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1、第二部分专题四语法填空专题四语法填空知识运用篇知识运用篇无提示词填空无提示词填空第六讲情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式第六讲情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式1 1技技 能能 突突 破破3 3随随 堂堂 训训 练练2 2走走 出出 误误 区区4 4复复 习习 练练 案案技技 能能 突突 破破技法1：揣摩情感，搞定情态动词对情态动词的考查主要有以下几点：空格后紧跟动词原形；结合具体的语境命题；情态动词表示推测时的固定用法。(2015四川高考改编)You_be careful with the camera.It costs!解题思路分析句子结构句中谓语部分不全谓语缺少助动词或情态动词。根据句子所在的语境你
2、一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵！尝试解答：_must 技法解读1高考考试说明中规定要掌握情态动词的基本含义及其用法。(1) can/could表示“能力、请求或可能性”，意为“能、可以”，当表“请求”时在疑问句中往往用Could you.？，其肯定回答用Yes，you can；表可能性时，一般意为“有时会”。In general Tom is a good man，but he can be very hard sometimes.总体而言，汤姆是个好人，不过有时候他会非常严厉。(2) may/might表示“请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿”。当might表示请求时，不表示过去，只是语气更加委
3、婉客套；might/may as well do sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。We might as well stay at home，watching the football match.我们不如待在家里看足球赛。(3) will/would用于第二人称作主语时表示“请求”，还可表“决心、愿望”，或“按规律注定会”。They asked if we would do that again.他们问是否我们会再次那样做。Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上。(4) should表示“责任、义务”，意为“应该”。You should be careful
4、 when doing your job.当你做工作时你应该仔细。2情态动词表示推测的用法。(1) must用在肯定句中表示猜测，意为“肯定、一定”，其否定形式为cant/couldnt。mustnt不表“猜测”而是表“禁止”，意为“绝不能、一定不要”。I am sure he must be tired after such a long journey.我敢肯定经过这样一次长途旅行他肯定是累了。You mustnt go out alone at night.你绝不能单独一人晚上出去。(2)can/could可以用在否定句和疑问句中表示“推测”，在否定句中表“猜测”时意为“肯定不”。He
5、cant be Toms father，for he wears a beard.他肯定不是汤姆的爸爸，因为他留着胡子。(3) may/might表示“猜测”时，意为“也许、大概、可能”，其肯定性不强，故经常和Im not sure之类的短语连用。He might arrive here on time，but I am not sure.他也许能按时到达这里，不过我不敢肯定。(4) should在表示“推测”时，往往是一种主观上的推断，意为“按道理说、按道理讲”。We should arrive home before dark.我们按说应该在天黑之前能到家。3“情态动词have done”
6、的含义。结构含义must have done过去肯定做了某事couldnt/cant have done不可能做过某事could have done本能够做某事may/might have done也许做了某事would have done本来会做某事should/ought to have done本应该做某事却没做shouldnt/oughtnt tohave done本不应该做某事却做了need have done本需要做某事neednt have done本不需要做某事却做了(2016浙江高考改编)George _not have gone too far.His coffee is
7、still warm.(2016北京高考改编)I love the weekend，because I _ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2015陕西高考改编)You _ feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.(2015北京高考改编)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My dau
8、ghter is home alone.(2017北京高考)Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_easily reach the books on the top shelf.can need may must can 技法2：寻找标志，敲定虚拟语气对虚拟语气的考查主要有以下几点：if引导的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气用法；含蓄虚拟语气句中的用法；一些固定结构中的虚拟语气用法。(2015安徽高考改编)It is lucky we booked a room，or we_(have) nowhere to stay now.解题思路分析句子语境上下句表示意义的转
9、折判断此处要用虚拟语气。根据句子中的标志词(or，now)可判断是对现在的虚拟尝试解答：_would have 技法解读1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法。 情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式用were)would/could/should/might动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式would/could/should/mighthave done与将来事实相反were to doshould do过去式would/could/should/might动词原形2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。(1)在advise，demand，desire，decide，insis
10、t(坚决要求)，order，propose，request，suggest(建议)等表“请求、要求、命令或建议”等意义的动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，结构为( should)动词原形。(2)wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。(3)“would rather句子”这一结构中，从句部分对现在或将来的愿望的表达用过去时；从句部分对过去的愿望的表达用过去完成时。wish发生在主句动作之前had done与主句动作同时发生过去式(be用were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should动词原形3虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法。假设的条
11、件不直接表述，而是隐含在某些词中，如 without，but for，or，otherwise等。解题时需仔细识别这些标志词。4as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句：5.在“Its (high/about) time句子”结构中，从句部分谓语动词一般用过去式或should动词原形。引导词从句谓语动词结构as if/though发生在主句动作之前had done与主句动作同时发生过去式(be用were)发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should动词原形(2016北京高考改编)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble
12、last week? If you _ (tell) me，I could have helped.(2015北京高考改编)If I _(not see)it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it.(2016天津高考改编)Its high time we _ (take) some measures to prevent pollution.(2017江苏高考)_(be)it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.had
13、 told hadnt seen took Were 技法3：句式结构特殊之处需记牢(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel_the coach picks up tourists.解题思路分析句子结构句子为强调句根据强调句结构it is/was被强调内容that.尝试解答：_that (2015天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office_she realize that she had left the contract at home.解题思路分析句子结构on
14、lywhen引导的状语从句放句首根据倒装原则主句应该用部分倒装选择助动词根据本句时态助动词应该用一般过去时形式尝试解答：_did (2015北京高考改编)If_ (accept) for the job，youll be informed soon.解题思路分析句子结构空格所在分句为条件状语从句的省略根据省略原则当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词尝试解答：_accepted 技法解读1牢记强调句式的常用结构(1)陈述句：It is/was被强调部分 that/who.(2)一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that/who.?(3)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(被强
15、调部分)is/wasit that/who.?(4)not until句式：It is/was not until.that.(5)强调原则：强调句型可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，被强调部分如果是人用that/who，如果是物要用that。(6)判断方法：当把其结构it is/was.that/who去掉之后，剩余部分仍旧结构完整、意义完整时，该句为强调句。2关注句首关键词，解答倒装类题目(1)在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时；含有否定意义的副词(never，seldom，little，not，nowhere等)位于句首时；在no soone
