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1、coverUnit 11BeautyContentspageContentsLearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancementLearningObjectivesLearning Objectives Rhetoricalskill:classification,contrastKeylanguage&grammarpointsWritingstrategies:argumentativewritingTheme:beautyan
2、d“againstinterpretation”Pre-R:pictureactivationWhich of the above is beautiful? Why do you think so?Picture Activation | Pre-questionsPre-R:pictureactivation-remarksNote:We hardly can judge the above paintings “beauty”,because“beauty”itselfistooabstract.In addition, different people may have differe
3、nt opinionsabouttheconcept.Thequestionis:WhatisyourOWNunderstandingof“beauty”?Picture Activation | Pre-questionsPre-R:pre-Q11.It is believed that almost without exceptioneveryone,menandwomen,oldandyoung,wishestobebeautiful.However,somepeople,nottoomanythough,might look physically beautiful but are m
4、entally ugly.Whatkindofbeautyismoreimportant,internalbeautyorexternalbeauty?Picture Activation | Pre-questionsOpentodiscussion.Pre-R:pre-Q22.Judgmentofbeautyvariesfrompersontoperson.Asthesayinggoes,loveisblind.Doyouthinkthereisanyuniversallyacceptedcriterionforjudgingbeauty?Picture Activation | Pre-
5、questionsOpentodiscussion.G-R:textintroductionThis revealing argumentative essay convincinglyargues that associating beauty with women has putbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive,anddoesmuchharmtothenotionofbeautyand,inparticular,towomen.Meanwhile,thewriterexposesandcriticizesthesocialprejudicesorsexualb
6、iasagainstwomeninrelationtobeauty.Moreover,shepointsoutthewayforwomentogetoutofthecrudetrapinwhichtheyhavebeencaughtfortoolongandcallsonpeopletodosomethingtosavebeautyfromwomenandforwomen.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:culture-note-SocratesSocrates(Paragraph1)(469-399BC) a
7、 Greek philosopher, who profoundlyaffected Western philosophy through his influence onPlato.Socratesbelievedinthesuperiorityofargumentoverwritingandthereforespentthegreaterpartofhismature life in the marketplace and public places ofAthens,engagingindialogueandargumentwithanyonewhowouldlistenorwhowou
8、ldsubmittointerrogation.Socrateswasreportedlyunattractiveinappearanceandshortofstaturebutwasalsoextremelyhardyandself-controlled.Heachievedsocialpopularitybecauseofhisready wit and a keen sense of humor that wascompletelydevoidofsatireorcynicism.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure
9、G-R:culture-note-RedfordRedford,Robert(Paragraph7)(1937-), an American actor, director, and producer,known for his intelligence, striking appearance, andcommercialsuccessText Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:culture-note-CocteauCocteau,Jean(Paragraph8)(1889-1963), a French poet,n
10、ovelist,dramatist,designer,andfilmmaker,whowasinternationally famous for hisversatility,unconventionality,andenormousoutputText Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:author-1“Beauty”Whatismostbeautifulinvirilemenis something feminine; what ismostbeautifulinfemininewomenissomethingmasc
11、uline.(Against Interpretation, “Notes onCamp”)Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:author-2Sontag, Susan (1933-2004),JewishAmericanwriter,knownfor her philosophical writingson modern culture. Born inNew York City, Sontag waseducatedattheuniversitiesofCalifornia,Chicago,andParisa
12、nd at Harvard University.During the 1960s and 1970sSontagsessaysandobservations had a stronginfluence on the Americancounterculture.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:author-3Works：(1963)The Benefactor恩主(1966)Against Interpretation(includesNoteson“Camp”)反对阐释(1977)On Photograph
13、y论摄影(1978)Illness as Metaphor疾病的隐喻(1980)Under the Sign of Saturn在土星的光环下Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:author-4QuotesfromAgainst Interpretation反对阐释“theunderstandingofartstartsfromintuitiveresponseandnotfromanalysisorintellectualconsiderations”；interpretationhadbecome“theint
14、ellectsrevengeuponart”；“inplaceofahermeneuticsweneedaneroticsofart”；“Real art has the capacity to make us nervous. Byreducing the work of art to its content and theninterpretingthat,onetamestheworkofart.”；“Itsbeautiful,becauseitsawful”Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructureG-R:structu
15、ralanalysisText Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructurePart 1(1-3) contrasts the ancient notion of “beauty” with themodernconcepttointroducethetopic.Part 2(4-7) illustrates how women and men are viewed/treateddifferently to support the argument: the oppression ofwomen.Part 3(8-9) points ou
16、t how societys gender stereotypes haveaffectedadverselythedevelopmentofwomen.Part 4(10)callsonwomenandthewholesocietytogetoutofthetrap created by the “myth of beauty” and the resultingoppressionofwomen.DR-p1atextBEAUTYSusanSontag1.FortheGreeks,beautywasavirtue:akindofexcellence.Personsthenwereassume
17、dtobewhatwenowhavetocalllamely,enviouslywholepersons2.If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between apersonsinsideandoutside,theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheotherkind.Detailed ReadingDR-p1btextThe well-born young Athenians who gathered aroundSocratesfounditquitepara
18、doxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductiveandsougly.OneofSocratesmainpedagogicalactswastobeuglyandteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.Detailed ReadingDR-p2text2.TheymayhaveresistedSocrateslesson.Wedonot.Severalthousandyear
19、slater,wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty.Wenotonlysplitoffwith the greatest facility the inside (character,intellect)fromtheoutside(looks);butweareactuallysurprised when someone who is beautiful is alsointelligent,talented,good.Detailed ReadingDR-p3text3.It was principally the influence of Chri
20、stianity thatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalideals of human excellence. By limiting excellence(virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity setbeauty adrift as an alienated, arbitrary, superficialenchantment. And beauty has continued to loseprestige.Forclosetotwocenturiesithas
21、becomeaconvention to attribute beauty to only one of the twosexes:thesexwhich,howeverFair,isalwaysSecond.Associating beauty with women has put beauty evenfurtheronthedefensive,morally.Detailed ReadingDR-p4text4. A beautiful woman, we say in English. But ahandsomeman.Handsomeisthemasculineequivalento
22、fandrefusalofacomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones,bybeingreserved for women only. That one can call a manbeautifulinFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries unlike those countries shaped by theProtestant version of Christianity still retain somevestiges of the pagan admirat
23、ion for beauty. But thedifference, if one exists, is of degree only. In everymodern country that is Christian or post-Christian,womenarethebeautifulsextothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.Detailed ReadingDR-p5atext5.Tobecalledbeautifulisthoughttonamesomethingessential to womens character
24、 and concerns. (Incontrasttomenwhoseessenceistobestrong,oreffective,orcompetent.)Itdoesnottakesomeoneinthethroesofadvancedfeministawarenesstoperceivethatthewaywomenaretaughttobeinvolvedwithbeautyencourages narcissism, reinforces dependence andimmaturity.Detailed ReadingDR-p5btextEverybody (women and
25、 men) knows that. For it iseverybody, a whole society, that has identified beingfemininewithcaringabouthowonelooks.(Incontrasttobeingmasculinewhichisidentifiedwithcaringaboutwhat one is and does and only secondarily, if at all,abouthowonelooks.)Giventhesestereotypes,itisnowonder that beauty enjoys,
26、at best, a rather mixedreputation.Detailed ReadingDR-p6text6.Itisnot,ofcourse,thedesiretobebeautifulthatiswrong but the obligation to be or to try. What isacceptedbymostwomenasaflatteringidealizationoftheirsexisawayofmakingwomenfeelinferiortowhattheyactuallyareornormallygrowtobe.Fortheidealofbeautyi
27、sadministeredasaformofself-oppression.Womenaretaughttoseetheirbodiesinparts,andtoevaluate each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips,waistline,neck,eyes,nose,complexion,hairandsooneachinturnissubmittedtoananxious,fretful,oftendespairingscrutiny.Evenifsomepassmuster,somewillalwaysbefoundwanting.Nothin
28、glessthanperfectionwilldo.Detailed ReadingDR-p7text7.Inmen,goodlooksisawhole,somethingtakeninata glance. It does not need to be confirmed by givingmeasurementsofdifferentregionsofthebody.Nobodyencouragesamantodissecthisappearance,featurebyfeature.Asforperfection,thatisconsideredtrivial-almostunmanly
29、.Indeed,intheideallygood-lookingmanasmallimperfectionorblemishisconsideredpositivelydesirable.Accordingtoonemoviecritic(awoman)whoisadeclaredRobertRedfordfan,itishavingthatclusterofskin-coloredmolesononecheekthatsavesRedfordfrom being merely a pretty face. Think of thedepreciationofwomenaswellasofbe
30、auty-thatisimpliedinthatjudgment.Detailed ReadingDR-p8text8.The privileges of beauty are immense, saidCocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. Anddeservedlyso.Whatislamentableisthatitistheonlyformofpowerthatmostwomenareencouragedtoseek.Thispowerisalwaysconceivedinrelationtomen;itisnotthepower
31、todobutthepowertoattract.Itisapowerthatnegatesitself.Forthispowerisnotonethatcanbechosenfreelyorrenouncedwithoutsocialcensure.Detailed ReadingDR-p9text9.Topreen,forawoman,canneverbejustapleasure.Itisalsoaduty.Itisherwork.Ifawomandoesrealwork and even if she has clambered up to a leadingpositioninpol
32、itics,law,medicine,business,orwhateversheisalwaysunderpressuretoconfessthatshestillworksatbeingattractive.ButinsofarassheiskeepingupasoneoftheFairSex,shebringsundersuspicionher very capacity to be objective, professional,authoritative, and thoughtful. Damned if they do -womenare.Anddamnediftheydont.
