外研版初中英语总复习教案

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1、中考英语总复习第二轮教案一名词考试标准：1了解名词复数形式的构成规则。2能识别名词所有格，如Marys book，Childrens Palace，teachers office等。3能认识专有名词。4能熟练运用常用的不可数名词，如water，rice，milk 等。名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ;orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper( 纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather

2、; grass ;news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数 some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用 of 短语eg. There is _ bread on the table.CA. aB. oneC. a piece ofD. manyThere is some_ on the plate.BA. appleB. fishC. milksD. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; womanwom

3、en ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteethmouse(鼠)miceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es读 iz2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. boxes bksizblouses blauziz3)f (fe) 结尾则变 f(fe)为 v 加 es-读vzeg. knives naivz4) “辅+y”结尾变 y 为 i 加 es清就清s5)一般加 s浊就浊zeg. booksbukspenspenzba

4、biesbeibiz但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由 man , woman 在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)

5、A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s”Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以 s 结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用 of 来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathersa friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练习选择正确的答案()1.Are those _?-No, they

6、arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cowD. sheeps ; cows()2._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and LilyD. Lucys and Lilys()3.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk

7、()4.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute()5.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads()6.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childsB. childC. childrens D. children(

8、)7.What did the headmaster say about Jim s _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays()8.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss()9.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachersB. woman teache

9、rsC. women teacherD. womans teacher()10.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefsB. thiefC. thieves D. thiefs二、冠词考试标准：了解 a(an)和 the 的基本用法及不用冠词的情况。1、不定冠词 a, ana 用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a booka useful booka “u”ju:sfulju:an 用于元音开头的词前. eg. an applean houran “F”auef2、定冠词 the1)特指某人/某物The book on the desk is m

10、ine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇” 。the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词 .

11、表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano练习()1.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it , I think.A. anB. aC. theD. /()2._ bad weather it is!A. HowB. What aC. How a D. What()3.Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.A. a ; aB. the ; theC. a ; th

12、e D. the; a()4.One morning he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; theB. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; aD. the ; an ; a()5.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. aB. anC. /D. the()6.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; /B. a ; theC. an ; /D. an ; the()7.Even

13、 while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs.A. aB. anC. theD. /()8._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; aB. The ; theC. A ; a D. A ; the()9.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis beforesupper.A. / ; theB. the ; /C. the ; theD. / ; /三、代词考试标准：1. 记住人称代词的主格和宾格，

14、熟悉反身代词的单、复数形式。2. 掌握不定代词 any, some ,no, few等以及由 some , any , no 组成的合成词的用法。3. 掌握指示代词 this, that, these, those的一般用法。4. 了解形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法。5. 能区别和运用疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词。（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that 一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但 that 可单独指代不可数名词） 。that apple ()that meat ()The weather in Sichuan i

15、s not so hot as _ in Guangzhou.that(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格）eg.1)I thank you2)You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(mymine); 二留(hishisitsits)三加 s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数

16、yourself yourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地5.help oneself to请自便；随便吃6.look after oneself自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词1)some 与

17、 any一般情况下，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以 could , would 开头）2)many + 可数= a lot of : 许多much + 不可数（但 a lot of 不能用于否定句）3) few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许).The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it.few.Hurry up!There i

18、s_ time left. little4)everyone / anyone 不加 ofno one 不加 ofnone of()_ of us wants to read the book.BA. EveryoneB. Every oneC. NobodyD. No one5）other ,another , others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese.May I

19、 have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty.I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others另外注意：one another(三者以上的)相互each other(两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明 we 指两个人)They help one another (说明 they 指三个人以上)6) 二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都) neither(都不) either(任何一个)三

20、者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意：.both 否定 neitherall 否定 none.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none 作主语为单数，但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名()1._ of my parents is a teacher.BA. NoneB. NeitherC. BothD. All()2.There are many trees on _ side of the river.CA. bothB. anyC. eitherD. allevery one / any one of

