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1、Unit 3 Text BA Tribute to the Dog自考英语二unitatributetothedogNew wordsproneHe was prone to anger. 他易于发怒。他易于发怒。 These plants are peculiarly（尤其地尤其地 ）prone to disease. 这些植物特别容易发生病变。这些植物特别容易发生病变。For all her experience, she was still prone to nerves. 尽管有经验，她还是容易紧张。尽管有经验，她还是容易紧张。He is prone to lose his tempe
2、r when people disagree with him. 人家一不同意他的意见，他就人家一不同意他的意见，他就发脾气。发脾气。 The survey made by scientists shows that kids are all prone to eat junk food.自考英语二unitatributetothedogsettlesettle down 定居,平静下来,集中精力做;开始认真做One day Ill want to settle down and have a family. 总有一天，我会想安定下来，成个家。We saw the therapist four
3、 times, and the children have now settled down. 我们去看了四次治疗专家，现在孩子们已经稳定下来了。They settled down to some serious work. 他们着手做一些重要的工作。(安定下来专心于 )自考英语二unitatributetothedogsettle Ill settle up with them soon. 我很快就会跟他们清账。How do you wish to settle account, sir. In cash or by credit card? 您想怎么结帐，用现金还是信用卡？ Within
4、the White House itself, things were beginning to settle into a pattern. 在白宫内部，事情已开始步入正轨。It takes a few months to settle into life at college. 要过好几个月才会适应大学生活。 自考英语二unitatributetothedogprivilegen.特权vt.给与特权，特免overdoyourprivilegeabuseyourprivilegeenjoytheprivilegeWewanttoprivilegethembecausewithouttheto
5、pgraduatestudents,wecantremainatopuniversity.我们希望给予这些最顶尖的研究生特别照顾，因为没有他们，我们就无法继续处于一流大学之列。自考英语二unitatributetothedogpursue v. pursuit n.ShehadcometoEnglandtopursueanactingcareer.她来英格兰投身演艺事业。Heisdesperatetopursuehisvocationasanartist.他不顾一切地从事艺术的职业。自考英语二unitatributetothedogturn against 背叛turn out to 变成Hi
6、s well-planned party consequencely turned out to be a disaster.turn over 移交给；翻阅；把翻过来；turn down 拒绝；向下转折 in turn 轮流，依次 turn in 交上；归还；They answered the teachers questions in turn. The lawyer turned over the release papers. 律师提交了释放文书。I thanked him for the offer but turned it down 我谢绝了他的提议自考英语二unitatribu
7、tetothedogif onlyIfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.假若我是乘计程车去的就好了。Ifonlyshecouldmarryme!她要是能嫁给我就好了。onlyif只要就；Youcanmakeprogressonlyifyouaremodest.惟虚心乃能进步。自考英语二unitatributetothedogstick by 坚持忠于，不离不弃Shed stuck by Bob through thick and thin. 她和鲍勃患难与共。They vowed to stick by one another no matter what happened. 他们立誓生死
8、与共。 U.S. to stick by one China policy.布来特：美将固守一个中国政策。自考英语二unitatributetothedogstick to遵守；保留；紧跟；忠于Police must stick to the highest standards if they are to win back public confidence. 要想重新赢得公众的信任，警方必须紧遵最高标准。Perhaps he should have stuck to writing. 也许他应该一心放在写作上。自考英语二unitatributetothedogheavenHeavenkno
9、ws天知道;谁晓得Heavenknowswhattheyputinit.天知道他们在里面放了些什么。（用于以what、when、who、why及how开头的疑问句中表示强调）到底，究竟Whereinheavensnamewasshe?她到底在哪儿？但愿不会这样Heavenforbid/perishthethought自考英语二unitatributetothedogFish, do you take Tony, as your lawful husband, to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for worse, f
10、or richer, for poorer, in sickness, and in health, till death do you part.Yes, I do!Fish, Er, thank you for being the love of my life, the person I will share all my dreams, my desires, my plans and my ventures, whole of everything, thank you for being my partner in my life and filling my half perce
11、nt of life, I feel the happiest person alive with you, with love, always fish感谢你成为我生命中的挚爱，成为我的唯一，分享我所有的梦想、渴望、蓝图、冒险，以及更多的一切，感谢你成为我今后生命中的伴侣，只要跟你一起活着，我就觉得自己是世界上最快乐的人，永远！永远！自考英语二unitatributetothedog熟读深思熟读深思朗读下列被动句朗读下列被动句, 体会被动语态的用体会被动语态的用法法; 观察谓语部分观察谓语部分, 思考各种时态被动思考各种时态被动语态的构成。语态的构成。1.The G8 is made up
