica.过去完成过去完成时时hadbeendone WhenIcameback,mymoneyhadbeenstolen.将来完成将来完成时时will/shallhavebeendone3000wordswillhavebefinishedbytheendofthisterm.Acalculatingmachine;replaceAcalculatingmach
3、inehasbeenreplacedwiththelaptop.Make sentences. Thebuildings;destroy;earthquakeThebuildingshavebeendestroyedinanearthquake.1)现在完成时现在完成时(have/has+过去分词过去分词)现在完成时现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去,的动作或情况虽然发生在过去,但它强调的是与现在的关系,用来说明现在但它强调的是与现在的关系,用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用时间的状语连用,如如:yesterday,twow
4、eeksago,in1978,whenIgotthere等等,现在完成现在完成时常与时常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not.yet,just等不表示明确等不表示明确1.两种时态两种时态的时间副词连用的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带延续到目前的带since,for的状语及包括的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesedays等。等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词,如如:be,have,l
5、ike,love,know,believe,hate等。等。一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况动作或情况,与现在毫无关系。与现在毫无关系。2)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现在分词现在分词)1)一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过过去分词去分词)如如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过过去分词去分词)2.最常见的七种被动语态形式最常见的七种被动语态形式如如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmedia
6、telyaftertheaccident.3)一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+过去分词或过去分词或+begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词)如如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过去分词过去分词)如如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.5)现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+过去分词过去分词)如如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)带情态动
7、词的被动语态带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词)如如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.7)动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式(tobe+过去分词过去分词)如如:Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是其构成是:have/hasbeen+done。如:如:1.Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.脏衣服都已经洗了。脏衣服都已经洗了。2.Thep
8、lanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态3.ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.这些年来这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。现在完成时被动态:现在完成时被动态:have/has+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成进行时:现在完成进行时:have/has+been+动词现在分词动词现在分词它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上它们的构成的区别在最后的动词
9、上,被动态接被动态接的是过去分词形式的是过去分词形式,现在完成进行时接的是现现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。在分词形式。1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如:主语是行为动作的承受者。如:TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。张飞庙已经过重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门已经被锁上了。门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在持续到现在,并可能并可能持续下去。如:持续下去。如:Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanyti
10、mes.有人告诉他这事很多次了。有人告诉他这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他可能还会有人告诉他)(我或别人现在进不去我或别人现在进不去)4.用在时间和条件状语从句中用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来表示将来某时已完成的动作。如:某时已完成的动作。如:Wellstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。工作一完成我们就立即动身。注意注意:1.副词的位置副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly,seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间。中间。如如:误误Suchamanhasbe
11、enhardlybelieved.正正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如:态。如:误误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如:时常用主
12、动语态。如:误误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正正Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如:词。如:TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词一些特殊动词,如如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思相应的意思,则需改换动
13、词或时态。如:则需改换动词或时态。如:Mybrotherhashad(不能用不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)不知道或没有必要不知道或没有必要说明明动作的作的执行者是行者是谁。如如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。在昨晚被盗了。(不知道不知道电脑是是谁偷的的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本本书出版于出版于1981年。年。被动语态的用法
14、被动语态的用法:(2)强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的而不强调动作的执行者。执行者。如如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。这本书是他写的。(1)把主把主动语态的的宾语变为被被动语态的主的主语。(2)把把谓语变成被成被动结构构(be过去分去分词)(根据被根据被动语态句子里的主句子里的主语的人称和数,的人称和数,以及原来主以及原来主动语态句子中句子中动词的的时态来决来决定定be的形式的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放
15、在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾之后作宾语语,将主格改为宾格。如:将主格改为宾格。如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是歌诀是:宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,by短语后面跟。短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动谓语动词变被动,be后后“过分过分”来使用。来使用。4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动主动
16、:Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动被动:Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动被动:Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补原来的宾补保留不动保留不动,改称主语补足语。改称主语补足语。主动主动:Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动被动:Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句现在完成时被动语态肯定句主语主语+has/havebeen+P.P.+.(P.P.=动词的过去分词形式动词的过去分词形式)Herm