21、7)each: (二者以上的)每个作主、宾、定）every: (三者以上的)每个只作定语）._ student in the class likes English._ of the students studied hard.Every ; Each练习()1._office is much smaller than _.A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our()2. “Help_ to some meat.”my uncle said to me .A. themselvesB. yourselfC. yourselves()3. The

22、re are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers and _ arewomen teachers.A. othersB. the othersC. another()4.There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me ?A. any ; someB. any ; anyC. some ; any()5.There are many trees on _ sides of the street.A. bothB. allC. each()

23、6._ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every()7.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot _.A. other everythingB. anything elseC. everything else.()8.The river is very dirty. _ people go to swim in it.A

24、. FewB. A fewC. Little()9.A friend of _ came to see _ yesterday.A. his ; hisB. he ; himC. his ; him()10Who teaches _ French?A. weB. ourC. us四、数词考试标准: 1. 了解 100 以内的基数词和序数词的构成。2. 掌握有关年、月、日、时刻、年龄、年代、长（宽、高） 、编号等的表达法。3.辨别hundred, thousand, million和hundreds of , thousands of, millions of的不用含义和用法。数词分为基数词和序

25、数词。 用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词， 表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000 以内的基数词的读法)365three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。八去 t ，九去 e ；ve 则以 f 替。ty 则变作 ti; 后面还有一个 e。要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg. onefirsttwosecondthreethirdeighteighthnineninthtwelvetwelfthtwentytwentiethtwenty-o

26、ne -twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基数词 + oclockeg. Its eight oclock now.b.几点几分：1直接表达法：先小时后分eg. 3:25three twenty-five2.间接表达法：先分后小时1)(30 分钟)用 to：(60-分钟数) to (小时数+1)eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30 分钟 = half15 分钟 = a quartereg. 3:30three thirty = half past three3:15three fifteen = a quarte

27、r past three.3:45three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949 年 10 月 1 日 :October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of October, nineteen forty-nine2000 年:the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001 年:twenty o one3 月 1 日:March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号：第 207 房间：Room 207第五课： Less

28、on 5 = the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；再一”eg. Youve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分子（基数） 、分母（序数）eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超过 1 时，分母加 s2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)One third of the students are girls.2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分数的特殊形式1)one third = a

29、 third2)one fourth = a quarterthree fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些数词的复数 + of 表约数：hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of练习()1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousands ofB. thousand ofC. nine thousands ofD. thousands()2.Monday is _ day of the week.A. firs

30、tB. the firstC. the secondD. second()3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time?A. thirdB. the thirdC. a thirdD. once()4.I was born _, 1982.A. on June 2rdB. in June 2ndC. on June twoD. on June 2()5.Its _ from our home to the zoo.A. two and a half hours walkB. a half and two hours walkC. two hours and

31、 a half hours walkD. two and a half hours walk()6.Will you be back in _ ?A. one or two minutes B. one minute or twoC. two minutes or one D. two or one minute()7.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word五、介词考试标准：1. 掌握常用介词的用法。2

32、. 了解不用介词的用法。1.in; on; at 用在时间词前，表“在”1)at + 具体时刻2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the nightat noonat this / that timeat Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:505._ 20026._ the morning of April 107._ spring8._ night9._ th

33、is time 10. _ March另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday）前有 last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening._2. in , on , at 表地点：at 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面” 。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They arriv

34、ed _a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture _ the wall.3.in , on , to 表方位in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across4

35、.across: （表面）跨过through: （内部）穿过，贯穿介词eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river?2)The road runs _ the forest.3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5.in + 时间段：与将来时连用after + 时间段：与过去时连用但 after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes.2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tree(外加在树

36、上的事物)on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)1) There is a map _ the wall2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bikeby car = in a(the ; her) caron: 在（表面）上接触9.over: 在的正上方above: 在

37、的斜上方未接触1) The moon rose _ the hill.2) There is a bridge _ the river.3) There is a book _ the desk.10. between: 在（两者）之间among :在（三者以上）之间1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents.2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.11.on 与 about : 关于on 用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等about 用于非正式的谈话或随便