12、of political leaders.被动语态被动语态自考英语二unitatributetothedog2.The Group of Eight, or G8, was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998. 3.The news is being celebrated by crowds in the streets. 自考英语二unitatributetothedog4. At 12: 45 UK time today, the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympi
13、c Games was being announced by IOC in Singapore.(M4, P 23)5. Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.(M4， P 22)自考英语二unitatributetothedog6. Londons name had been announced twice before. (M4, P 23)7. It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year, as the topic of A
14、frica will be discussed in detail. (M4, P22)自考英语二unitatributetothedog8. They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse. 自考英语二unitatributetothedog不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁是谁, 或者需要突出或强调动作的承受或者需要突出或强调动作的承
15、受者时者时, 就用被动语态。被动语态由就用被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词过去分词” 构成，时态、人称和构成，时态、人称和数的变化是通过数的变化是通过be来体现的。以来体现的。以do为为例例, 请完成下表：请完成下表：归纳总结归纳总结自考英语二unitatributetothedog自考英语二unitatributetothedog1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。2. 像像happen， take place等不及物动词是等不及物动词是没有被动语态的。没有被动语态的。自考英语二unitatributetothedog3.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态带有介词的短语动
16、词的被动语态, 不不要漏掉介词。如：要漏掉介词。如：The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。顾。自考英语二unitatributetothedog4. 以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义：义： 系动词系动词feel，look，seem, appear， taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义等用主动形式表示被动意义, 主语通常主语通常是事物。如：是事物。如：The material feels very soft.
17、这种料子摸这种料子摸起来很柔软。起来很柔软。自考英语二unitatributetothedog write，read, clean，sell，wash, cook，open，close，lock等的否定式等的否定式或与或与well, badly, easily等副词连用等副词连用, 主主语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现时。如：或不能实现时。如：The book sells well.那本书很畅销。那本书很畅销。The window wont open.这扇窗开不了。这扇窗开不了。自考英语二unitatributetothedog cook，bake，m
18、ake，print， pack，build，work out等动词用等动词用于进行时态时。如：于进行时态时。如：The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。鱼正在煮。自考英语二unitatributetothedog非谓语动词解题方法如下：非谓语动词解题方法如下：首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态；还是被动语态；二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态；二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态；三是要注意主谓
19、一致，最后才能确定所填动词的三是要注意主谓一致，最后才能确定所填动词的形式。形式。自考英语二unitatributetothedog在确定谓语动词的时态时在确定谓语动词的时态时, 我们可从我们可从三个方面来进行判断：三个方面来进行判断：1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；句；2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时,要看上下文的谓语动词的形式；要看上下文的谓语动词的形式；自考英语二unitatributetothedog3. 看是否是特殊的句型。如：看是否是特殊的句型。如： was/were about to do.when.did
20、It is/has been +时间段时间段+since 从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时) It had been +时间段时间段+since 从句从句(过过去完成时去完成时)自考英语二unitatributetothedog It will be +时间段时间段+since 从句从句(一般一般现在时现在时) It/This/That is the first time that. have/has done. It/This/That was the first time that. had done.自考英语二unitatributetothedog Hadly had +主语主语+don
21、e.when.did. No sooner had +主语主语+ done. than. did.这样的句型还有很多这样的句型还有很多, 平时要注意积累。平时要注意积累。自考英语二unitatributetothedog1. If you dont like the drink you _(order) just leave it and try a different one.灵活运用灵活运用根据此句意可知根据此句意可知, “点饮料点饮料”已经发生已经发生了了,否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以否则怎么知道自己不喜欢呢？所以空格处用一般过去时。空格处用一般过去时。ordered自考英语二unit