33、Detailed ReadingDR-p10atext10. One could hardly ask for more importantevidenceofthedangersofconsideringpersonsassplitbetweenwhatisinsideandwhatisoutsidethanthatinterminablehalf-comichalf-tragictale,theoppressionofwomen.Howeasyitistostartoffbydefiningwomenascaretakersoftheirsurfaces,andthentodisparag
34、ethem(or find them adorable) for being superficial. It is acrudetrap,andithasworkedfortoolong.Detailed ReadingDR-p10btextButtogetoutofthetraprequiresthatwomengetsomecriticaldistancefromthatexcellenceandprivilegewhichis beauty, enough distance to see how much beautyitself has been abridged in order t
35、o prop up themythologyofthefeminine.Thereshouldbeawayofsavingbeautyfromwomenandforthem.Detailed ReadingDR:p1-3AnalysisParagraph1-3AnalysisThesethreeparagraphs,thebeginningpartoftheessay,reviewthechangesinthenotionandpositionofbeautyfromtheangleofhistoryandassertthatforalmosttwohundred years, it has
36、become a habitual practice tocredit beauty with the weaker sex, which is alwayssecondaryinstatus,nomatterhowbeautifulitis,andthat attributing beauty to women has rendered beautyevenmoremorallyvulnerable.Detailed ReadingDR:p4-9AnalysisParagraph4-9AnalysisIn these paragraphs, the major part of the ess
37、ay, theauthorarguesthatassociatingbeautywithwomendoesmuchharmtothenotionofbeautyandinparticulartowomen and abridges their rights and interests.Meanwhile,thewriterexposesandcriticizesthesocialprejudices against women in relation to beauty. Shedefendswomensrightsandinterestsbycriticizingthewrong viewp
38、oints concerning beauty and women andexpressingherownopinionswithoutreserve.Detailed ReadingDR:p10AnalysisParagraph10AnalysisInthisparagraph,theconclusionoftheessay,thewriterpointsoutthattheoppressionofwomenmakesupaninterminable half-comic half-tragic tale,and thattogetout of the crude trap women ar
39、e required to examinebeautyobjectively sothattheymayrealize howmuchbeautyitselfhasbeenabridged.Finally,theauthorcallsonpeopletodosomethingtosavebeautyfromwomenandforwomen.Detailed ReadingDR-Questions-p1Paragraph1:QuestionWhatisthefunctionoffirstsentenceofthisparagraph?Canyouinterpretthissentence?Det
40、ailed ReadingItisatransitionalsentence.Greek consider beauty as whole, so students ofSocratesmayresisthimbecausehewasugly. Yet,wedonot,sincewehadsplitthe“beauty”off,say,“inside”and“outside”.DR-Questions-p1-2Paragraph1-2:QuestionWhat is the contrast mentioned in the first twoparagraphs?Detailed Readi
41、ngItisthecontrastbetweenthedifferentnotionsofbeautyheldbytheancientGreeksandthemodernmenwe:theGreeksconsideredbeautytobeavirtue,andtheyseldomdistinguished between a persons inside and outsideand invariably expected that inner beauty would bematched by outward beauty; but nowadays we do theopposite.D
42、R-Questions-p1-3Detailed ReadingReadParagraph1through3,trytosummarizethechangingofthenotionof“beauty”.DR-Questions-p4-1Paragraph4:Questions1. Do you think Sontag will agree that “handsome”meanstomenwhat“beautiful”doestowomen?Detailed Reading“Handsome” dose not have the demeaning overtones“beautiful”
43、has.DR-Questions-p4-2Paragraph4:Questions2.WhydoesSontagthinkthatregardingwomenasthebeautifulsexisdetrimentaltoboththenotionofbeautyandthatofwomen?Detailed ReadingItdepreciatesthenotionofbeauty,andimpliesasexuallyunfairjudgmentofwomen.DR-Questions-p5Paragraph5:QuestionWhatdoesSontagrefertoby“stereot
44、ypes”inthelastsentenceofparagraph5?Detailed ReadingFixednotionoftwosexes;whatpeoplegenerallythinkamanorwomanshouldbelike.DR-Questions-p6Paragraph6:QuestionCanyouthinkofanyconcreteexamplesof“aflatteringidealizationoftheirsex”inparagraph6?Detailed ReadingExamples of “a flattering idealization of their
45、 sex”:beauty contests, sex symbols, super model coversDR-Questions-p6-7Paragraph7:QuestionContrast paragraph 6 with paragraph 7, do you thinksocietyisfairinexpectationsofmenandwomenwithregardtotheirlooks?Defendyouropinions.Detailed ReadingOpentodiscussion.DR-Questions-p8Paragraph8:QuestionWhatdoesth
46、eauthorsuggestbyinsistingbeautyisapowerthatnegatesitself?Detailed ReadingItisgenerallyaccepted,perhaps,thatbeautyisaformofpower. However,itisquitelamentablethatitistheonlyformofpowerthatmostwomenareencouragedtoseek.Yet,itisnotthepowertoactorperformbutthepowertoattract people, probably the male. More
47、over, women donot have the freedom to accept or deny the power, buttheyonlyhavetheobligationtoretainitwiththeapprovalofsociety.Thatiswhattheauthorsuggestsinarguingthatbeautyisapowerthatnegatesitself.DR-Questions-p9Paragraph9:QuestionHowisthewordpreentobeinterpretedinparagraph9?Detailed ReadingPreeni
48、ng,abirdsself-makeupbehavior,inreferencetoawoman, isfarmore thanapleasure. Itisher work,hersocialcommitmentbecausesheisalwaysunderpressureto confess that she still works at being attractive eventhoughsheisholdingashighapositionasaman.Intheauthorsview,preening,womensmaking-upforbeauty,isactuallyatrap
49、,fromwhichtheyshouldkeepafardistance.DR-Questions-p10aParagraph10:Question1.Whatdoes“themythologyofthefeminine”mean?Detailed ReadingThetraditional/conventionalizedbutfalsenotionofwhatwomenshouldbelike.DR-Questions-p10bDetailed Reading2.Whatisthewritersattitude?The writer thinks that women have been
50、caught in thecrude trap for too long and, therefore, maintains thatsomeactionshouldbetakentosavebeautyfromwomenandprotectwomensrightsandinterests.LPT-ifitdidoccurtotheGreeksto“IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenapersonsinsideandoutside,theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyof
51、theotherkind.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseIftheGreeksdidthinkofdistinguishingbetweenapersons inner qualities and outward looks, they stillexpectedthatthepersonwhopossessedinnerbeautyshouldpossessasmuchoutwardbeauty.LPT-matchmatchvt.tobeequalto;findsb.orsth.thatfitsorcorrespondstoDetailed Reading1.Noon
52、ecanmatchheratchess.2.We try to match the applicants with appropriatevacancies.e.g.LPT-paradoxicalparadoxicaladj.seeminglyabsurdorcontradictory,evenifactuallywell-founded;conflictingwithapreconceivednotionofwhatisreasonableorpossibleDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thespeakermadesomeparadoxical statements.2.Hi
53、sparadoxicalremarksseemabsurdorcontradictory,buttheyareactuallytrue.3.Itseemsparadoxicalthatthereshouldbeahandfulofrichpeopleinfaceofmillionsofpoorpeople.LPT-seductiveseductiveadj.attractive;tendingtoseduce,charmortemptsb.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Herseductivesmileattractssomanyyoungpeople.2.This offer
54、of a high salary and a free house is veryseductivetotheapplicants.LPT-oneofSocratesmain“OneofSocratesmainpedagogicalactswastobeugly-andteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase Socrates not-so-agreeable looks served as animpor
55、tant means in educating his followers who wereintellectually immature, but undoubtedly handsome; ithelped illustrate his teaching that life was really full ofabsurdorcontradictorythings.LPT-theymayhaveresisted“TheymayhaveresistedSocrateslesson.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase His disciples may have refus
56、ed to accept whatSocratestaughtthem.LPT-wedonotseveralthousandyearslater“Wedonot.Severalthousandyearslater,wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseWedonotresistSocrateslesson.Severalthousandyearslater,wearemorecautiousaboutthecharmsofbeauty.LPT-warywaryadj.cautiousandwatchf
57、ulDetailed Readinge.g.1.Childrenareusuallytoldtobewaryofstrangers.2.Theguardsarekeepingawaryeyeontheguyloafinginthelobby.LPTwenotonlysplitoff“Wenotonlysplitoffwiththegreatestfacilitytheinside(character,intellect)fromtheoutside(looks);but we are actually surprised when someone who isbeautifulisalsoin
58、telligent,talented,good.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseWenotonlydistinguishwiththegreatesteaseapersonscharacterorintellectfromhis/heroutwardlooks,but also feel quite surprised when someone is bothbeautifulandintelligent,talented,andgood.LPTfacilityfacilityn.anabilitytodosth.easilyoreffortlesslyDetailed
59、Readinge.g.1.The thief ran and dodged with such facility thatthepolicemenalmostfailedtocatchhim.2.IcanhardlybelievethatyouspeakEnglishwithsuchfacility.LPTitwasprincipallytheinfluenceof“It was principally the influence of Christianity thatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalidealsofhumanex
60、cellence.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseItwaschieflyduetotheinfluenceofChristianitythatbeauty lost its most important position which it hadoccupied in ideal virtues, embodied in the art andliteratureofancientGreeceandRome.LPTclassicalclassicaladj.of,relatingtoorinfluencedbytheartandliteratureofancient G
61、reece and Rome; (of music) serious andtraditionalinstyle;simple,restrainedandharmoniousinstyleDetailed Readinge.g.1.Aclassical educationisonebasedonthestudyofLatinandGreek.2.SheisstudyingtheclassicalmusicofIndia.3.The style of the architecture is characterized by aclassicalelegance.LPT-bylimitingexc
62、ellence“By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtueonly, Christianity set beauty adrift as an alienated,arbitrary,superficialenchantment.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase By confining excellence (virtus in Latin) to moralvirtue only, Christianity rendered beauty indefinite orunfixedinmeaning,