38、提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方（范围外）= beforein / at the front of:在前部（范围内）1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与 behind13.with 和 in: 表示“用“with: 指“用工具、手、口等”in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”1) Please write the letter _ a pen.2)

39、 Please speak _ a loud voice.14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地15.一些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend on, 等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot,with plea

40、sure, on ones way to, in trouble,at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at,be interested in, be angry with,be full of, be sorry for等。练习()1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.A. OnB. AtC. In()2.Many people work _ the day and sleep _ night.A

41、. on ; atB. in ; inC. in ; at()3.He speaks Japanese best _ the boy students.A. betweenB. withC. among()4.Hes very strict _ himself and hes very strict _ his work.A. with ; inB. in ; withC. with ; with()5.The shop wont open _ nine in the morning.A. untilB. atC. during()6.How about _ the flowers now?A

42、. wateringB. are watering C. watered()7.She spent all his money _ books.A. inB. withC. on()8.I think its the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _ it.A. doB. forC. of()9.Reading _ the sun isnt good _ youA. under ; forB. in ; forC. in ; to()10.I wont ask about it, Im going to see it

43、_ my own eyes.A. byB. forC. with()11.No one can stop her _ going away.A. ofB. fromC. out of六、连词考试标准：1.掌握 and, but, or 等并列连词和 when, until, as, if because 等从属连词在句中的不同含义以及主要用法。2. 能区分 when, where 作疑问词和连接副词的用法。3. 能分清 if 在条件句和宾语从句的不同含义。从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.

44、表并列关系的 and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor 等。2. 表选择关系的 or, eitheror 等。3. 表转折关系的 but, while（然而）等。4.表因果关系的 for, so等。5.and: “和”在肯定句中表并列or: “和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or“或者”用于选择疑问句2)or “否则”eg. .Which do you like better, tea or milk?.Hurry up, or youll be late for school.6.but “但是”表转折eg. I listened, but I he

45、ard nothing.注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用2)not but不是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又（连接主语为复数）neithernor: 既不也不连接两主7.eitheror: 或者或者语后者决not only but also:不但而且定单、复eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.练习()1. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Ch

46、inese in 2008?-I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English.A. eitherorB. not only but alsoC. neithernorD. bothor()2. We didnt catch the train _ we left late.A. soB. becauseC. butD. though()3. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much.A. ifB. soC. thoughD. as

47、()4. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I havetested him myself.A. afterB. whenC. ifD. until()5. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. before()6. -This dress was last years style.-I think it st

48、ill looks perfect _ it has gone out this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as ifD. ever since()7. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train.A. andB. soC. howeverD. or()8. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.A. soasB. sothatC. asasD. tooto()9. -Do you remember our pleasant journ

49、ey to Xian?-Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday.A. as soon asB. even thoughC. rather thanD. as if()10. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. WhetherD. Since七、形容词、副词考试标准:1.了解形容词、副词的定义和在句中的用法。2.重点掌握形容词、副词的比较等级。一、了解形容词作定语，表语及宾语补

50、足语的用法。二、掌握形容词、副词的比较等级及用法。1.原级：表示 A 与 B 在某方面相同。句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + BA 与 B 在某方面不同注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.2)You dont eat so much as I3)This book isnt as interesting as that one= This book is _ _ _ that one

51、2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than 连用）1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。2)He runs faster than Jim 他比 Jim 跑得快。3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in , of 短语连用）( 注意：of + 个体名词单数in + 集合名词 )eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in

52、 China.2)He runs fastest in our class.3)He is the tallest of the three boys.4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级 and 比较级” 表示 “越来越”eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2) “the 比较级，the 比较级”“越，越”eg. the m

53、ore, the better 多多益善_ you are, _ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。3) “the 比较级 of +二者” “二者中较的一个”eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D)._4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”eg. Hes a head taller than me.My brother is two years older than me5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice; three times等