17、otorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托车被盗了。她的摩托车被盗了。Alltheofficeshavebeenlinkedbycomputer.所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。句型句型2.现在完成时被动语态否定句现在完成时被动语态否定句主语主语+has/have+not+been+P.P.+.Thetaskhasnotbeenfinishedyet.任务尚未完成。任务尚未完成。Manyskilledworkershavenotbeentrainedinthecompany.这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。3.现在完成时被动
18、语态一般疑问句现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句Hashe(she,it,单数名词单数名词)+been+P.P.+.?Hasanewcomputerbeenbought?买了一台新电脑吗买了一台新电脑吗?HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng-lish?他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句疑问词疑问词+have(has)+主语主语+been+P.P.+.?WhathasbeenboughtbyTom?汤姆已经买了什么东西汤姆已经买了什么东西?Whohavebeenhelpedbythenewc
19、omputer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助?Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?Wherehasthecarbeenrepaired?这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?1.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit_.(北京北京2007)A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruinedC高考链接高考链接2.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectur
20、eontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_yet.(浙江浙江2007)A.hasntbeendecidedB.haventdecidedC.isntbeingdecidedD.arentdecided A3.IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhat_inscienceandtechnology.(天津天津2007)A.haddiscoveredB.hadbeendiscoveredC.hasdiscoveredD.hasbeendiscoveredD4.Cathyistakingnotesofthegrammatic
21、alrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_Englishforayear.(湖南湖南2007)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudyingD5.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances_inthepastyears.(上海上海2007)A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscoveredD6.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialatt
22、entiontowhat_.(四川四川2007)A.havemarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarkedB一、单项选择一、单项选择1.Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat_inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2.-_thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.ItoldB A 3.Allthepreparationforthetask_,andwererea
23、dytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendoneD 4.-Howlong_atthisjob?-Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedB 5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecidedD 6.Be
24、tty_injuredsincelastSaturday.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hasA7.Thatbook_intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated注注:该句的句型是该句的句型是:Itissaidthat/people(they)saidthat/thatbookissaidto根据句意是已经被译成了根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所
25、多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。以要用现在完成时的被动语态。D 8.Hi,Tom,youlooktired.- Ofcourse.I_thelivingroomallday. A.hadpaintedB.paintedC.havebeenpaintedD.havebeenpaintingD 9.-Didyoumoveintothenewhouse?-No.Therooms_yet.A.werebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.havenotpaintedD.havenotbeenpaintedD 10.Greatchanges_inmyhometownandaloto
26、ffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.tookplace;willsetupB 11.Itssaidthatthisbook_intoChinese.A.hadtranslatedB.hastranslatedC.wastranslatedD.hasbeentranslated12.Youcantmovein.Thehouse_.A.ispaintingB.isbeingpaintedC.haspaintedD.hasbe
27、enpainted D B 13.Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.(2005重庆重庆)A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencauseA 14.Haveyouever_totheexhibitionwhich_forthreeweeks?A.gone;hasbeenshownB.visited;shownC.been;hasbeenonshowD.went;lastedC 15.-Howl
28、ongago_theseeggs_?-Perhaps15days.A.will;hatchB.did;hatchC.were;hatchedD.have;beenhatchedC二、改错二、改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuil
29、tinthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5y
30、ears.三、用动词正确形式填空。三、用动词正确形式填空。1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I_(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Overtimemymemory_(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI_(told).3.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications_(find)forme.have been used has developedhave been told have been found4.Ihavealso_(put
31、)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas_(help)withmedicaloperations.5.I_(put)intospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.been put helphave evenbeenput四、用被动语态改写下列句子。四、用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyea
32、r.The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now. A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.3.Thecarfactoryhasproducedagreatmanyfinecarssincethetechnologicalrevolution.Agreatmanyfinecarshavebeenproducedbythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.4.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.5.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.