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1、阅读理解题解题指南阅读理解题解题指南一一. 高考命题破解高考命题破解1. 难度稳定有变难度稳定有变,考查重点明确考查重点明确 高考阅读理解题通常由5篇短文组成,每篇短文设计题目一般为4个,共计20个小题.设计题目中等偏上.2005年的高考试题,从整体来说,难度与2004年相当,2006年较易。 阅读理解题的题型主要有主旨大意题、分析推理题、观点意图题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、深层含义理解题等.阅读题目的设置主要针对文章的细节,大多数题为细节理解题,但也有侧重于运用所给的信息进行推理判断、强化深层理解的题目. 2. 2. 词汇总量增大词汇总量增大, ,阅读速度提高阅读速度提高 阅读的目的是获取信
2、息.阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面.阅读速度是反映阅读能力的一个主要方面.没有一定的阅读速度,就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上合理运用英语.近年来词汇量增大是阅读理解题最明显的特征。在单位时间内,词汇量增大意味着阅读速度的提高。这就要求考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧进行快速阅读，搜索关键词、主题句，捕捉情节、人物、观点等有效信息，理清文章脉络，把握语篇内容。在有限的时间内完成大量的阅读任务，显示了高考英语试卷突出语篇处理、加大深层信息处理力度的命题趋势。3. 3. 体裁分布均匀，题材趋向多体裁分布均匀，题材趋向多元元 高考阅读理解的文章的体裁一般为应用文、记叙文、
3、说明文和议论文。每年的试题都包含了这四种体裁，以说明文和应用文为主，但几乎每年都有一篇记叙文。题材趋向多元化，包括古代传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保和经济等。材料来源广泛，有些节选自各类丛书，有些出自报纸杂志，有些选自各类活页宣传资料。每年选用的五篇短文几乎均为不同的题材，体裁也尽量不同。文章多为母语为英语的人所写，原汁原味地反映国外的生活，很少涉及国内题材，这符合中学生学习英语的目的。题材的选择体现了“贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生“的原则。二、二、 有效阅读的常见步骤有效阅读的常见步骤1、浏览所给问题，获取一些相关的信息。2、快速通读全文，理解文章主要意思。3、针对问题，仔细
4、阅读，捕捉与问题有关的准确信 息，切忌主观想像。4、反馈检查，核实答案（在时间允许的情况下）。 A China Daily Website held a press conference on May 25,2005 to formally announce an activity named“Use Accurate English toWelcome the OlympicsPublic Bilingual (双语的)Sign Standardization Drive” in major Chinese cities, beginning from Beijing, Shanghai,
5、Xian, and Guangzhou. The activity aims to prepare for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by creating a better language learning environment, and more importantly, enhancing the nations international image. Organized by China Daily Website, the activity is supported by the Cultural and Education Section
6、of the Canadian Embassy. Chinas famous universities will participate as well, such as the University of international business and Economics, Shanghai International Studies University, Xian International Studies University, and Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Reportedly, students of a Beiji
7、ng junior high school found91 mistakes on bilingual signposts in the Wangfujing and Xidan areas (two of Beijings most prosperous areas) last year. Such errors in English usage as these happen because there is nouniform criterion for bilingual use. Through this activity, we hope when athletes from al
8、l over the world arrive in Beijing in 2008, they will find that all the English signposts have clear and standard English, whether signs at tourist sites or highway. Also, China Daily Website hopes the entire society will pay more attention to this problem,find the mistakes, and correct them.Lets ma
9、ke a real lnternational Beijing for the Olympic Games! Here We Go!1.The activity aims to make English standard on _. A.TV B. signposts C. newspaper D. highways2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A.The activity will be carried out only in Beijing, the host city of 2
10、008 Olympic Games. B.The activity was organized by the Cultural and Education Section of the British Council. C.Students from universities in Beijing found 91 mistakes on bilingual signposts in the Wangfujing and Xidan areas D.The reason for these mistakes is that there is no uniform criterion for b
11、ilingual use. BD3.The writer uses the examples of the Wangfujing and Xidan areas to show that _.A.They are the most prosperous places in Beijing .B.Public bilingual sign standardization is in urgent need.C.The two places are to blame for the poor managermentD.The mistakes on bilingual signposts in t
12、he two areas are the most serious.4.The underlined word“enhancing”(in paragraph 2) most probably means“_”A.improving B. decreasing C.reducing D.preventingBA猜测词义题常见的解题方法猜测词义题常见的解题方法1 根据构词法猜测词义根据构词法猜测词义 这类题主要针对单词而言，被猜测的词都是由考生所熟知的词通过构词法构成的生词。 构词法主要有：派生法派生法（加前、后缀）、合成法合成法以及转化法转化法。对于派生法和合成法类词，只要将已知词的词义或前后
13、缀的含义结合起来分析，便可以推出其词义；对于转化法类词，则应根据其基本含义结合上下文的逻辑关系推测。2 根据文中定义或解释猜测词义根据文中定义或解释猜测词义 有些文章中被猜测部分的上下文有定义或解释性的内容，这些内容常会出现在系动词be ，连词or， that is ，破折号之后或定语从句中，只要我们理清句子结构，判断前后句意是解释关系，定义关系或同位关系，便可准确猜出词义。3 根据上下文线索猜测词义根据上下文线索猜测词义 在猜测词义的试题中，这一类的比例最大。它包括对单词词义的推断，对词组含义的推断，以及对整个句子意思的猜测。近几年的高考试题中，猜测短语意思或整个句意的试题明显增多。 Whe