54、+ asas”eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。2)He has four times as many books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别 older / elder 与 farther / furtherolder（年龄较老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My _ brother is _ than me.farther (指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)eg.1)He went abroad for _ studies.2

55、)Fusun is _ from our school than Zhaohua.形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用 a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“一点儿；得多 ；更”eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿2)much more 多得多3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比 （即 as; than 后的词应与主语是同类事物） ， 注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; oneseg. 1)The apples

56、 (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _2)This knife (A) isnt (B) so (C) new as that (D)._3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D)._3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体).()正：Betty is cleverer than a

57、ny other student in her class.=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.=Betty is the cleverest in her class.(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。eg. Mary is the talle

58、st of all her sisters.( )(all her sisters已排除了 Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加 “second , third, ” （但“第一”不能用 first）eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.改错：_附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则A、规则变化1.“辅 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 er , est(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)2.双写加 er , est3

59、.直接加 er , est / r, st4.在多音词前加 more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)B、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badly worseworstlittle less leastold older/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest另外：1)以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple 结尾的双音节词加 er, est / r, st.narrow _simple _ab

60、le _2)tired_pleased _3) often _friendly_4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) _5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ;afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).副词作状语，修饰动词。练习()1.Which language is _ , English, French or Ch

61、inese?A. difficultB. the difficultC. more difficult D. the most difficult()2.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the worldA. bigger bridgeB. the biggest bridgeC. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges()3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not _ Mike.A. strong asB. so strong asC. so strongD. as strong()4.Put

62、 on more clothes. It is snowing _ outside. A. stronglyB. heavyC. heavily()5.John drives as _ as Tom.A. carefullyB. goodC. niceD. fine()6.Is China larger than _ in Africa.A. any countryB. any other countryC. any countriesD. all countries()7.My _ brother is _ than I.A. elder, three years older B. olde

63、r ; olderC. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder()8.Li Mei is more beautiful than _ in her class.A. any girlB. any other girlC. all the girlsD. any girls()9.This film is _ interesting than that one.A. moreB. muchC. veryD. the most()10.There is _ in todays newspaper.A. interesting nothing B. not

64、hing interestingC. interested nothing D. nothing interested()11.It seems that men are _ making computers than women.A. better atB. good atC. well inD. weak in()12.This bridge is not _ long and wide _ the one in my hometown.A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as()13.I think the song in the

65、 film “Titanic” is _ one of all the movie songs.A. the most beautifulB. most beautifulC. much more beautiful D. a beautiful()14. Jack didnt run _ to catch the bus.A. enough fastB. quickly enoughC. enough slowD. slowly enough()15.The driver is very _. He often drives his car _.A. careful ; carefulB.

66、carefully; carefullyC. carefully ; carefulD. careful ; carefully()16.Look! All the children are working _ on the farm.A. careful B. hardC. busyD. happy()17.The population of Shanghai is _ than that of Xi an.A. smaller B. fewerC. muchD. larger八、动词考试标准：1. 熟悉常用的基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词，现在分词和第三人称单数形式。2. 能正确使用

67、常用及物动词和不及物动词。3. 掌握常用连系动词如 be, get, look, seem等，及其与表语连用的特点。4. 能分清 look, get, grow, turn 等作连系动词和作为行为动词用的不用含义。5. 能正确使用助动词如 be, do ,have ,shall, will 等。6. 掌握情态动词 can，may，must 等的基本用法，cant，may，must，might等表推测的用法，以及 neednt， mustnt 等在答语中的基本用法。7. 能正确使用六种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时。8. 掌握一般现在时、 一般过去时

68、和带有情态动词can， may， must 等的被动语态。9. 熟悉并掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语和作宾语补足语的用法。10. 理解现在分词与过去分词在用法上的区别。动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法1) “辅+y”结尾, 变 y 为 i 加 es2) “以 s; sh; ch; x; o 结尾, 加 es3)直接加 s但 have-hasB、现在分词的变法1)去 e 加 ing (e 不发音)2)双写加 ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w 列外)3)直接加 ing写出下列动词的现在分词1.see_e _3.stop_4.open _5.listen_6.drop _7.prefer_8.fix