63、regardingitasakindofestrangedandshallowcharmdeterminedonlybypersonalopinionorimpulse.LPT-alienatealienatevt.to estrange sb.; cause sb. to become unfriendly orindifferentDetailed Readinge.g.1.The Prime Ministers policy alienated many of herfollowers.2.Manyartistsfeelalienatedfromsociety.LPT-arbitrary
64、arbitraryadj.basedonpersonalopinionorimpulse,notonprinciplesorreason;usinguncontrolledpowerwithoutconsideringothers,dictatorial,likeadictatorDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thechoiceofplayersfortheteamseemscompletelyarbitrary.2.Anarbitraryrulerwieldshisarbitrarypowers.LPT-andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige“A
65、ndbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase Because of the influence of Christianity, beauty hascontinuedtosufferalossofmoralsignificance.LPT-prestigeprestigen.respectbasedongoodreputation,pastachievements,etc.;powertoimpressothers,esp.asaresultofwealth,distinction,glamour,etc.Det
66、ailed Readinge.g.1.Themansufferedalossofprestigewhenthescandalwaspublicized.2.Sheenjoysprestigeinthecommunity.LPT-forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecome“Forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecomeaconventiontoattributebeautytoonlyoneofthetwosexes:thesexwhich,howeverFair,isalwaysSecond.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase F
67、or nearly two hundred years, it has become acustomarypracticetoascribebeautytoonlyoneofthetwo sexes: the female sex, which is always second inposition,nomatterhowfairitis.Note:Bytheway,thefairsexisanexpressionforwomenasawhole.LPT-Associatingbeautywithwomenhasput“Associating beauty with women has put
68、 beauty evenfurtheronthedefensive,morally.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseConnectingbeautywithwomenhasplacedbeautyinamorevulnerableposition,formoralreasons.LPT-onthedefensiveonthedefensive:expectingtobeattackedorcriticized;inanattitudeorpositionofdefenseDetailed Readinge.g.1.The team was thrown on the de
69、fensive as theiropponentsrallied.2.Talking about boy friends always puts her on the defensive.3.Thetroopsarestandingon the defensive.LPT-handsomeisthemasculineequivalentHandsomeisthemasculineequivalentof-andrefusalof - a compliment which has accumulated certaindemeaning overtones, by being reserved
70、for womenonly.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseThewordhandsomeisusedasacomplimentformenasthewordbeautifulisforwomen;whatsmore,theuseof handsome instead of beautiful in describing menindicatesthatmenareunwillingtoassociatethemselveswith the notion of beauty, because the term hasacquiredsomederogatoryconnot
71、ationsasaresultofitsalmostexclusiveuseforwomen.LPT-equivalentequivalentn.acorrespondingthing;anamountofequalvalue,wordofthesamemeaningDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thisnewrefrigeratorcosttheequivalentofmywholemonthssalary.2.IsthereaFrenchwordthatistheexactequivalentoftheEnglishwordhome?LPT-thatonecancallama
72、nbeautiful“Thatonecancall amanbeautiful inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries.retainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseThefactthatamancanbedescribedasbeautifulinFrenchandinItalianindicatesthatthecountrieswhereRomanCatholicism stillexercisesadominantinflu
73、ence,different from those influenced greatly by the variant ofChristianReligion adoptedbytheProtestants,stillkeepsome traces of the pagan appreciation and respect ofbeauty.LPT-womenarethebeautifulsex“womenarethebeautifulsextothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase
74、women are the beautiful sex, which does harm orcausesalosstothenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.LPT-tothedetrimentofsb.tothedetrimentofsb.orsth.:harmingsb.orsth.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Heworkslonghours,to the detriment ofhishealth.2.Hereadsinpoorlighting,to the detriment ofhiseyes.LPT-ProtestantProtestan
75、tn.&adj.(amember)ofanyoftheChristianbodiesthatseparatedfromtheChurchofRomeinthe16thcentury,oroftheirbranchesformedlaterDetailed Readinge.g.1.ThisisaProtestantchurch.2.TheProtestantministerispresidingovertheservice.LPT-versionversionn.anaccountofamatterfromaparticularpointofview;book,etc.inaparticula
76、reditionortranslation;formorvariantofathingasperformed,adapted,etc.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Hisversion ofthematterisclosetothetruth.2.He made a comparison of the original text with theEnglishversion.3.Maryisalovelyversionofhermother.4.LambsversionofShakespeareissimplerandeasiertoread.LPT-vestigevestige
77、n.asignortraceofsth.thatonceexisted;smallremainingpartofwhatonceexisted;(innegativesentences)notevenasmallamountDetailed Readinge.g.1.There are vestiges of an earlier civilization in thiscountry.2.Youcanseevestigesofbeautyinthewomansagingface.3.Yourinvestigationsholdnotavestigeofglamourforme.LPT-pag
78、anpagann.sb.thatdoesnotfollowoneoftheworldsmainreligions,but follows a less important religion that is usu.consideredquestionable,esp.sb.thatisnotaChristian,Muslim,orJewDetailed Readinge.g.1.Pagansthoughtthatlunareclipseshappenedwhenawitchhidthemooninacave.2.The young woman was driven away from home
79、becauseofhermarriagewithapagan.LPT-itdoesnottakesomeoneinthethroes“It does not take someone in the throes of advancedfeministawarenesstoperceivethatthewaywomenaretaughttobeinvolvedwithbeautyencouragesnarcissism,reinforcesdependenceandimmaturity.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase Anyone, not to mention thos
80、e who endeavour topromote a strong awareness of womens rights, can beaware that the way women are taught to be associatedwith beauty encourages them to harbor abnormal andexcessiveloveandadmirationforthemselves,strengthenstheirsenseofdependence,andcausesthemtodevelopimmaturequalities,e.g.,thelackofw
81、isdomandemotionsnormallyassociatedwithmatureadults.LPT-throesthroesn.severepains;agonizingstruggleDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thethroesofchildbirtharehardtobear.2.TheblackpeopleinthisAfricancountryarestillinthethroesofapartheid.LPT-narcissismnarcissismn. abnormal and excessive love or admiration foronesel
82、fDetailed Readinge.g.1.Hernarcissism isnotwell-grounded.2.Yournarcissismpreventsyoufrommakinganyfurtherprogress.3.Narcissismisapsychologicalterm.LPT-everybodyknowsthatforitiseverybody“Everybody (women and men) knows that. For it iseverybody, a whole society, that has identified beingfemininewithcari
83、ngabouthowonelooks.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseEverybody(womenandmen)isawareofthat,foritiseverybody,awholesociety,thathasassociatedwomenwithmuchcareabouttheirlooks.LPT-identifyidentifysth.withsth.else:considersth.tobeidenticalwithsth.else;equatetwothingsDetailed Readinge.g.1.Onecannotidentify wealth
84、withhappiness.2.Wecannotidentify outward beauty withinnerbeauty.LPT-Giventhesestereotypes“Given these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beautyenjoys,atbest,arathermixedreputation.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseWiththeseconventionallyfixedideas,wefinditlittlewonder that beauty is given, at best, a rather
85、 mixedreputation,e.g.,somepeoplepraiseoreulogizeit,orthinkhighlyofitwhileothersnegateitorhavealowopinionofit.LPT-stereotypestereotypen.animage,idea,character,etc.thathasbecomefixedorstandardizedinaconventionalformwithoutindividualityDetailed Readinge.g.1.Wemustbreakthroughthestereotypes.2.It is nece
86、ssary to break through the stereotype ofassigningjobsbysex.LPT-ifnotofcoursethedesiretobe“It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful that iswrongbuttheobligationtobeortotry.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseItgoeswithoutsayingthatthedesiretobebeautifulisnotwrongatall;rather,itistheobligationtobebeaut
87、iful-ortotrytobebeautifulthatisabsolutelywrong.NoteHere the writer emphasizes thatitis entirely wrong thatone should devote too much time, energy and effort tomakingoneselfbeautiful.LPT-inferiorinferioradj.loworlowerinrank,socialposition,importance,quality,etc.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Acaptainis inferi
88、ortoamajor.2.Youmakemefeelinferior.3.Thefurnitureisofinferiorquality.LPT-fortheidealofbeautyis“Fortheidealofbeautyisadministeredasaformofself-oppression.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseFortheattainmentoftheidealofbeingattractiveputswomenunderpressure.Note:Bytheway,thewordfor,acoordinateconjunction,appear
89、sagainatthebeginningofthesentence.LPT-administeradministervt.toseetoitthatsomethingisputintopracticeDetailed Readinge.g.The Red Cross administered aid and relief in theearthquake-strickenarea.LPT-breastsfeethipswaistline-1“Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, eyes, nose,complexion, hair and so on E
90、ven if some passmuster,somewillalwaysbefoundwanting.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase Breasts, feet, hips, waistline, neck, eyes, nose,complexion,hairandsooneachofthesebodypartsissubjected, one by one, to a close and carefulexamination,whilethepersonunderscrutinyismadetofeelanxiousorfretful,andisoftenplun
91、gedintodespair.Even though some are accepted as good enough orsatisfactory,somewillalwaysbefoundunsatisfactory.LPT-breastsfeethipswaistline-2Hereitistobenotedthattheadjectives“anxious”,“fretful”, and “despairing” in the phrase “an anxious,fretful,oftendespairingscrutiny”areusedastransferredepithets（
92、移位修辞）forspecialeffect.Itiswellknownthattheseadjectivesarenormallyemployedtodescribepeople. But here they are utilized as attributes toscrutiny, thus creating a special rhetorical effect, orgeneratingamoregraphicallyvividimpression.Detailed ReadingLPT-submitsubmitvt.toyieldto,acceptthecontrol,superio