16、r.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)；not only.but also.位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装；So/Neither/Nor开头的句子，说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“So/Neither/Norbe/have/助动词/情态动词十主语”；表示同意对方的看法，表“是的、确实”之意时，用“So主语be/have/助动词/情态动词”句式，即主谓不倒装。(2)下列情形下需要用全部倒装表示地点、方向、时间的副词(here，there，out，in，up，
17、down，back，off，away，now，then等)位于句首且句子主语是名词时；表示地点的介词短语位于句首且句子主语是名词时。 3.记准以下省略规则(1)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，且含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。(2)不定式符号to的省略感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to；do nothing but，cant help but等结构常接省略to的不定式；在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，
18、try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，应保留be和have。(3)so和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用。(2015重庆高考改编)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully reco
19、gnized.(2014福建高考改编)It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014湖南高考改编)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ you keep good relationships with others.(2014陕西高考改编)No sooner _ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke in
20、to thunderous applause.(2014全国卷)Not only _ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.that that will had do 三大冷点解题两步走情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式是高考语法填空设题的冷点，了解即可。第1步通读语境寻找标志词。解题时通读语境，注意寻找标志词。如空格后是动词原形，可能考查情态动词；句首是It is/was或否定类结构，可能考查强调句型或倒装等。 根据这些初步确定考查点。第2步根据考点原则确定最终填词。初步确定考查点后，联想相应的考点原则，如虚拟
21、语气句或变化，强调句型或倒装等考查规则，斟酌话意，确定最终填词。走走 出出 误误 区区易错点1强调句型与其他句式混用(2014江西高考改编)It was the middle of the night _my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(母题变式)It was in the middle of the night_my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.when that 点拨定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较：由it引导的句型结
22、构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was.与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that/who连接词；否则，就为定语从句。其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。句为定语从句，先行词为the middle of the night在从句中作状语。句为强调句结构，强调内容为in the middle of the night。 易错点2倒装中动词形式错用(2015湖南高考改编)Only after talking to students _I discover that having strong motivation is one
23、of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(母题变式)Only by talking to students_you be able to discover you still have a long way to go.did will 点拨若结构较完整，并且空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词( do，does，did，will等)。易错点3省略中非谓语动词的形式误用(2015江苏高考改编)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless
24、 fully_(cover) in thick clothes.(母题变式)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully_(cover) yourself in thick clothes.covered covering 点拨句中cover后无宾语，和主语you之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词；句中cover的宾语为yourself，和主语you之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词。随随 堂堂 训训 练练.易错练习1用动词的did或had done形式填空Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ (danc
25、e) as well as her.If my car _ (be) more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I _ (have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.Maybe if I _ (study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.danced had bee
26、n had had studied 2用that或where填空It is the island _ they spent 10 years in doing some research on some strange plants.It was on his way to the station _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.3用助动词或be动词填空Not only _ he speak more correctly，but he spoke more easily.Never before _ sh
27、e seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.This is not my story，nor _ it the whole story.My story plays out differently.where that did has is 4用动词的doing或done形式填空Time，if _(use) correctly，is money in the bank.When _ (approach)the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height
28、. Film has a much shorter history，especially when _(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.While _(do) her homework，she heard a piece of music being played，sounding soft and sweet.used approaching compared doing .语篇练习：用情态动词，虚拟语气和特殊句式的知识填空I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If t
29、here 1._(be) not so much homework，I would have more time to do what I like to do.Not only 2._I like listening to music bur also I enjoy playing table tennis.Its my desire that we 3._(hold) evening parties or organize some interesting activities at weekends.I suggest that there 4._(be) not so many te
30、sts.You can imagine what life 5._(will) be if I were to realize my dream.But I 6._face the exams.As is known to us all，it is good marks 7._make me enter my ideal university.Anyway，its high time that I 8._(encourage) myself to overcome all the difficulties.If 9._，I can have a chance to learn much kno
31、wledge.It goes without saying that only by studying hard 10._I fulfill my great dream.were do hold be would must that encouraged so can 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主句中would do形式，可知与现在事实相反。解析：考查倒装。具有否定意义的词语(主语除外)位于句首时用倒装。解析：考查虚拟语气。desire此处表示“建议”，故从句中要用虚拟语气。解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest此处表示“建议”，故从句中要用虚拟语气。解析：考查虚拟语气。根据从句中if I were to realize.，可判断用would。解析：考查情态动词。句意：但是我必须得面对考试。根据句意，故用must。复复 习习 练练 案案