69、_ 9.relax _10.die _11.tie _12.lie _C、动词的过去式和过去分词（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）（二）规则变化1) “辅+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ed2)双写加 ed3)直接加 ed写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop _ _2.stop _ _3.prefer _4.study _ _5.try_6.fix _ 7.relax _附情态动词（can/ could; may/ might; must; should）+动原1.must(必须)neednt(不必)may(可以)mustnt(不许；不准；不可以)2.注意几个题：1)May

70、I go with you?No, you _.2)Must I turn off the light now?Yes, you _/ No, you _附动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补1)tell / ask / want sb to do _否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do _2)省 to 不定式作宾补即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2 看, 1f) sb dollet; mmake; nnotice; 3hhear, have, help; 2看see, watch; 1ffeel但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)2)在改

71、作被动语态时省去的to 应还原eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.He was heard to sing in the room.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing8.介词+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing2)be good at doing附宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态：主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词

72、原形 一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back.2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework.3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态：主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.1)He said his father _(come) back in two

73、days.2)The teacher said light _(travel) faster than sound.附主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单eg. Two months is quite a long time.2.people; police 形单实为复，作主为复eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.3.maths, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。eg. 1)My family

74、is a big one.2)My family are watching TV.5.由 with, except, as well as连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg. The teacher with his students is going to Beijing tomorrow.6.由 neithernor; eitheror; not onlybout also 连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.7.不定代词（something; anything; nothing; someone; anyone; ev

75、eryone）作主语为三单Nobody knows it except me.8.One of + 复名 作主语为单数eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.9.“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数eg. The Lius are watching TV now.10.sheep; deer; fish 单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill.2)Milk _ white, and sheep _ white, too. (be填空)11.there be结构中， 如果有两个

76、以上的名词作主语， 则 be 应与最接近的那个名词一致。（即：靠近原则）eg.1)There _a box and some pens on the desk.2)There _some pens and a box on the desk.12. either, neither, each作主语为三单eg. Neither of the twins _(like) drawing.13.由两部分构成的事物名词（trousers, glasses, chopsticks）作主语为复数，但当前面有pair短语修饰时，则谓语由 pair 的单复数来决定谓语。eg.1)Where _(be) my

77、glasses?2)That pair of trousers _(be) Mr. Green s附“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leavebe away (from); come backbe back; fallasleepbe asleep ; openbe open ;catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out;arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点be in +地点；joinbe in +集体（或 be+ 成员） ；turn on

78、be on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ;练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother _ (watch) TV every evening.2.We_(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He _(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He _(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy_(play) football on the playground

79、.6.My uncle _(live) here for ten years.7.He often helps the old woman _ (carry) water.8.Would you like to make a contribution to _ (improve) our living conditions?9.Dont forget _(turn) off the lights before you go out.10.Please let the girls _(go) first.二、选择填空()1.Must I turn off the light now?-No, y

80、ou _A. needntB. mustntC. cant()2.Our teacher told us the sun _ in the east.A. roseB. risesC. is rising()3.He _ back in a month.A. will comeB. comeC. came()4.I _ him before.A. metB. had metC. have met()5.The teacher _ to Japan this year. She s now telling her pupils about it.A. wentB. has beenC. has

81、gone()6.It _ hard when I got home yesterday.A. rainedB. is rainingC. was raining()7.Why not _ again?A. to tryB. tryC. trying()8.He has finished _ the letter.A. writingB. to writeC. wrote()9.It _ every night.A. happensB. is happenedC. happened()10.The policeman told the children _ in the street.九、被 动

82、 语 态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。 主动语态的主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。一、构成：be + 过去分词eg. 1)The work is finished by him.2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般过去时：was/ were

83、 + 过去分词eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词eg. The work has been done by them.5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.过去进行时：was/ were

84、 being + 过去分词eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be 动词的变化（即：be 动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词eg. He may be sent away from school.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”eg. He was called Mike by

85、 us4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错)_5.当宾语补足语是省 to 不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to 还原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.

