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1、官方网站:优路考研公众号- 1 -2019 年 12 月四级考试真题 (一)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreignfriend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening
2、Comprehension(25 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four
3、 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.B) There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.C
4、) There is discrimination against male nurses.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 2 - 2 -D) The number of male nurses has gone down.2. A) Cultural bias.C) Educational system.B) Inadequate pay.D) Working conditions.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) He fell out of a lifeboat.C) He was
5、 almost drowned.B) He lost his way on a beach.D) He enjoyed swimming in the sea.4. A) The beach is a popular tourist resort.C) The beach is a good place to watchthe tide.B) The emergency services are efficient.D) The lifeboats patrol the area roundthe clock.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news rep
6、ort you have just heard.5. A) It became an online star.C) It escaped from a local zoo.B) It broke into an office room.D) It climbed 25 storeys at one go.6. A) Send it back to the zoo.C) Return it to its owner.B) Release it into the wild.D) Give it a physical checkup.7. A) A raccoon can perform acts
7、no human can.B) A raccoon can climb much higher than a cat.C) The raccoon became as famous as some politicians.D) The raccoon did something no politician could.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each官方网站:优路考研公众号- 3 - 3 -conversation, you will he
8、ar four questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 ar
9、e based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) She got a well-paying job in a bank.C) She receivedher first monthlysalary.B) She received a bonus unexpectedly.D)Shegotapayraiseforherperformance.9. A) Several years ago.C) Right after graduation.B) Two decades ago.D) Just last month.10. A) He s
10、ent a small check to his parents.C) He immediately deposited it in abank.B) He took a few of his friends to a gym.D) He treated his parents to a nicemeal.11. A) Buy some professional clothes.C)Joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.B) Budget her salary carefully.D) Visit her former university campus.Questi
11、ons 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He has a difficult decision to make.C) He has just quarreled with hisgirlfriend.B) He has been overworked recently.D) He has just too many things to官方网站:优路考研公众号- 4 - 4 -attend to.13. A) Give priority to things more urgent.C) Think
12、 twice before making thedecision.B) Turn to his girlfriend for assistance.D) Seek advice from his family andadvisor.14. A) His parents and advisor have different opinions.B) He is not particularly keen on the job offered.C) He lacks the money for his doctoral program.D) His girlfriend does not suppo
13、rt his decision.15. A) They need time to make preparations.C)Theyhaventstartedtheircareers yet.B) They need to save enough money for it.D) They havent won their parentsapproval.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four
14、questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on t
15、he passage you have just heard.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 5 - 5 -16. A) Acquiring information and professional knowledge.B) Using information to understand and solve problems.C) Enriching social and intellectual lives.D) Expressing ideas and opinions freely.17. A) Improving mind-reading strategies.C) Playing gam
16、es that challengeones mind.B) Reading classic scientific literature.D) Traveling to different places inthe world.18. A) Give others freedom to express themselves. C) Discard personal biases andprejudices.B) Expose themselves to different cultures.D)Participateindebatesordiscussions.Questions 19 to 2
17、1 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The nature of relationships between dogs.C)Whydogscanbefaithfulfriends of humans.B) The reason a great many people love dogs.D) How dogs feel about theirbonds with humans.20. A) They have an unusual sense of responsibility. C) They can fall in lo
18、ve just likehumans.B) They can respond to humans questions.D) They behave like other animalsin many ways.21. A) They have their own joys and sorrows.C) They help humans in variousways.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 6 - 6 -B) They experience true romantic love.D) They stay with one partner forlife.Questions 22 to 25
19、are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) A cow bone.C) A historical site.B) A rare animal.D) A precious stone.23. A) Measuring it.C) Dating it.B) Preserving it.D) Identifying it.24. A) The site should have been protected.C) The boy should have called anexpert.B) The boys family had acted
20、correctly.D) The channel needs to interview theboy.25. A) Search for similar fossils elsewhere.C) Conduct a more detailed search.B) Ask the university to reward Jude.D) Seek additional funds for the search.Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)SectionADirections: In this section, there is a passa
21、ge with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choicein the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemo
22、n Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the官方网站:优路考研公众号- 7 - 7 -words in the bank more than once.Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If youre planning on beingone of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the 26 feeling air traveloften
23、leaves you with.Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects onthe body. Although the pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, youcould still 28 sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in anaircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,0
24、00-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygenpressure can cause headaches in certain 30. To help prevent headaches, drinkplenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air youbreathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which ca
25、n affect your sense of taste.Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of airtravel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A drymouth may 32 taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.Although in-flight infection
26、s 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your riskof getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unlessyoure sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldnt worry toomuch about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces,s
27、o wash your hands 35.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 8 - 8 -A) adjustedB) channelsC) equivalentD) experienceE) filtersF) frequentlyG) individualsH) originallyI) particularJ) primarilyK) reduceL) renovatedM) smoothN) thriveO) unpleasantSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten stat
28、ementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer S
29、heet 2.Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?A Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesntbring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parentseverywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Man
30、y of us grow upbelieving that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults官方网站:优路考研公众号- 9 - 9 -in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, andaround three-quarters of Americans.B “The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and
31、repair through the night,”explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy,as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But thereswidespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等级) of meals.