93、rstrength,etc.ofsb.orsth.;givesth.tosb.sothatitmaybeconsidered,decidedon,etc.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Thegeneralsubmittedtothenewgovernment.2.Weshouldsubmittodiscipline.3.Didyousubmityouressaytoyourtutor?LPT-fretfulfretfuladj.irritableorcomplaining,esp.becauseoneisunhappyorworriedDetailed Reading1.What
94、afretful childshehasbecome!2.The fretfulbabyhasbeencryingthewholenight.3.Whatismakingyousofretful?e.g.LPT-passmusterpassmuster:be accepted as adequate or satisfactory; be taken asgoodenoughDetailed Readinge.g.1.Slipshodworkwouldneverpass muster.2.Withfashionableclothesandgoodmake-up,shemighthavepass
95、ed muster.3.Suchexcuseswillneverpass musterwithhim.LPT-nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo“Nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseOnlyutmostperfectionwillpassmuster.LPT-itdoesnotneedtobeconfirmed“It does not need to be confirmed by givingmeasurementsofdifferentregionsofthebody.”Detai
96、led ReadingParaphraseAmansappearancedoesnotneedtobeprovenbyprovidingmeasurementsofdifferentpartsofthebody.LPT-Nobodyencouragesamantodissect“Nobodyencouragesamantodissecthisappearance,featurebyfeature.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseNobodyencouragesamantoevaluatehislooksbyexamining,observingandanalyzinghi
97、sfeaturesonebyoneinminutedetail.LPT-dissectdissectvt.toexamineoranalyzeindetailDetailed Readinge.g.1.Letsdissect hisproposalandquestionhismotives.2.Afterwatchingamovieorreadinganovel,hecoulddissect itforhours.LPT-asforperfectionthatisconsideredtrivial“As for perfection, that is considered trivial al
98、mostunmanly.”Detailed ReadingParaphrasePerfectioninappearance isregardedasinsignificantandalmostuncharacteristicofmen.LPTthinkofthedepreciationofwomen“Think of the depreciation of women as well as ofbeauty-thatisimpliedinthatjudgment.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase Just think of the depreciation of wome
99、n as well asbeautythatisimpliedbythatjudgment.LPTtobesurebeautyisaformofpower“Tobesure,beautyisaformofpower.Anddeservedlyso.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseItgoeswithoutsayingthatbeautyisakindofpowertoattractpeople.Anditisrightlyso.NoteThesentencefragmentAnd deservedly so.isintentionallymade to be an ell
100、iptical to reinforce the expressedmeaning.LPT-deservedlydeservedlyadv.justly,rightly;accordingtowhatisdeservedDetailed Readinge.g.1.Shewasdeservedlypraised.2.Thecriminalwasdeservedlypunished.LPTwhatislamentableisthatitistheonlyform“Whatislamentableisthatitistheonlyformofpowerthatmostwomenareencourag
101、edtoseek.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseWhatisdeplorable isthatbeautyistheonlykindofpowermostwomenareurgedtolookfor.LPT-lamentablelamentableadj.regrettable;deplorable;deservinglamentorregretDetailed Readinge.g.1.Theavalanchecausedalamentablelossofyounglives.2.Thewayhedealtwiththesituationwaslamentable.L
102、PT-thispowerisalwaysconceivedin“Thispowerisalwaysconceivedinrelationtomen;itisnotthepowertodobutthepowertoattract.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseThispowerisalwaystakenashavingtodowithmen;itisnotthepowertodobutthepowertoattractmen.LPT-renouncerenouncevt.(fml.)toagreetogiveupownershiporpossessionofsth.esp
103、.formally;giveupesp.ahabitvoluntarily;abandon;rejectorstopfollowingsb.orsth.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Theformeremperorrenouncedhistitleandprivilege.2.Themanrenouncedalcoholandcigarettes.LPT-censurecensuren.a strong criticism or condemnation; harsh rebuke orreprimandDetailed Readinge.g.1.Helaidhimselfope
104、ntosocialcensure.2.ThePrimeMinisterresignedwithoutpubliccensure.LPT-preenpreenv.tomakeoneselflooktidybycombingoneshair,etc.Detailed Readinge.g.1.Sheispreeningherselfinfrontofthemirror.2.Onsuchoccasionsasfamilyreunion,everyonepreensinloungesuit,newgownandeye-alluringhat.LPT-clamberclambervi.toclimb,e
105、sp.withdifficultyoreffort,usingthehandsandfeetDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thechildrenclamberedovertherocks.2.Shehasclambereduptoaveryhighsocialposition.LPT-butinsofarassheiskeepingupasone“ButinsofarassheiskeepingupasoneoftheFairSex,shebringsundersuspicionherverycapacitytobeobjective,professional,authorita
106、tive,andthoughtful.”Detailed ReadingParaphrase But so long as she keeps herself attractive as awoman,shemakesothersdoubtherpotentialtobeanunbiased,competent,influential,andconsiderateperson.LPT-authoritativeauthoritativeadj.havingorshowingauthority;thatcanbetrusted,reliableDetailed Readinge.g.1.This
107、informationcamefromanauthoritativesource.2.Theseareauthoritativeinstructions.LPT-damnediftheydowomenare“Damnediftheydowomenare.Anddamnediftheydont.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseIftheydopreen,womenarecondemned.However,iftheydont,theyarestillcondemned.LPT-onecouldhardlyaskformoreimportant“One could hardl
108、y ask for more important evidence ofthe dangers of considering persons as split betweenwhat is inside and what is outside than thatinterminablehalf-comichalf-tragictale,theoppressionofwomen.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseThemosttellingevidenceofthedangersofviewingapersons inside and outside as entirely
109、separated istheoppressionofwomen,whichisjustlikeanendlessstory,atoncefunnyandtragic.LPT-disparagedisparagevt.suggest,esp.unfairly,thatsb.orsth.isoflittlevalueorimportanceDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thearticleinthenewspaperdisparagedtheactorsperformanceforcharityasanattempttogetpublicity.2.Hemadesomedispar
110、agingremarksaboutmyability.LPT-itisacrudetrapandithasworkedfortoo“Itisacrudetrap,andithasworkedfortoolong.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseItisacoarsetrapinwhichwomenhavebeencaughtandhavesufferedfortoolong./Itisadirtytrick,andithasbeeneffectivefortoolong.LPT-crudecrudeadj.notcompletelyworkedout,rough;coar
111、se,notshowingtasteorrefinementDetailed Readinge.g.1.Hispaintingsarerathercrude,i.e.notskillfullydone.2.He made some crude jokes (i.e. sexually offensivejokes).LPT-buttogetoutofthetraprequiresthat“Buttogetoutofthetraprequiresthatwomengetsomecriticaldistancefromthatexcellenceandprivilegewhichis beauty
112、, enough distance to see how much beautyitself has been abridged in order to prop up themythologyofthefeminine.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseAndyettogetreleasedfromthetrapdemandsthatwomenstayaconsiderabledistanceawayfrombeautyknownasexcellenceandprivilege,farawayenoughtoseehowmuchbeautyitselfhasbeendis
113、paragedinorderto back up or support the collection of stories aboutwomen.LPT-criticalcriticaladj.of or at a crisis; decisive, crucial; looking for faults,pointingoutfaultsDetailed Readinge.g.1.Thepatientsconditioniscritical.2.Thenationwasatacritical timeinhistory.3.Herhelpwascritical duringtheemerge
114、ncy.4.Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead ofacceptingeverythingatfacevalue.LPT-abridgeabridgevt.to make (a book, etc.) shorter, by using fewer words;condense; reduce (time,distance, extent,scope,etc.);restrain,limitDetailed Readinge.g.1.ThisisanabridgedversionofWarandPeace.2.Lambabridge
115、dShakespearesplays.3.Theairplaneabridgesdistance.4.Thefreedomofspeechshallneverbeabridged.LPT-mythologymythologyn.studyorscienceofmyths;bodyorcollectionofancientstoriesDetailed Readinge.g.1.ThatprofessorspecializesinGreekmythology.2.The young man is fascinated by the stories ofclassicalmythology.LPT
116、-thereshouldbeawayofsavingbeauty“Thereshouldbeawayofsavingbeautyfromwomenandforthem.”Detailed ReadingParaphraseThereoughttobeawayofkeepingbeautyawayfromwomen,andalsoawayofsavingbeautyforthebenefitofwomen.CT-P1a第第1 1段段 中文译文中文译文 美之于希腊人是一种品性，一种美德。今天看来，当时的希腊人就是我们今天不得不称作的“完人”，虽然这个称呼有些蹩脚，还带着几分妒意。希腊人要是真考虑过
117、区分一个人的“内在”和“外在”，他们依然是寄望于内在美要与对应的另外一种美相匹配。（续）Detailed ReadingCT-P1b第第1 1段段 中文译文中文译文(接)出身高贵的雅典青年，聚在苏格拉底身旁，他们发现自己的偶像睿智过人、勇敢无比、声名远扬、魅力四射，却又其貌不扬，这是多么的自相矛盾啊。苏格拉底的一个主要教学手段即为“丑”教诲那些纯洁天真，毋庸置疑相貌堂堂的门生，生活中的悖论其实无处不在。Detailed ReadingCT-P2第第2 2段段 中文译文中文译文他们或许反对苏格拉底的教导，而我们不会。几千年以后，我们对于美的魔力更加谨小慎微。我们不仅用最容易的方式将“内在”(性格
118、、才智)与“外在”(相貌)分开，而且会对那些既有美貌又有智慧、天赋、善良之人，感到诧异。Detailed ReadingCT-P3第第3 3段段 中文译文中文译文主要受到基督教的冲击，美失去了原来处于古典理想的人类美德中的中心地位。基督教将美德(拉丁语virtus)仅局限于道德层面，使美的意思飘忽不定它成了一种孤立、随意、浅薄的诱惑。同时，美的名声一日不如一日。近两个世纪以来，美成为一种既定概念，只用来形容两性之间的一个性别：这个性别无论多么悦目，始终处于第二位。把美和女性联系起来之后，美在道德层面的地位更加脆弱。Detailed ReadingCT-P4第第4 4段段 中文译文中文译文在英语
119、里，我们说一位美丽的女子。而我们却说一位英俊的男子。“英俊”是其阳性的对应词，同时拒绝一些带有某些贬义的赞扬，而这种赞扬是仅用于女性的。在法语和意大利语中，人们还可以称“美丽”的男子，这表明天主教国家与新教国家不同，依然保存着非基督教徒欣赏“美”的痕迹。在任何一个基督教或后基督教国家里，美都是女性的代名词既损害了美这个概念，又损害了女性这个概念。Detailed ReadingCT-P5a第第5 5段段 中文译文中文译文被称为“美”意味着要列出女性性格的本质特征和她们关心的事物。（与男性不同，他们的核心特征是强壮、高效或有能力。）没有超强女权意识的人都能感受到，教导女人和美联系在一起其实是鼓励
120、孤芳自赏，强化女性的依赖性和不成熟。（续）Detailed ReadingCT-P5b第第5 5段段 中文译文中文译文（接）每一个人（男性和女性）都明白这一点。正是“每一个人”，整个社会，把女性与关心自己的外表画上了等号。（男性则不同：他们身份的确认是关注某人是谁，做什么的，至于长相，充其量也是次要的。）在这么多成见前，难怪美顶多也只有个毁誉参半的名声。Detailed ReadingCT-P6第第6 6段段 中文译文中文译文当然，对美的追求并没有过错，错误在于把美或者变美当成了一种义务。大多数女性都接受的一种讨好她们的理想方法是，让她们感到比实际的自己或成长后的自己逊色。因为理想中的美被赋予
121、了一种自我压抑的形式。人们教导女性要从各个部分审视自己，对每个部分分别加以评价。乳房、脚、臀部、颈、眼睛、鼻子、肤质、头发，等等依次接受焦虑、苦恼，甚至绝望的审核。即使有些部分合格了，但总有地方有提升的空间。只有完美无瑕了才能无可挑剔。Detailed ReadingCT-P7第第7 7段段 中文译文中文译文在男人身上，俊朗的外表被视作一个整体，是一眼扫过去就能确定的，不需要对身体的各个部分加以测量。没有人会鼓励男人一块一块地细查自己的外貌。至于完美，更是被当做无关紧要的，甚至会被看做没有男子汉气概的。确实，在理想的美男子身上有不足之处或瑕疵，反倒讨人喜欢。一位电影评论人（女性），声称自己是罗