14、n I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly, I found that Chinese Students or other Asian students were very polite in class while America students often Interrupted the professor, asking questions and controlling the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive(坚持己见的) as
15、American students. I was impressd by the role of the professor in the seminar(讨论会).The professor didnt act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher lookingfor answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic feature of his interacting with his students was that h
16、e used many modal verbs far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions he usually said,“this is my personal opinion and it could be wrong.” or “You could be right, but you might find this point ofBview also interesting.” In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and c
17、orrect directions.Therefore,students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how discouraged they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese st
18、udents got the answer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our University complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition.The examinations in America usual
19、ly do not test a students ability to memorizethe material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but a process of increasing critical thinking. 5.In the USA,when the students are in class,_. A.a Chinese student tends to
20、be very lazy. B.an American student likes to make trouble C.a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacher D.an American student tends to be active6.A teacher in the USA prefers to_when he answers questions. A. be very sincere B.be very proud C.be very self-confident D.be very polite DA 7.What is the
21、 opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods between China and the USA? A.He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more B.He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students remembrance. C.He thinks that American teaching
22、is ability educated. D.He holds that American teachers hate to give a test. 8.The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is _. A.much better in China B.closer in China C.looser in USA D.more harmonious in USADC阅读理解题的解题技巧与策略阅读理解题的解题技巧与策略 1. 要学会抓大意要学会抓大意 寻找主题句是快速掌握文章大意
23、的主要方法。通常用演绎法撰写的寻找主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作顺序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作顺序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时主题句就是文章的第一句。多数情况下主题句出现在文章的开说。这时主题句就是文章的第一句。多数情况下主题句出现在文章的开头。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在头。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后。此时主体句就是文章的最后一句。后。此时主体句就是文章的最后一句。 2. 要学会梳理结构要学会梳理结构 文章绝不是由一些互不相干的句子杂乱
24、无章地堆砌而成的。作者为文章绝不是由一些互不相干的句子杂乱无章地堆砌而成的。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。考生可根据文章的特点，详读细节，要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。考生可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语。以时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语。 What the man in his ki
25、ndness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were natural ways of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the
26、cocoon. 这句话的关键信息是：这句话的关键信息是： What the man did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle were natural ways .3. 形成有效的阅读策略形成有效的阅读策略 要充分利用各种学习策略，提高阅读的科学性与准确性比如，在阅读中，要充分利用各种学习策略，提高阅读的科学性与准确性比如，在阅读中，遇到较长的、结构复杂的句子时，可以考虑先将其简化，以便更好地理解遇到较长的、结构复杂的句子时，可以考虑先将其简化，以便更好地理解句意。最常用的方法是句意。最常用的方法是“
27、主干成分分析法主干成分分析法”，即理清主句的基本结构（主，即理清主句的基本结构（主谓宾或主系表）。这样的话，理解就不会偏离正确的轨道，就能快速掌握谓宾或主系表）。这样的话，理解就不会偏离正确的轨道，就能快速掌握句子大意。如：句子大意。如：6 多了解东西方文化差异多了解东西方文化差异 了解东西方文化的背景及差异有时对阅读理解很有了解东西方文化的背景及差异有时对阅读理解很有帮助。帮助。5 认真对待每一篇文章认真对待每一篇文章 无论文章难易，都应认真阅读，不要放弃。一般来无论文章难易，都应认真阅读，不要放弃。一般来说，文章读起来容易，设计的问题未必就好做。文章读说，文章读起来容易，设计的问题未必就好做。文章读起来较难，设计的问题相对容易。起来较难，设计的问题相对容易。4 养成良好的阅读习惯养成良好的阅读习惯 养成默读习惯，是注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正养成默读习惯，是注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读、喉读、指读等不良习惯。这些习惯容易使理解只唇读、喉读、指读等不良习惯。这些习惯容易使理解只停留在某个词或某个句子上，从而使获得的信息支离破停留在某个词或某个句子上，从而使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速到扫碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速到扫视到另一个句子视到另一个句子, 进行连贯性理解。进行连贯性理解。