22、atributetothedog2. Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _ (do).句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。由于馆。由于“去图书馆去图书馆”用的是一般将来用的是一般将来时时,说明要完成的工作是说明要完成的工作是“现在现在”正在做正在做的事情的事情, 故用现在进行时。故用现在进行时。am doing自考英语二unitatributetothedog3. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _
23、 (give) in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.根据句中的根据句中的was worried about和和everything was going on smoothly可知选用过去进行可知选用过去进行时。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他时。句意为：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。但幸运的是，一切所举办的新闻发布会。但幸运的是，一切进展顺利。进展顺利。was giving自考英语二unitatributetothedog4. It is the most instructive lecture
24、that I _(attend) since I came to this school.当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定当一个受最高级形容词修饰的名词受到定语从句的修饰时，该定语从句既可用一般语从句的修饰时，该定语从句既可用一般过去时，也可用现在完成时，但由于其后过去时，也可用现在完成时，但由于其后接了一个接了一个since引导的时间状语从句，故空引导的时间状语从句，故空格处应填现在完成时。格处应填现在完成时。have attended自考英语二unitatributetothedog5.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce
25、) all over the world.时间状语时间状语in the last few years通常要与通常要与现在完成时连用。现在完成时连用。 have been produced自考英语二unitatributetothedog6. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ (receive) from China.从时间上看从时间上看, 应该是先得到援助应该是先得到援助, 然后才表然后才表示感谢示感谢, 由于由于“表达表达”用的是一般过去时用的是一般过去时(express
26、ed), 所以所以“得到援助得到援助”就应用过就应用过去完成时（去完成时（had received）。）。had received自考英语二unitatributetothedog7. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _(graduate) from college.显然，儿子大学毕业在先显然，儿子大学毕业在先, 杰克返回家在后。而杰克返回家在后。而“返回返回”家用的是一般过去时（家用的是一般过去时（returned）, 故故儿子大学毕业要用过去完成时（儿子大学毕业要用过去完成时（had graduated）。）。had
27、 graduated自考英语二unitatributetothedog8. Tom _(work) in the library every night over the last three months. 因因over the last three months这类时间这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。成进行时连用。has been working自考英语二unitatributetothedog9. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _ _(save) e
28、nough for a used one.表示到将来某时表示到将来某时(next month) 为止预计为止预计要完成的情况要完成的情况, 英语要用将来完成。英语要用将来完成。 will havesaved自考英语二unitatributetothedog10. Is everyone here？ Not yet. Look, there _ (come) the rest of our guests! 由于以由于以here和和there开头引出的倒装句开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态通常只用于一般时态, 又因为句子主语又因为句子主语the rest of our guests为复数为复数,
29、 故填故填come。come自考英语二unitatributetothedog11. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear) evening dress.根据句意根据句意, 此处谈的是一般情况此处谈的是一般情况, 要用一般要用一般现在时现在时; 由于由于one of the women前有前有only修饰修饰, 说明其后的定语从句是修饰说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的的, 而不是而不是修饰修饰women的的, 所以定语从句中的谓语动词所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数要用单数; 故填故填
30、wears。wears自考英语二unitatributetothedog12. Every few years, the coal workers _(have) their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.根据句中的根据句中的every few years(每隔几年每隔几年) 可知可知, 动作带有经常性和规律性动作带有经常性和规律性,故用一故用一般现在时。般现在时。 have自考英语二unitatributetothedog13.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _
31、 (come) on the market in 1973.主句用现在完成时主句用现在完成时, since引导的从句用一般过去引导的从句用一般过去时。时。14.When you are home, give a call to let me know you _(arrive) safely.根据常识根据常识, 说话人应该是叫对方说话人应该是叫对方“已经已经”到家后到家后才打电话报平安才打电话报平安, 故选现在完成时。故选现在完成时。camehave arrived自考英语二unitatributetothedog15.Up to now, the program _ (save) thous