122、伯特雷福德的影迷，认为正是雷福德脸颊一侧有一颗肉色的痣才避免了他被认为仅有一张“漂亮的脸蛋”。想一想：这句评价之中暗含了多少对女性的贬低和对“美”的贬低。Detailed ReadingCT-P8第第8 8段段 中文译文中文译文“美的特权有很多很多，”科克特说道。当然，美是一种力量，而且理应如此。但遗憾的是这是鼓励女人追求的唯一力量形式。这种力量只有与男人挂钩时才能孕育；这不是行动的力量，而是吸引的力量。这种力量否定了自身。原因在于这种力量不能自主选择，或者不受公众谴责地自由放弃。Detailed ReadingCT-P9第第9 9段段 中文译文中文译文梳妆打扮于女性而言从来都不只是一件快乐的
123、事。它也是一种责任，是她的工作。女人如果有份实在的工作，要是能跻身政治、法律、医疗、商业等领域的领导岗位，她始终身负压力，要承认依旧花心思让自己充满女性的魅力。但只要她保持“悦目性别”中一员的身份，她就要受到质疑是否有能力保持客观、专业、权威和缜密。她们化妆的话，要饱受诟病；不化妆，还是要遭受谴责。Detailed ReadingCT-P10a第第1010段段 中文译文中文译文 听了那些没完没了的悲喜参半的压迫女人的故事，谁还能要求更重要的证据来说明对人做出“内在”和“外在”之分的危险。从把女性定性为注重外表的人入手，再来声讨她们“浅薄”（或认为她们因为“浅薄”而可爱），真是不费吹灰之力。这是
124、一个粗俗的陷阱，而且存在了太久。（续）Detailed ReadingCT-P10b第第1010段段 中文译文中文译文（接）然而，要摆脱这个陷阱需要女性与美的好处和特权保持严格的距离，要有足够的距离让女性看清，为了支撑“女性”这个神话，“美”这个概念有多少被删节了。应该能找到一种办法将“美”从女性那里解救出来，并且留在女人身上。Detailed ReadingConsolidationNAVpageConsolidation Activities Text Comprehension Writing Strategies Language Work Translation Oral Activ
125、ities Writing Listening ExercisesCA-textcomprehension-1I. Decide which of the following best states the authorspurpose.A.ToshowherantagonismtowardsChristianity.B.TodemonstratehersupportforCatholicism.C.Toclarifyherbeliefthatbeautyembodiesinsideandoutside.D.Topresentherfeministviewonthenotionofbeauty
126、.Text 1: Text Comprehension D CA-textcomprehension-2II. Judge, according to the text, whether the followingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Text 1: Text Comprehension 1.TheGreekstendedtodistinguishbetweenapersonsinsidebeautyandhisoutsidebeauty. F 2.OnecallsamanbeautifulinFrenchandinItalian,butseldomdoessoin
127、English. T 3. What makes men different from women in terms ofcharacter is that men must be strong, or effective, orcompetentwhilewomenonlybeautiful. T 4.Thedesiretobebeautifuliswrongbuttheobligationtobeiscorrect. F CA-textcomprehension-3Text 1: Text Comprehension 5.Thetoneoftheauthorisintenselybitte
128、rwhenshetalksaboutwomansbodybeingscrutinizedseparatelyinparts. T 6.Theauthorisfretful,andirritablewhenshementionsthatwomens capability is suspected just because theybelongtotheFairSex. T 7.Womenshouldbedefinedascaretakersoftheirlooks,andthenbedisparagedasbeingsuperficial. F CA-writingstrategies-1Thi
129、s text about beauty is a revealing piece ofargumentation, in which the author elaborates on thenotionofbeauty,andcriticizesmodernpeoplesnarrowinterpretation of the term and the social prejudicesagainstwomen.The author employs such major writing strategies asargumentation, illustration, contrast, dis
130、junctive syntax,etc. Also, the beginning is closely and naturallyassociatedorconnectedwiththeconclusion.Thetoneofthe argumentative essay is objective or matter-of-fact,andthewritersattitudeisclearlycritical.Thefollowingtwoquestionsareworthdiscussing:Text 1: Writing Strategies CA-writingstrategies-2(
131、1) Which paragraphs of the text involve the use ofcontrast?Text 1: Writing Strategies Paragraphs 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 involve the use ofcontrast. Especially, Paragraph 5 is characterized byrepeateduseofcontrast.CA-writingstrategies-3(2) Howisthebeginningcloselyrelatedtotheendofthetext?Text 1: Writin
132、g Strategies Attheendofthebeginningpart,thewriterasserts,Forclose to two centuries it has become a convention toattribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sexwhich, however Fair, is always Second. Associatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive, morally. In the conclusion of
133、the text, theauthortellswomenhowtogetoutofthecrudetrapinwhichtheyhavebeencaughtfortoolongandcallsonpeople to do something or take action to save beautyfromwomenandforwomen.Thus,thebeginningandtheconclusionarenaturallyassociatedwitheachother.CA-LGWK-explaining-1Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sente
134、nces | Grammar | ClozeExplaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1. The well-born young Athenians who gathered aroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxical?wereattractedbyandthuswerefollowingclosely2.Christianitysetbeautyadriftasanalienated,arbitrary,superficialenchantment.nolongerconsideredbeaut
135、yasofcentralimportanceCA-LGWK-explaining-2Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3.womenarethebeautifulsextothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.thusbringingharmto4.Fortheidealofbeautyisadministeredasaformofself-oppression.putintopractice5. each in turn is submitted t
136、o an anxious, fretful, oftendespairingscrutiny.subjectedtoCA-LGWK-explaining-3Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze6.Nothinglessthanperfectionwilldo.Onlyutmost7.Thispowerisalwaysconceivedinrelationtomen.incomparisonwiththatofCA-LGWK-Synonyms-1Explaining | Synonyms | Filling |
137、 Sentences | Grammar | ClozeII.Fillineachblankwithoneofthetwowordsfromeachpair in their appropriate forms and note the difference ofmeaningbetweenthem.resistwithstandResistmeanstoactcountertoorfightagainstinordertostop,prevent,or defeat, while withstand means to hold out against someone orsomething,
138、 and usually implies that the initiative for the action wastakenbytheopposingside,anditmightalsosuggeststrongmoralorphysicalqualitiesinthepersonorgroupdoingthewithstanding. 1.TheministersaidthathergovernmentwouldresistasingleEuropeancurrencybeingimposedonhercountry.resist_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-2Explainin
139、g | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze2.Thehelmetsaredesignedtowithstandimpactsequivalenttoafallfromabicycle.withstand_3.Theyrealizeditwouldbesuicidaltoresistinthefaceofoverwhelmingmilitarysuperiority.resist_4. Their arguments could not even withstand the mostsuperficialscrutiny.withst
140、and_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-3Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeretainkeepThe two words are sometimes interchangeable in the sense ofcontinuingtohavesomething. Retaincanspeciallypointtothestayingpowerofamemorythatoftencomestomindinvoluntarilyorwithouteffort,involvingthequestionofm
141、entallyholdingontofactsordetailsthat one is trying to learn. Keep can mean to store somethingsomewhereforfutureuse,andthewordhasquiteafewcollocationsofitsown,suchaskeepaccounts,keeptime,keeptrack,etc.1. The strawberries are kept in cold storage to preventspoilingduringtransportation.kept_CA-LGWK-Syn
142、onyms-4Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze2. They were given a test to measure how much of thereadingexerciseeachpersonhadretainedaftersevendays.retained_3.Thebossretainshisenormousinfluencebyreasonofhisposition.retains_4.Governmentsandbusinesseswillstartkeepingaccountsineu
143、ros.keeping_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-5Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Clozeobligationduty Obligation refersgenerallytoanythingthatoneiscompelledtodo,ortoforbearfromdoing,bylaw,contract,promise,morality,orthelike.Thewordoftenimpliesimmediatepressuretocarryout,ortorefrainfrom,aparticul
144、araction.Duty primarilyreferstotheworkortasksonehastoperform.Itisoftenusedinterchangeablywithobligation,andinthis case the word more often refers to that which springs from aninteriormoralorethicalimpulsefatherthanfromexternaldemands.1.Ministersareundernoobligationtofollowthecommitteesrecommendation
145、s.obligation_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-6Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze2. When teachers assign homework, students usually feela(n)obligationtodoit.3.Afteralongsickleave,heresumedhisdutiesathisowndepartment.4.Staffaresupposedtoreportfordutyatthenormalplaceofwork.obligation_duties
146、_duty_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-7Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozePrestige emphasizesthequalityofdeservingadmirationandrespectforthepositionsomeoneholdsorforthethingshehasachieved.Fame referstothestateofbeingwell-known,butitdoesnotnecessarilyimplyrespectoradmirationfromothers.pres
147、tigefame1.TheyoungoperasingergainedinternationalprestigeaftersheperformedattheWhiteHouse.2. At Hippo, on the east coast of Africa, a dolphin evenallowedpeopletorideonitsback.Itsfamespreadsowidethatpeoplefromdifferentplacescametoseeit.prestige_fame_CA-LGWK-Synonyms-8Explaining | Synonyms | Filling |
148、Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3. The Prime Minister learned with sadness the death ofBuffet, who had made an outstanding contribution to theculturalprestigeofthecountry.4. The director exploded into fame with his Red Sorghum,which wonthefirstinternational award fortheChinese filmindustry.prestige_fame_
149、CA-Filling-1Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeFillintheblank ineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromthebox,usingitsappropriateform.enchantment disparage scrutinycomplimentrenounceabridgeprestigefretfulconceivesecondarilyadorablecensure1. The Minister was alleged to have m
150、ade disparagingremarksabouttherestoftheCabinet.disparaging_2.TheCEOwascensuredforhisindecisivenessduringtheperiodofeconomiccrisis.censured_CA-Filling-2Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3.Theactualdamagetothebraincellsissecondarytothedamagecausedtothebloodsupply.secondary_4
151、.TheEarthisthoughttobearound4,600millionyearsold,analmostinconceivabletime-span.inconceivable_5.Harvardisoneofthebestequippedandmostprestigiousschoolsinthecountry.prestigious_6.ItwasaPuritanwhotriedeffectivelytorenouncetheancientcustomsofhiscountry.renounce_CA-Filling-3Explaining | Synonyms | Fillin