86、We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.练习题()1.This factory has been_ for two yearsA. openB. to openC. openingD. opened()2.The light in the room _ before you leave. A. must turn offB. will turn offC. are turned offD. must be turned off()3.The young trees _ planted in spring.A. m

87、ustB. haveC. must beD. must are()4.Chinese _ by Miss Wang three years ago.A. was taughtB. is taughtC. was teachedD. were teach()5.Young trees _ quite often.A. should waterB. should be waterC. should be wateredD. should have watered()6.English _ by many people in the worldA. speaks B. speak C. are sp

88、oken D. is spoken()7.The old people _ well in our country.A. is looked afterB. are looked afterC. looks afterD. look for()8. Alice is ill. She _ to hospital at once.A. is sentB. must be sentC. can sendD. must send()9. The factory _ in 1958.A. was builtB. is builtC. will be builtD. built()10.Our teac

89、her told us that the classroom _ every day.A. should be cleanedB. should cleanedC. shall be cleanedD. must cleaned十、状语从句考试标准: 1. 能正确使用引导状语从句的连接词。2. 掌握时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来的用法。（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句1）when 与 whileeg.1)Ill tell her the good news _he c

90、omes back.2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV3)since:自从以来(since 从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China2)It is two years since her mother died.（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句eg.I will go to the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1）祈使句，a

91、nd (then , or)+简单句= If you , you eg.1)Use your head, then youll find a way.=If you use your head, youll find a way2)Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry, youll be late.2)without 与条件句的转化eg. Man cant live without water.=Man cant live if there is no water.注意以上两种状语从句的时态主句时间、条件句1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情

92、态动词原形 一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时但 since 从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back.2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework.3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow4)I _ (live) here since I came to China.（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句eg. He didnt go to school because he

93、 was ill.注意：1)对 because 引导的从句提问用 why2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didnt (C) go to school (D) yesterday.（四）结果状语从句：由so that 引导的从句（so 后接形、副原级）eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldnt catch up with (C) him.注意：1) “so that +否定句”与“too to”的替换_eg.1)He is so young that he c

94、ant go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)2)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him.= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)3)The box is so heavy that I cant carry it= The box is too heavy for me to carry.( 注意 carry 后省去宾语 it)2） “so that +从句”与“enough to”的替换eg.1

95、)Hes so strong that he can carry the box.= Hes strong enough to carry the box.2)The question is so easy that I can answer it=The question is easy enough for me to answer练习()1.We bought granny a present, _ she didn t like it.A. butB. andC. when()2.Be quick, _ youll be late for the football match.A. s

96、oB. andC. or()3.Youve done badly, _ I can see you did your best.A. orB. butC. so()4.That was our first lesson, _ she didn t know all our names.A. forB. butC. so()5.They didnt pass the ball often enough, _ they didnt play together very well.A. andB. yetC. when()6.It was raining at that time, _ they c

97、ouldnt go out for walk.A. becauseB. orC. so()7.Mary couldnt go to school, _ she was very ill.A. forB. beforeC. though()8.Go straight along the road, _ youll find the hospital at the end of it.A. sinceB. andC. when()9.Take this medicine , _ you will yet well soon.A. andB. butC. so()10.Either she or I

98、 _ him at the airport.A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet十一、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子考试标准: 掌握宾语从句的语序、时态呼应及连接词的用法。对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1. 引导词 2. 语序3. 时态1. 引导词1)that 引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that 可省)eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese.2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从eg. .Do you know who will give us a talk?.I dont know w

99、hose book that is.Could you please tell which gate we have to go to?.I wonder when he will come back.注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do”eg. .I havent decided where I will go=I havent decided where to go.He asked me what I bought= He asked me what to buy.类似短语：how to do _what to say_what to do