32、ands of children who would otherwise have died.短语短语up to now的意思是的意思是“到现在为止到现在为止”,指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间段时间, 通常与现在完成时连用。通常与现在完成时连用。has saved自考英语二unitatributetothedog16. For many years, people _ (dream) of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.根据句意和句中的时态
33、以及根据句意和句中的时态以及for many years(多年来多年来) 可知可知, 要用现在完成时。要用现在完成时。have dreamed自考英语二unitatributetothedog17. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ (make) by scientists.根据句意和空格后的介词根据句意和空格后的介词by可知可知, 空格空格处应用被动语态处应用被动语态; 再根据句中的再根据句中的in the near future可知可知, 应用一般将来时。应用一般将来时。will be made自考英语二
34、unitatributetothedog18.Experiments of this kind _ _(conduct) in both the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.由于主语由于主语experiments(实验实验)与动词与动词conduct (实施实施)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 故谓语动词应用被故谓语动词应用被动语态动语态; 又因为又因为the Second World War为过为过去时间去时间, 所以所以before the Second World War就是就是“过去的过去过去的过去”, 因此用过去完成
35、时。因此用过去完成时。 had beenconducted自考英语二unitatributetothedog19. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ (rescue) four days later.由于由于“海军士兵海军士兵”与与“营救营救”之间为被动之间为被动关系关系, 故应用被动语态故应用被动语态; 再根据再根据four days later可知用一般过去时。可知用一般过去时。was rescued自考英语二unitatributetothedog20. All visitors to this vill
36、age _ (treat) with kindness. 根据句意可知根据句意可知, visitors (游客游客) 与与treat(对待对待)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系, 故用被动语态故用被动语态; 由于句中由于句中没有相应的过去时间没有相应的过去时间, 故用一般现在时。句故用一般现在时。句意为意为: 所有来访这个村庄的客人都会受到友所有来访这个村庄的客人都会受到友好对待。好对待。are treated自考英语二unitatributetothedog21.The church tower which _ _(restore) will be open to tourists soon.
37、The work is almost finished.根据句中的根据句中的.will be open to tourists soon (不久将对游客开放不久将对游客开放) 以及以及 The work is almost finished (工程差不多快结束了工程差不多快结束了) 可知可知, the church tower的修复工程还正在进行的修复工程还正在进行, 故用现在进行时的被动语态。故用现在进行时的被动语态。is beingrestored自考英语二unitatributetothedog22.This coastal area _(name) a national wildlif
38、e reserve last year.由于由于this coastal area与与name之间为被之间为被动关系动关系, 再根据句中的再根据句中的last year可知可知, 用用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态。was named自考英语二unitatributetothedog23. Linda, make sure the tables _ (set) before the guests arrive.由于由于table(桌子桌子) 与与set(摆摆, 放置放置) 之间为被之间为被动关系动关系, 要用被动语态要用被动语态; 又因为又因为make sure后接从句通常要用一般
39、现在时表示将来意后接从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义义, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。故用一般现在时的被动语态。are set自考英语二unitatributetothedog24. Youve failed to do what you _(expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.由由expect sb. to do sth. (期待某人做某事期待某人做某事) 可可知知, you与与expect为被动关系为被动关系, 要用被动语态要用被动语态; 意思是指没有做意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做的事过去安排好要做的事”, 于是担心受惩
40、罚于是担心受惩罚, 故用一般过去时的被动语故用一般过去时的被动语态。态。were expected自考英语二unitatributetothedog25. People say that a smile can _ _(pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.因因a smile与与pass是被动关系是被动关系,故用被动故用被动语态语态, 注意情态动词后用原形。注意情态动词后用原形。be passed自考英语二unitatributetothedog26. Whe
41、n research _(assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.谓语动词谓语动词, 因因research(研究工作研究工作)与与assign(分分配配)是被动关系是被动关系, 又根据前后时态又根据前后时态(如如expects)可知可知, 此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。is assigned自考英语二unitatributetothedog27. The meeting _ (hold) tomorrow.因会议是被举行因会议是被举行, tomorrow表明用一般将来时。表明用一般将来时。28. All the tickets _(sell) out when they rushed there. 因因rushed是过去的动作是过去的动作, 在此之前就是过去的过在此之前就是过去的过去去, 用过去完成时用过去完成时; 票被卖完票被卖完, 故用过去完成时的故用过去完成时的被动语态。被动语态。will be heldhad been sold自考英语二unitatributetothedog