152、g | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze7.Lloydsresultswerecarefullyscrutinizedasaguidetowhattoexpectfromtheotherbanks.scrutinized_8. We often get complimentary remarks regarding plimentary_CA-sentence-1Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeIV. Make a sentence of your own for each of t
153、he givenwordswithmeaningsotherthanthoseusedinthetext.Youmaychangethepartofspeechofthesewords.1.lameHemumbledsomelameexcuseaboutbeinglateforclassagain.2.facilityWhatrecreationalfacilitiesarenowavailable?3.conventionThegovernorhasenjoyedahugesurgeinthepollsinthewakeoflastweeksconvention.CA-sentence-2E
154、xplaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze4.separateWhatseparatesterrorismfromotheractsofviolence?5.equivalentThe price rises are bound to result in equivalent wageincreases.6.preenHepreenedhimselfonthepraisehehadreceived.CA-grammar-1Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Gr
155、ammar | ClozeV.Giveboththematicandfocalprominencetotheunderlinedelementsinsentencesbelow,usingtheconstructionofcleftsentencesorpseudo-cleftsentences.1.Themantreatedhisparentsviciously.12(1)Itwashisparentsthathetreatedviciously.(2)Itwasviciouslythathetreatedhisparents.2.Atthestationweweremetbyayoungm
156、ancarryinga12smallflag.(1)Itwasatthestationthatweweremetbyayoungmancarryingasmallflag.(2)Itwasbyayoungmancarryingasmallflagthatweweremetatthestation.CA-grammar-2Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze3.Georgesfatherneededthecashbadly.12(1)ItwasGeorgesfatherwhoneededthecashbadly
157、.(2)ItwasthecashthatGeorgesfatherneededbadly.Or:WhatGeorgesfatherneededbadlywasthecash.4.Hisfellowstudentselectedhimmonitoroftheclass.12(1)Whathisfellowstudentsdidwaselecthimmonitoroftheclass.(2) It was monitor of the class that his fellow studentselectedhim.CA-grammar-3Explaining | Synonyms | Filli
158、ng | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze5.Hecouldnotrepairthehi-fisystem.Whathecouldnotdowasrepairthehi-fisystem.Or:Torepairthehi-fisystemwaswhathecouldnotdo.6.Hehasmadeuphismindtopassthetest.Whathehasmadeuphismindtodoistopassthetest.7.Helenhasbeenstudyinglinguisticsforyears.WhatHelenhasbeendoingforyearsiss
159、tudyinglinguistics.8.Cathyhasworkedhardonthedoctorateprogram.What Cathy has done is working hard on the doctorateprogram.CA-grammar-4Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | Cloze9.Theyareruiningthenationaleconomy.Whattheyaredoingisruiningthenationaleconomy.10.Theaccidenttookplacehere
160、.Hereiswheretheaccidenttookplace.Or:Itwasherethattheaccidenttookplace.Note:Thecleftsentenceisaspecialconstructionwhichgivesboththematicandfocalprominencetoaparticularelementoftheclause.Itissocalledbecauseitdividesasingleclauseintotwoseparatesections,eachwithitsownverb.CA-grammar-5Mostcleftsentencest
161、atementsbeginwiththepronounitfollowedbytheverbbe,whichinturnisfollowedbytheelement on which the focus falls. The cleft sentenceunanimously marks the focus of information, and thehighlightedelementhasthefullimplicationofcontrastivefocus, i.e. the rest of the clause is taken as giveninformation. The p
162、seudo-cleft sentence makes explicit the divisionbetween given and new information. It is an SVCsentencewithawh-relativeassubjectorcomplement.Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeCA-cloze-1Wemaypretendthatbeautyisonlyskindeep,butthesadtruthisthatattractivepeopledobetter.Theydo
163、betterinschool,wheretheyreceivemorehelpandarepunished(1)less;atwork,wheretheygetbetterpayandhigher positions; in love, where they control therelationship;andamongstrangers,(2)whothinkthemtobemoreinteresting,honest,andsuccessful.Throughout the ages, people have tried to (3)increase the beauty of thei
164、r faces with makeup. TheEgyptiansusedmake-upmade(4)fromvariousplantsand minerals as early as 6000 B.C. In 200 A.D., aRoman doctor was the (5) first to make cold cream,whichhaschangedlittlesincethen.Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Grammar | ClozeVI.Putawordineachblankthatisappropriatefo
165、rthecontext.less_who_increase_from_first_CA-cloze-2Whatdo those ofus who arent beautiful do? Wecan comfort ourselves with the fact that beauty isrelative.(6)Althoughbeautymaygetourattention,itcanchangeinamatterofmoments.Irememberseeinganactorinamovieandthinkinghimveryhandsome.(7)But when I saw him b
166、eing interviewed on televisionsomemonths(8)later,andheardhimdeclarethathisonly interest in life was playing cards, suddenly hewasnthandsomeatall.Ivewatchedthisworkthe(9)otherway,too,whenanotveryattractivestrangeropenedhismouthtospeakandbecamehandsome.Explaining | Synonyms | Filling | Sentences | Gra
167、mmar | ClozeAlthough_But_later_other_CA-cloze-3Thankheavenforthequalitiesofonescharacter.Thankheaven that, whilst good looks (10) awaken onesattention,atruesenseofapersonsbeautycomesoutinstages. Thank heaven that, as Shakespeare wrote:Lovelooksnotwitheyes,butwiththemind.Explaining | Synonyms | Filli
168、ng | Sentences | Grammar | Clozeawaken_CA-Translation-s1TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassage1.有什么要求就快说，别说那些肉麻的奉承话。(flatter)Speak out what requirement you have of me, and stopmouthingthoseflatteringremarks.2.对自己所受到的待遇不满，他愤然离开了球队。(splitoff)Dissatisfiedwiththetreatmenthehadreceived,hesplitofffromthe
169、team.CA-Translation-s2TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassage3.女权主义者强烈地批评这个电视节目含有性别歧视。(overtone)Feminists have strongly criticized the TV broadcast forcarryingsexistovertones.4.她上大学时沉溺于玩电脑游戏，影响了学业。(tothedetrimentof)She indulged in computer games at college, to thedetrimentofherstudies.CA-Translation
170、-s3TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassage5.那时，这个国家正处在二战后经济最萧条时期。(inthethroesof)ThecountrywastheninthethroesoftheworsteconomicrecessionaftertheSecondWorldWar.6.我们的计算似乎出了点问题。(adrift)Somethingseemstohavegoneadriftinourcalculation.CA-Translation-s4TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassage7.对不太熟悉的人，我不太轻易把
171、我的住址告诉他们。(waryof)ImabitwaryofgivingpeoplemyaddresswhenIdontknowthemverywell.8.他靠着枕头，笔直地坐在病床上。(propup)Hewassittinguprightinhishospitalbed,proppedupbypillows.CA-Translation-p1Throughouttheages,peoplehavetriedtoincreasethe beauty of their faces with makeup. The Egyptiansusedmakeupmadefromvariousplantsa
172、ndmineralsasearly as 6000 B.C.Drawings show that the Egyptiansdrewblacklinesaroundtheireyesandputgreeneyeshadowabovetheireyes.Theypaintedtheirlipsblue-black,theircheeksred,andcoloredtheirfingersandfeetredwithjuicefromaplant.Romanmenlovedmakeup,andleadersinthearmyhadtheirhairbrushedandtheirnailspaint
173、edbeforetheywentintobattle.In200A.D.,aRomandoctorwasthefirsttomakecoldcream,whichhaschangedlittlesincethen.TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassageTranslatethefollowingintoChinese.CA-Translation-p2从古至今，人们一直试图用化妆品来增加容貌的美。早在公元前6000年，埃及人就使用各种植物和矿物质制成的化妆品了。图画表明埃及人在他们的眼角周围画了黑眼线，并在眼睛的上方涂抹绿色的眼影。他们把嘴唇抹成蓝黑色，把
174、脸颊涂成红色，并用植物汁来把自己的手指和脚染成红色。罗马男人喜爱化妆。军队指挥官们都在上战场之前叫人来给自己梳理头发，还把指甲涂上颜色。公元200年，一位罗马医生首先制成冷霜。从那以后，冷霜的制作一直没有多少变化。TranslatingSentences|TranslatingPassage 参考参考译文文CA-T-Notes-flatterflatterv.topraise someone in order togetsomething thatyouwant,especiallyinawaythatisnotsinceree.g.Youretryingtoflatterme,anditwo
175、ntwork.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-splitoffsplitv.intransitivetoseparatefromagroupororganizatione.g.1979wastheyeartheysplitfromtheparty.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-overtoneovertonen.aqualityorfeaturethatisnoticeablebutnotobviouse.g.abookwithpoliticalovertonesNotesofTranslatingSen
176、tencesCA-T-Notes-tothedetrimentofdetrimentn.harmcausedtosomethingasaresultofsomethingelsee.g.Starting formal education too early can be of seriousdetrimenttothechild.tothedetrimentof:e.g.Funding cuts can be implemented, but only to thedetrimentofpatientcare.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-inth
177、ethroesofinthethroesofsomethinginvolvedinadifficultorunpleasantsituationoractivitye.g.Thecountryremainsinthethroesofabitterconflict.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-adriftadriftv.floating onthewaterwithout being tiedtoanything orcontrolledbyanyone;uncontrollablee.g.Therefugeesspentthreedaysadri
178、ftonthetinyboat.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-waryofwaryadj.careful or nervous about someone or somethingbecauseyouthinktheymightcauseaprobleme.g.Hewaswaryofputtingtoomuchtrustinher.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-T-Notes-popuppropupto stop something from falling by putting somethingunderitora
179、gainstite.g.Thewallwasproppedupwithwoodenpoles.NotesofTranslatingSentencesCA-Oralactivities-talk-1Nowadays, many men and women go in for plasticsurgery,notbecausetheysufferfromdisfigurementasaresultofsomeaccident,butbecausetheyintendtolookprettierforagoodjob,orforvanityThismighthappeninyour everyday
180、 life. Suppose you havent seen Lisa, afamiliarfriendofyours,foraboutamonth.Andthenonedayyourunintoherinthestreet;somehowyoufeelshelooks different and you hesitate to say hello. Make adialoguewithLisa.Youcouldprobablystartoutlikethis:You:Hi,areyouLisa?Longtimenosee.Lisa:Yeah,ImLisa.Itsalmostonemonths
181、incewemetlast.WhydidyouhesitatetosayHitome?MakingADialogue|HavingADiscussionMakingadialogueCA-Oralactivities-talk-2MakingADialogue|HavingADiscussion(Thefollowingtalkservesmerelyasreference.)You:Hi,areyouLisa?Longtimenosee.Lisa:Yeah,ImLisa.Itsalmostonemonthsincewemetlast.WhydidyouhesitatetosayHitome?
