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1、短文改错复习指导短文改错复习指导一一 短文改错短文改错的话题选择的话题选择 二二 短文改错的设题短文改错的设题切入口切入口三三 短文改错的题型短文改错的题型设计设计四四 解题指导解题指导与建议与建议1.1.短文改错的选材通常取自学生的作品，或短文改错的选材通常取自学生的作品，或 类似学生的作品。类似学生的作品。20092009年短文改错题，依然是一年短文改错题，依然是一 篇学生习作篇学生习作, ,设计的考点也与往年相同。设计的考点也与往年相同。2.2.内容来自学生身边的常见话题。内容来自学生身边的常见话题。3.3.篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。4.
2、4.语言明白易懂。语言明白易懂。5.5.基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。6.6.试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，而是检测考生试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，而是检测考生 写作能力中的校验能力。写作能力中的校验能力。一一. 试题的话题选择试题的话题选择二二. . 短文改错的设题切入口短文改错的设题切入口近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现：对、多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现：对、错、多、少。从错误比例上看，一般为多错、多、少。从错误比例上看，一般为多词词1 1处，少词处，少词1
3、1处，正确处，正确1 1处，错误处，错误6 67 7处。处。设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。运用英语的准确性。2009年高考短文改错分析年高考短文改错分析多词多词少词少词全国卷全国卷I全国卷全国卷II浙江卷浙江卷陕西卷陕西卷各1各1各1词法词法名词/代词代词的选择（1）名词的数（1名词的数（1）名词的数1形容词级别（1）形容词做定语1副词副词误用（1）副词误用（1）副词级别1介词搭配（1）误用 1动词时态（1）语态, （1）。搭配（1）时态（1）语态（1）搭配（1）
4、时态（1）语态（1）形式）搭配（1）冠词冠词误用(1 ）冠词误用(1)冠词误用(1)冠词误用(1)非谓语动词非谓语动词2句法句法主谓一致There be句型变体（1） 单复数(1)单复数(1)惯用法固定句型(1)语篇语篇逻辑连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)1.1.缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少冠词，连词，冠词，连词，介词，物主代词，助动词和不定式符号介词，物主代词，助动词和不定式符号to,to,被动语态的被动语态的bebe等。等。The factory at t
5、he comer of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and sports center has been built in its place. (2009全国卷全国卷1)分析分析：sports前加a。 sports center是可数名词单数，表示不确定。Some friends of his go to see him every day, they take him lot s of good books and fresh fruit. (2009陕西卷陕西卷)分析：分析：th
6、ey take him- and. they take him- and. 前后文是并列前后文是并列关系，用并列连词关系，用并列连词andand。 It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.2009浙江卷分析：考查固定句型。此处用分析：考查固定句型。此处用 It is/was It is/was possible to do possible to do sthsth. .句型句型 2. 多词多词多词现象主要表现为多词现象主要表现为词义重复词义重复，冗言。做题时不，冗
7、言。做题时不仅应注意分析句子结构，词义内涵，还应重视语仅应注意分析句子结构，词义内涵，还应重视语篇整体构成。某些句子，独立分析似无懈可击，篇整体构成。某些句子，独立分析似无懈可击，但根据行文逻辑进行分析，则错误迭现。但根据行文逻辑进行分析，则错误迭现。The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket. (全国卷全国卷1) 分析：去掉been。短语give way to “让路”，用主动语态。 Im sorry that I wasnt able to
8、 return Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.(2009to your bike on time yesterday.(2009全国卷全国卷2)2) 分析：去掉分析：去掉to to ，returnreturn归还，是及物动词，归还，是及物动词，这里这里toto多余多余 I stood there and couldnt believe I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger was so in that a
9、 complete stranger was so thoughtful.2009thoughtful.2009浙江卷浙江卷 分析：去掉分析：去掉believebelieve后的后的inin，这里不是信任而，这里不是信任而是相信的意思是相信的意思 3. 错词错词此类错误涉及面较广，较为常见的是此类错误涉及面较广，较为常见的是搭配错误搭配错误和和语法语法错误错误。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。A.介词错误介词错误B. 名词单复数误用名词单复数误用C. 代词误用代词误用D. 时态错误时态错误E. 非谓语动词错误非谓语动词错误F. 主谓不一致错误
10、主谓不一致错误G. 词性误用词性误用H. 连词误用连词误用I. 冠词误用冠词误用A. 介词错误介词错误1. Im a newcomer here of a small town. (NMET2004)分析： of 改为from。 from “来自于”2. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. (NMET2004)分析分析： to改为改为at。 Laugh at 是固定搭配。是固定搭配。After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which
11、I used to live in has changed a lot. (2009全国卷全国卷1)分析：分析： infrom。句意是我离开家乡五年，。句意是我离开家乡五年，away from属于固定搭配。属于固定搭配。B. 名词单复数误名词单复数误用用 I stayed here for one a nd a half hour. (2009全国卷全国卷2)分析：. hour改为hours One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a trunk came to stop beside us. (2009浙江卷
12、浙江卷) 分析：分析：考查名词数。考查名词数。one of 后受后受one of影响必须用名词影响必须用名词复数形式，应改为复数形式，应改为friends.C. 代词误代词误This man might need the umbrella himself, but he preferred to give it to everyone else. (2009 浙江浙江卷卷)【解析解析】 everyone-someone/somebody。考查不定代词用法。考查不定代词用法。everyone else 错误说法，每个人，就不可错误说法，每个人，就不可能再有别人；能再有别人；别人别人应表示为应表示
13、为someone/somebody else。Im glad to know that you have an interest in Chinese Food. Here Id like to tell you something about them. ( 2009重庆卷)分析：them-it依语境知。D. 时态错时态错Im sorry that I wasnt able to return your bike on time yesterday. I mean to give it back to you before four in the afternoon, but was hol