32、There have been concerns around the sugar content ofcereal and the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast researchand even oneclaim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.C Whats the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic bycereal companies? The most re
33、searched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping)has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why theres arelationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the l
34、argestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than thosewho ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reducedaily calorie intake and improve the quality of our dietsince breakfast foods are oftenhigher in fibre and nutrients.D But as with
35、 any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the causeor ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out,researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weight官方网站:优路考研公众号- 10 - 10 -loss programme. All had the same number of c
36、alories over the day, but half hadbreakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasnt breakfastitself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.E If breakfast alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link betweenobesity and
37、breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research atthe University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippershave been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lotof studies on the relationship between breakfast eating an
38、d possible health outcomes,but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually havehealth-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.F A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast andweight management concluded there is “l
39、imited evidence” supporting or refuting (反驳)the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence isrequired before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.G Researchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfwaythrough resear
40、ch looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influencesbody weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weightcontrol. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfasthas been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease,
41、a 21% higher risk oftype 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reasonmay be breakfasts nutritional valuepartly because cereal is fortified (增加营养官方网站:优路考研公众号- 11 - 11 -价值) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in theUK, researche
42、rs found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those whohad breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canadaand the US.H Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentrationand language use. A review of 54 studies found
43、that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, oneof the reviews researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is “reasonable” evidencebreakfast does improve concentrationthere just needs to be more research. “Lookingat studies that t
44、ested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit wasexactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies foundthat eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”I Whats most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-proteinbreakfasts have been fo
45、und particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation in
46、to the sugarcontent of “adult” breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more thanthree-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, andsugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.J But some research suggests if were going to eat sugary foods, its
47、best to do it early.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 12 - 12 -One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where halfadded dessert to their breakfast, and half didnt. Those who added dessert lost anaverage of 40 pounds morehowever, the study was unable to show the long-termeffects. A revie
48、w of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesnt matter as muchas simply eating something.K While theres no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should list
49、en to our own bodies and eat when werehungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,”Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differentlyand those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is reallyhelpful, b
50、ut getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave bloodsugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder.“Breakfast isnt the only meal we should be getting right.”36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awarenes
51、s ofnutrition and health.37. Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food atbreakfast.38. Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day.39. It has been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseases in some co
52、untries.40. Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself that官方网站:优路考研公众号- 13 - 13 -induced weight loss.41. To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what toeat.42. It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast.43. More research
53、 is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or foodintake.44. People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritionalintake.45. Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in thi
54、s section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50
55、are based on the following passage.Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014.Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisherof any kindin the world.It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will havedozens ofcontributors, from sub
56、ject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert官方网站:优路考研公众号- 14 - 14 -reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructorsand students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educationalresources, simply do not. This connection ha
57、ppens not only by means of collaborativedevelopment, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decideon their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due tostudents renting or buying used print t
58、extbooks. But this can be chalked up to theexcessively high cost of their bookswhich has increased over 1,000 percent since1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does notmean the end of the textbook itself.While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks
59、are not passive or lifeless.For example, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a numberof ways. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questionsfor students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to usetheir individual experience to
60、come up with answers to general questions. Todayspsychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think youinherited?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you tossedwill land?”Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.”
61、 For anactivelearner,engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their ownpace. They “customize” their books by engaging with different layers and linkages.Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customizationthatstudents value i
62、nprint books over digital forms of books.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 15 - 15 -46. What does the passage say about open educational resources?A) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning.B) They dont profit as much as traditional textbooks do.C) They cant connect professors and students as textbooks do.D)
63、 They compete fiercely for customers with textbook producers.47. What is the main cause of the publishers losses?A) Failure to meet student need.C) Industry restructuring.B) Emergence of e-books.D) Falling sales.48. What does the textbook industry need to do?A) Reform its structures.B) Cut its retai
64、l prices.C) Find replacements for printed textbooks.D) Change its business strategy periodically.49. What are students expected to do in the learning process?A) Think carefully before answering each question.B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.C) Answer questions using their personal e
65、xperience.D) Give answers showing their respective personality.50. What do experts say about students using textbooks?A) They can digitalize the prints easily.B) They can learn in an interactive way.C) They can purchase customized versions.D) They can adapt the material themselves.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 16 -
66、 16 -Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing theminto two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat foodto make its energy. Well, thosedividing lines come crashing do
67、wn with the discovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓) thatstruly half animal and half plant. Its pretty incredible how it has managed to hijack thegenes of the algae (藻类) on which it feeds.The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these g
68、enes within their body. The termkleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be trulyconsidered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like behaviors.Many
69、scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually ableto create energy from sunlight.In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their futuregenerations. Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, thoughthey cant gene
70、rate energy from sunlight until theyve eaten enough algae to steal thenecessary genes, which they cant yet produce on their own.“Theres no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animalcell,” says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida. “And yet here, they do.官方网站:优路考研
71、公众号- 17 - 17 -They allow the animal to rely on sunshine for its nutrition. So if something happens totheir food source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae toeat.”The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up tonine months without ha
72、ving to eat any food. They get all their nutritional needs met bythe genes that theyve hijacked from the algae.51. What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?A) It looks like both a plant and an animal.B) It converts some sea animals into plants.C) It lives half on animals and half on plants.D) I
73、t gets energy from both food and sunlight.52. What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?A) The genes it captures from the sea plant algae.B) The mechanism by which it conserves energy.C) The nutrients it hijacks from other species.D) The green pigment inherits from its ancestors.53. What does t
74、he author say about baby sea slugs?A) They can live without sunlight for a long time.B) They can absorb sunlight right after their birth.C) They can survive without algae for quite some time.D) They can produce chlorophyll on their own.54. What does Sidney Pierce say about genes from an alga?A) They
75、 are stolen from animals like the sea slug.官方网站:优路考研公众号- 18 - 18 -B) They cant function unless exposed to sunlight.C) They dont usually function inside animal cells.D) They can readily be converted to sea slug genes.55. What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?A) They behave the way most pl
76、ant species do.B) They can survive for months without eating.C) They will turn into plants when they mature.D) They will starve to death without sunlight.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈，年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋等重要节日。