100、_where to go_3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg. .“Do you like this book?” she asked me.=She asked me _ I liked this book.“Have you visited the Great Wall?” Could you tell me?=Could you tell me _ you have visited the Great Wall?注意以下几点：.区别 if 当作“是否” ，还是“如果”eg. I dont know if he _ (come)if it _(rain) tomo

101、rrow.用 whether 不用 if 的几种情况1)后接不定式eg. I cant decide whether to go to Beijing.2)与 or / or not 连用eg. I want to know whether you will go to the park or not.3)在句首时eg. Whether this is true or not, I cant say.4)whether 还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow.2.语序

102、：宾从用陈述句语序eg. 1)I dont (A) know whether (B) will he (C) come (D) tomorrow._2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C) come back (D)._3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B) are there (C) in (D) a football team? _3.时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时

103、。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.练习()1.Alice wanted to know _ her grandma liked the dog.A. thatB. ifC. whichD. what()2.Can you tell us _ ?A. where have you goneB. where have you goneC. where you have beenD. where have you been()3.Do you still remember _ ?A. that he saidB. what he saidC

104、. did he say thatD. what did he say()4.The weather here changes very often and we can t tell _ it will be like tomorrow.A. thatB. howC. whatD. whether()5.What did the scientist say?-He said he wondered if _into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to flyB. he could flyC. can he flyD. could he fly()6

105、.Do you know_from Wuhan to Xian ?A. how far it isB. how far is itC. how long it isD. how long is it()7.Could you tell me _?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in()8.Is the lake there beautiful?- This photo will show you _.A. how does it look lik

106、eB. what does it look likeC. how it looks likeD. what it looks like()9. I dont know _ bought the present for me. Is it Jack?A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. what()10.Could you show us _ a bike ?A. how to mendB. what to buyC. where to goD. how many to buy十二、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。考试标准: 正确

107、使用关系代词who，which，that 引导的定语从句。一、引导词（关系词） ：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词 who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词 when, where, why.注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是 that 时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This

108、is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的先行词是人时用that ,who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用 that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where.eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树

109、下的那个男孩时 Jim.2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别 who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)1.修饰人只用 who 的情况：a. 先行词是 one , ones , anyone , those 时。b. there be 句型中修饰名词时。c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyone who hasn t ha

110、nded in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用 that 的情况：a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everythin

111、g , something , anything ,nothingb.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时c. 先行词既有人，又有物时d. 主句是 who / which 引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。3)He talked about the teachers and schools that

112、 he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用 which 的情况：a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b. 先行词为 that 时eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)Whats that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1定语从句为被动语态

113、时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that.3)The book that is on

114、the table is mine.= The book on the table is mine.4) We have nothing that we should fear.= We have nothing to fear.练习()1.The man _ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toB. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to himD. which you just talked to()2.This is the best film _has been

115、shown this year.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. when()3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. in where()4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers _ interested himA. whatB. whoC. thatD. which()5.My father still remembers the day _ he joined the army.A. when

116、B. whichC. to whichD. from which()6.Ill never forget the summer holidays _ we spent together.A. whenB. in whichC. whichD. how()7Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?Yes, he does.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. who()8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. whe

117、reC. whatD. that()9.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whoseB. whomC. whichD. who()10.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which十三、简单句的五种句型1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）eg. He is working.2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）eg. We study Englis

118、h every day.3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）eg. Trees turn green.常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; look( 看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).特别注意：形容词常作表语4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人）常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但 buy 与 for 连用eg.1)I gave him a

119、 book.= I gave a book to him.2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.= My mother bought a pen for me.5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么） ；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。eg.1)We call him Jim.2)We must keep the window open.3)He told me to wash the plates.4)I saw a thief going into your room.特别注意：1)动词不定

120、式作宾补A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth2)省 to 不定式作宾补，即：(l, m, n; 3h; 2 看; 1f) sb do sthllet, mmake, nnotice; 3hhear, have , help; 2看see, watch; 1ffeel.eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.2)I often hear him sing.2)区别省 to 不定式作宾补与动词 ing 形式作宾补.hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事