182、You: Well, you look somewhat different. Whatshappenedtoyou?Lisa:Um,Ihavehadsomeplasticsurgicaloperation.You:Oh,youhave.Whatdidyoudo?Lisa:Firstofall,Igotadoubleeye-liddone.Domyeyeslooklargerandprettier?You:Maybe,Ishouldsay.CA-Oralactivities-talk-3You:Then,Ihadtheridgeofmynosestraightened.Andmylipswer
183、ealsomadethicker.Itissaidthatthicklipslooksexy.You:Comeon.Isitnecessarytosufferfromsuchpainonly to look different? Lisa, to be frank with you, youusedtobethemostbeautifulgirlinourclass.ButnowLisa:Nowwhat?You:Excuseme,andIvegotsomethingurgenttoattendto.Cheerio!Lisa:Wait,waitaminute.IdliketoMakingADia
184、logue|HavingADiscussionCA-Oralactivities-discussion-1Forthousandsofyears,humanbeingshavebeenmakingtremendouseffortsforbeautyandlongevity.Andfor the last hundred years or so, women have beentryingbyallmeanstostaybeautifulaslongaspossible.Ofcourse,however,thedefinitionandunderstandingofbeautyvaryfromp
185、ersontoperson.Andtheideathatthecombinationofinternalandexternalbeautymakesonereally beautiful is widely accepted. Now lets have adiscussiononbeautyitselfandtheimportanceofbeautyinlife.MakingADialogue|HavingADiscussionHavingadiscussionCA-Oralactivities-discussion-2Whatisbeauty?Andisbeautyreallyveryim
186、portantinlife?Differentpeoplewillgivedifferentanswersonthebasis of their different understandings. Have you everheardofQuasimodoinNotre-Dame de Paris,supposedlythemostuglymanevercreatedinfiction?Dontweconsiderhimgood-looking,ifnotbeautiful,inhisheartwhenwehavecometotheendofthenovelorthemovie?Youcoul
187、dmakeuseofthefollowingideasforyourdiscussion.MakingADialogue|HavingADiscussion(Thefollowingservesmerelyasreference.)CA-Oralactivities-discussion-3Forbeauty:Positive reasons:Attractivepeoplehavemorechanceto succeed in school, business, politics, job-hunting,entertainment,figuresportsandotherfieldsofl
188、ife,whicharefullofcompetition.Negative reasons:Beautyisonlyskindeep.Whetherone succeeds or not, it depends on his wisdom,capability, diligence, personal character, patience andotherqualities,ratherthanonhisappearance.Fortheimportanceofbeautyinlife:MakingADialogue|HavingADiscussionCA-Oralactivities-d
189、iscussion-4Positive reasons:Itisonesfreedomtochooseaface-liftoperationoranyothercosmeticsurgicaloperationtoimprovehisorherappearance.Thedesireforbeautyisby no means unjustifiable. It will, on the other hand,trigger the booming of a new business of cosmeticsurgery.Negative reasons: The essence of bea
190、uty lies in itsnaturalness.Thekindof“beauty”producedbycosmeticsurgeonsisartificialandinharmonious.Everybody,eventhe“ugliest”,hassomebeautifulelementsinhisorherappearance. Ones appearance can be improved bysome more natural means, such as sports, nutrition,goodmood,soundsleep,etc.MakingADialogue|Havi
191、ngADiscussionCA-writing-1Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic.VACATIONINGATTHEBEACHORINTHEMOUNTAINSInthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentbycontrast.Youcanuseeitherthepoint-by-pointstyleortheblockstyle.Inthelas
192、tpartyou should bring what you have written to a naturalconclusionormakeasummary.WritingCA-writing-2Thefollowingtransitionaldevicescanbeusedincontrast:1.Incontrast,onthecontrary,however,ontheotherhand;and2.UnlikeA,B;DifferentfromA,BWritingCA-writing-3WritingWriting:EssayDevelopmentbycontrast(sample)
193、CA-LC-1I.Listenforthemainideas.Listentothetalkonce.Task:Listentothefollowingtalk,andchoosethebestanswertocompletethesentenceasitsmainidea.Listen: Thetalkmainlydiscusses_ofColumbiadisaster.A.thecauseB.thedisintegrationC.thefoaminsulationD.thedebrisListening Exercises A CA-LC-2II.Listenforthedetails.L
194、istentothetalkagain.Task:Determinewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Listen again: Listening Exercises1.Theinvestigationshowthatsomethingwentwrongontheorbitersleftside. F 2.RemainsofthesevenastronautskilledinthedisasterwerefoundSaturdaybysearchteams. T 3.Therightsideroseupto60degreesFahrenh
195、eit. F 4.Thelossordamageofthethermaltileswasprobablyresponsibleforthespaceshuttledisaster. T CA-LC-3Listening Exercises5.NASAhasbeenawareofthefactthatfoaminsulationtearingofftherocketstruckthespaceshuttlesinceitslaunch. T 6.TheheadofNASAappointedaUSNavyAdmiraltobetheexclusiveinvestigatoroftheColumbi
196、adisaster. F 7.NASAispayingduerespecttoandtakingspecialcareofthekilledastronaut. T CA-LC-scriptListening ExercisesScriptFEN-NAVFurther EnhancementLead-inQuestionsTextIITextComprehensionQuestionsforDiscussionFunTimeandMemorableQuotesT2-lead-inLead-in QuestionsText II ReadingWhatistherelationshipbetwe
197、enloveandmarriage?Openfordiscussion.T2-p1-2AGRATEFULWIFEHASSECONDTHOUGHTSEllenGoodman1.I know a woman who is a grateful wife. She hasbeenoneforyears.Infact,hergratitudehasbeenasdeepandconstantasheraffection.Andtogethertheyhavetraveledalong,complicatedroad.2.Inthebeginning,thisyoungwifewasgratefultof
198、indherselfmarriedtoamanwholetherwork.Thatwasin1964,whenevenhercollegeprofessorsaidwithoutahintofironythattheyoungwifewasluckytobemarriedtoamanwholetherwork.Peopletalkedlikethatthen.Text II ReadingT2-p3-53.Later, the wife looked around her at the men herclassmates and friends had married and was grat
199、efulthat her husband wasnt threatened, hurt, neglected,insultedthemultiplechoiceofthemid-60sbyherjob.4.Hewasproud.Andhercupoverranwithgratitude.Thatwasthewayitwas.5.In the late 60s when other younger women werehaving consciousness-raising groups, she was havingbabiesandmoregratitude.Text II ReadingT
200、2-p6-76.You see, she discovered that she had a HelpfulHusband. Nothing in her experience had led her toexpect this. Her mother was not married to one; hersisterwasnotmarriedtoone;herbrotherwasnotone.7.Butat4oclockinthemorning,whenthebabycriedand she was exhausted, sometimes she would nudgeher husban
201、d awake (wondering only vaguely how hecouldsleep)andaskhimtofeedtheboy.Hewouldsaysure.Andshewouldsaythankyou.Text II ReadingT2-p8-108.TheGratefulWifeandtheHelpfulHusbanddancedthissamepasdedeuxforadecade.Whenthechildrenwere small and she was sick, he would take charge.Whenitwastheirturntocar-poolands
202、hehadtobeatworkearly,hewoulddrive.Ifshewascominghomelate,hewouldmakedinner.9.Allyouhavetodoisask,hewouldsaywithasmile.10. Andsosheasked.ThewomanwhohadmindedherPsandQsasachildmindedherpleasesandthank-yousasawife.Wouldyoupleaseputthebabyonthepotty? Would you please stop at the store tonight formilk?Wo
203、uldyoupleasepickupJoelatsoccerpractice?Thankyou.Thankyou.Thankyou.Text II ReadingT2-p11-1311. Itishardtoknowwhengratitudefirstbegantograteon my friend. Or when she began saying please andthankyoudutifullyratherthangenuinely.12. Butitprobablybeganwhenshewastiredonedayornight.Inanycase,duringthecar-ti
204、mebetweenonejoband the other, when she would run lists through herhead, she began feeling less thankful for hermoonlightingjobashouseholdmanager.13. She began to realize that all the items of theirsharedlifewerestoredinherexclusivecomputer. Shebegantorealizethatherqueuewassofullofminutiathatshehadno
205、roomforanythingelse.Text II ReadingT2-p14-1614. TheGratefulWifebegantowonderwhysheshouldsaythankyouwhenafathertookcareofhischildrenandwhysheshouldsaypleasewhenahusbandtookcareofhishouse.15. Shebegantorealizethatbeinggratefulmeantbeingresponsible. Being grateful meant assuming that youwereinchargeofc
206、hildrenandlaundryandrunningoutoftoiletpaper.Beinggratefulmeanthavingtoask.Andask.Andask.16. Her husband was not an oppressive or eventhoughtless man. He was helpful. But helpful doesnthave to remember vacuum-cleaner bags. And helpfuldoesntkeeptrackofearlydismissaldays.Text II ReadingT2-p17-1817. Hel