14、d up on my way back. (2009全国卷全国卷2)分析： mean改为meant, hold改为held;文章是描述过去发生的事情。Im glad to know that you had an interest in Chinesefood. (2009重庆卷)Food. 分析:had-have描述现在的事情描述现在的事情E.非谓语动词非谓语动词错错So I helped them going to the nearest hospital. (2009全国卷全国卷2)分析：分析： going改为改为go考查非谓语动词的复合结考查非谓语动词的复合结构：构：help sb(
15、to) do sthMy classmate, Joseph, is at present in hospital with a breaking leg. (2009陕西卷陕西卷)【解析解析】 breaking- broken非谓语动词做定语，非谓语动词做定语，与所修饰词是被动关系，用过去分词与所修饰词是被动关系，用过去分词 F. 主谓不一致错误主谓不一致错误I stayed here for one a half hours and made sure that the girl were al l hope you understand. (2009 全国卷全国卷2) 分析：.were改
16、为was主语是第三人称主语是第三人称she A little bit sweet, differ from Sichuan food that is rather hot. (2009四川卷四川卷). 分析分析:differ-.differsThe factory at the comer of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city, and a sports center has been built in their place. ( 2009全国卷全国卷1)分析：their its。 前文中
17、提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。代词应与指代词应与指代对象一致。代对象一致。 。 G. 词性误用（常发生在动词与名词、名词词性误用（常发生在动词与名词、名词与形容词，形容词与副词之间）与形容词，形容词与副词之间）He has a comfortable. room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. (2009 陕西卷陕西卷) 分析；分析； patiently- patient. so I grateful accepted the offer. (2009浙江卷浙江卷)分析：分析：gra
18、teful-gratefully考查副词用法。副词修考查副词用法。副词修饰动词饰动词accept.H.连词误连词误分析：分析：they take him- and. 前后文是并列关系，用并列连词前后文是并列关系，用并列连词and。 Some friends of his go to see him every day, they take him Lost of good books and fresh fruit. (2009陕西卷) I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was hold up o
19、n my way back. (全国卷2)分析分析： and改为but前后文是转折关系，用转折连词前后文是转折关系，用转折连词butI. 冠词误冠词误Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying. (2009重庆卷重庆卷)分析：分析： 去掉去掉the 【解析解析】考查冠词用法。由考查冠词用法。由umbrella 的发音可的发音可知，元音前应使用冠词知，元音前应使用冠词an The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella. (2009浙江卷浙江卷)J逻辑失误逻辑失误A little
20、girl was hurt and her mother needed help. So I helped them go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hours. (2009 全国全国卷卷2)分析：分析：. here改为改为there; 短文改错纠错口诀短文改错纠错口诀短文改错得分易，短文改错得分易，正确格式记心里：正确格式记心里：一看一致二词类，一看一致二词类，三多四少五搭配，三多四少五搭配，六句七语八非谓，六句七语八非谓，九看逻辑对不对，九看逻辑对不对，校验无误就全对。校验无误就全对。解题指导解题指导
21、要提高短文改错的解题能力，不仅需要平时有计划地要提高短文改错的解题能力，不仅需要平时有计划地按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律，由浅入深、按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律，由浅入深、由简到繁地进行训练，而且还应掌握一定的由简到繁地进行训练，而且还应掌握一定的解题技巧解题技巧，以减少盲目性。以减少盲目性。一、 通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意二、整句理解，逐行推敲整句理解，逐行推敲三、先易后难，各个击破先易后难，各个击破EXERCISE：2009全国卷全国卷1After five years away in my hometown, I find that 76. _The neigh
22、borhood which I used to living in has changed 77._a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78 ._ across the street from our middle school were gone. 79._There exist now a park that has a small river running 80._through. The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81. _Zhongshan Ro
23、ad has been moved out of the city, and sports 82. _center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of 83. _Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84. _a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85. _ school is still there. 【解析解析】 76. infrom。句意是我离开家乡五年，awa
24、y from属于固定搭配。 77. living live。used to 后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事请”。78. older old。句中没有比较的意思。 79. were are。 根据上文可知饭店和鱼店消失都陈述的是现在的情况。 80. exist exists。 主语a park是单数第三人称。 81. 正确 82. sports前加a。 sports center是可数名词单数，表示不确定。 83. their its。 前文中提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。 84. 去掉been。短语give way to“让路”，用主动语态。 85.
25、Besides But。前后表示转折关系。Hi, Susan. Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your 76bike on time yesterday. I mean to give it 77back to you before four in the afternoon，and I 78was hold up on my way back. Just before I 79turned corner of park street. I happened to 80see an accident. A little girl was hur
26、t and her 81mother needed help. So I helped them going to 82the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and 83a half hour and made sure that the girl was all 84hope you understand. 85Thank you! Li Ling2009全国卷全国卷2答案：76. 去掉to; 77. mean改为meant; 78. and改为but; 79. hold改为held; 80. turned the corner; 81.正确；82. going改为go; 83. here改为there; 84. hour改为hours; 85.were改为was