207、pfuldoesntkeepaChristmas-presentlistinhismind.Helpfuldoesnthavetoknowwhowearswhatsizeand colors. Helpful is reminded; helpful is asked.Anythingyouask.Pleaseandthankyou.18. Thewifefeels,shesays,vaguelyfrightenedtofindherself angry at saying please and thank you. Shewondersifsheis,indeed,aningrate.But
208、herwonderingdoesntchangehowshefeelsorwhatshewants.Text II ReadingT2-p19-2019. Thewifewouldliketotakejusthalfthedetailsthatcloghermindlikegritinapore,andhandthemovertoanother manager. The wife would like someone whowouldbegratefulwhenshevolunteeredtotakehisturnatthemarket,orhisweekatthelaundry.20. Th
209、e truth is that after all those years when shedanced her part perfectly, she wants something else.Shedoesntwantahelpfulhusband.Shewantsonewhowillshare.Forthat,shewouldbetrulygrateful.Text II ReadingT2-comprehension-1Text II: ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingmultiple-choicequestions:1.Inthefirsthalfoft
210、he1960s,itwasbelieved,atleastinthe part of the United States where Ellen Goodmanlived,that_.A.awomanwhocouldtravelwithherhusbandwasluckyB.awomanwhocouldgoouttoworkwithherhusbandspermissionwasluckyC.a woman whose husband was threatened, hurt,neglected,andinsultedwasluckyD.a woman whose husband was no
211、t threatened, hurt,neglected,andinsultedwaslucky B T2-comprehension-22.Whywasthewomangratefulinthefirsttenyearsaftermarriage?A.Becausesheenjoyeddeepaffectionbyherhusband.B.Becauseshewasofferedwaterordrinkassoonasshefeltthirsty.C.Becauseshewasluckyenoughtostayawayfromthewomensliberationmovement.D.Bec
212、auseshegotahusbandwhowasalwaysreadytobeofhelptoher.Text II: Comprehension D T2-comprehension-33.Thewomanshelpfulhusbandisnot_.A.initiativeB.helpfulC.gratefulD.responsiveText II: Comprehension4.Afterbeingagratefulwifeforadecade,thewomangraduallyrealizedthat_.A.herhusbandwasnotidealatallB.she should n
213、ot have said so many “pleases” and“thankyous”toherhusbandC.sheshouldnothavedonethehouseholdchoresD.herhusbandshouldtakeoverhalfofherresponsibilitiesforthefamily A D T2-comprehension-45. How is the word helpful used in the 16th and 17thparagraphs? A. It is a grammatical mistake, for as an adjective,
214、itcouldnothavebeenusedasasubjectofasentence. B.Itisusedasthesubjectofsomesentences,standingfora helpful husbandandshowingasenseofbrevity.C.Itisanoun,meaningfullofhelp.D.Itrevealstousthatthewomanwasnolongergratefultoherhusband.Text II: Comprehension B T2-questions-1Text II: Questions for Discussion1.
215、Whatproblemdoesthewomanface?Shelooksbackatthetimewhenshewaswithherhusband.Theimageisofawomanservingherselfupasadelicacyfor a mans pleasure. But she wants to be more than acharminghostess.Shewantstobeagoodwifeandmotherandalsowantstodevelopherselfasanindividualperson.She wants an equal partnership wit
216、h men, not onlyprofessionallybutalsopersonally.T2-questions-2Text II: Questions for Discussion2.Whatisherconceptofarelationshipbetweenhusbandandwife?Inadditiontosharingapermanentromanticattraction,eachexpectstheothertohelpwithmanyproblemsandtosharecertainresponsibilities.Theseresponsibilitiesinclude
217、cooking,doinghousework,andcaringforthechildren.Theyarenotmotivatedbyneedbuttakeanequallyactiveroleinhomemaking.Theyrespecteachotherasindividuals,notassymbols.T2-questions-3Text II: Questions for Discussion3.Whatchangeshavetakenplaceinthewoman?Thereisachangeinthewaysheisthinking,viewingtheworld, and
218、planning her life, a change that results in asignificant re-thinking of her own values and herrelationship with her husband. She doesnt expect to beviewed as subordinate to her husband. She is askingherselfwhatshereallywantsinlife,whethershewillbemosthappy,mostfulfilled,inthetraditionalroleofwifeand
219、motherandwhetherthereareotherwaystoliveherlifethatwilloffergreaterfulfillment.T2-questions-4Text II: Questions for Discussion4.Fromthepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutthemarriagepatterninWesternsocietiesbeforethe1960s?Thehusband wasexpectedtoearnaliving, andthewifewasexpectedtomanagethehouseholdandraisech
220、ildren.ThecareerpatternformostwomeninWesternsocietieswastoworkfull-timeashomemakersandmothers.Thegrowingsplit between home and work reinforced the idea thatwomens rightful place was in the home, while menbelongedinthepublicworldofemploymentandpolitics.T2-questions-5Text II: Questions for Discussion5
221、.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestruthrefertoandwhatistheeffectoftheideathusexpressed?Itreferstothefactthatshewantsahusbandwhowillshareher responsibilities. Coming to such a conclusion hurts. Ittakes courage. But it can be constructive too, for only byfacinguptorealfeelingscanonedealwiththemeffectivelyan
222、dworkoutahappiersolution.T2-Note-authorEllenGoodmanBorn in Newton, Massachusetts in 1941, EllenGoodmangraduatedsummacumlaudefromRadcliffe College. She was a reporter for Newsweek, a featurewriterfortheDetroit Free PressandacolumnistfortheBoston Globebeforebecomingasyndicatedcolumnistfor the Washingt
223、on Post in 1976. She has received aNieman Fellowship and several awards for hernewspapercolumns,appearsoccasionallyontheCBSradioprogramSpectrum,andtheNBC TodayshowandistheauthorofClose to HomeandTurning Points.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-AndtogethertheyhavetraveledalongAnd together they have traveled a
224、long, complicatedroad.(Paragraph1)Both her gratitude and affection have undergone asignificantchangeintermsofwhattheymeantoher.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-themultiplechoiceofthethemultiplechoiceofthemid-60s(Paragraph3)Womensmovementsfirstdevelopedduringthe1800sin the United States and Europe and then sp
225、read toother parts of the world. A second wave of womensmovementsemergedduringthe1960s,anotherperiodofgreatpoliticalandsocialchangeinmanyareasoftheworld. These contemporary womens movements havesoughtgreaterequalityforwomeninthefamily,intheworkplace,andinpoliticallife.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-andherc
226、upoverranAndhercupoverranwithgratitude.(Paragraph4)Shewasmorethangrateful.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-consciousness-raisingconsciousness-raising(Paragraph5)theprocessofmakingpeopleunderstandandcaremoreaboutamoral,social,orpoliticalproblemwithaviewtoencouragingthemtotakeactionNotes of Text IIT2-Note-danc
227、edthissamepasdancedthissamepasdedeuxforadecade(Paragraph8)Theyhadthissamemarriagepatternforadecade.Inballet, a pas de deux is a dance sequence for twodancers.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-car-poolcar-pool(Paragraph8)driving or being driven regularly from one place toanother as a small group, with each mem
228、ber sharingdrivingresponsibilitiesNotes of Text IIT2-Note-pandqPsandQs(Paragraph10)thepolitemannersandbehaviorthatsomebodyadopts,forexample,wheneagertomakeagoodimpressionNotes of Text IIT2-Note-moonlightingjobmoonlightingjob(Paragraph12)anextrajobinadditiontoamainjob,especiallywithouttheknowledgeoft
229、hegovernmenttaxdepartment.Here,itreferstohomemaking.Notes of Text IIT2-Note-ThewifewouldliketotakeThewifewouldliketotakejusthalfthedetailsthatcloghermindlikegritinapore(Paragraph19)Thewifewouldliketosortoutjusthalfofthethingsthatweighdownherthoughts.Notes of Text IIFunTimeFun Time | Memorable Quotes
230、MemorablequotesIhavegivenupreadingbooks;Ifindittakesmymindoffmyself.OscarLevantTheworldisnotaplace,itsastateofmind.AnonymousHuman beings have an inalienable right to inventthemselves.GermaineGreerLife isnt about finding yourself. Life is about creatingyourself.GeorgeBernardShawFun Time | Memorable Quotes上海外上海外语教育出版社教育出版社 出版出版出出 版版 人：庄智象人：庄智象策策 划：牟划：牟 丽薛薛东海海责任任编辑：徐凌晶：徐凌晶校校对测试：李：李 雪雪 贺 音音南京信息工程大学南京信息工程大学刘杰海刘杰海 制作制作主主 编：刘杰海：刘杰海何三宁何三宁 陈志杰志杰 周幼周幼华上海外上海外语教育出版社，教育出版社，20132013 版版权所有所有 翻版必究翻版必究Copyright page
