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1、欢迎来到英语课堂欢迎来到英语课堂类别课程目程目标要求掌握的要求掌握的项目目话题The Renaissance and describing a Chinese painting词汇mysterious, disturbing, subject, combination, work, trade, afford, employ, contrast, compare,basically, effect, shade, motivate, reckon, crossing, flee, appeal, suspect, seek, behalf, fundamental, blame, movabl
2、e, passion, inspire, profession, calculate, overnight, ferry, tax, moustache, merely, squeeze, mill, desireon behalf of, at liberty, depend on, get tired of doing sth., in history, lead to, leave sth. behind, take up, hand in hand, instead of, up to, find ones way, end up(with)功能功能Talk about the anc
3、ient civilization.语法法复复习非非谓语动词1mysterious adj.1)神秘的;不可思神秘的;不可思议的;的;难解的解的a mysterious event/crime/letter/parcel神秘的事件神秘的事件/罪行罪行/信件信件/包裹包裹2)保密的;好故弄玄虚的保密的;好故弄玄虚的He was being very mysterious, and wouldnt tell me what he was up to.他神秘莫他神秘莫测,不告,不告诉我他想干什么。我他想干什么。She gave me a mysterious look.她向我使了个神秘的眼色。她向我
4、使了个神秘的眼色。知识拓展知识拓展mysteriously adv.神秘地;不可思议地神秘地;不可思议地mystery n神秘神秘/秘密秘密(的事物的事物)即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子For the _ on her face, Tom worked up all the night. (为了她脸上神秘莫测的笑容,为了她脸上神秘莫测的笑容,Tom彻夜无眠彻夜无眠)答案:答案:mysterious smiles2disturbing adj. 烦扰的;令人心烦的烦扰的;令人心烦的He has had some disturbing experience.他有他有过一些使他很不安的一些使他很不
5、安的经历。知识拓展知识拓展disturb vi. & vt. 弄乱,打乱,打弄乱,打乱,打扰,扰乱乱指指的的是是扰乱乱某某种种状状态,使使秩秩序序或或某某种种状状态受受到到影影响响,往往往指往指彻底的底的“打打扰”。Wind disturbed the water.风吹吹皱了水面。了水面。Please dont disturb me while Im working.当我工作当我工作时,请不要打不要打扰我。我。He was disturbed to hear of your illness.他听到你生病的消息感到很不安。他听到你生病的消息感到很不安。3combination n.1)(两两个个
6、或或两两个个以以上上的的事事物物或或人人)结合合;混混合合;联合合;组合合;合并;化合合并;化合It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable.他他的的生生花花妙妙笔笔与与政政治治分分析析相相得得益益彰彰,使使他他的的文文章章脍脍炙炙人人口。口。The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.公司正在公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新合几家海外合伙人制造
7、新产品。品。2)结合到一起的事物或人;混合物;合到一起的事物或人;混合物;联合体合体Pink is a combination of red and white.粉粉红色是色是红色与白色的混合色。色与白色的混合色。The architecture in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new.市中心的建筑市中心的建筑风格是古今格是古今结合,合,浑然一体。然一体。知识拓展知识拓展combine vi. & vt. (使使)联合;联合;(使使)结合结合in combination with.与与联合联合combine A
8、 with B 使混合为一整体;组合;合并使混合为一整体;组合;合并be combined with 与与联合着联合着combined adj. 组合的;结合的组合的;结合的Ecotravel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.生态旅游是把普通的旅游和学习结合起来的一种旅游。生态旅游是把普通的旅游和学习结合起来的一种旅游。The two small shops combined to make a large one.这两个小店合并起来成为了一个大商店。这两个小店合并起来成为了一个大商店。词语辨析词语辨
9、析combine, connect, join和和unite这组词都有都有“结合;合;连接接”的意思。的意思。1)combine着着重重指指两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的人人或或事事物物为了了共共同同的的目目的的而而结合合在在一一起起,结合合后后原原来来的的部部分分可可能能仍仍不不改改变或或失去其本性。失去其本性。The three parties combined to form a coalition government.三党三党结盟盟组成成联合政府。合政府。2)connect指指两两物物有有形形的的连接接,两两者者仍仍保保持持各各自自的的独独立立性性,并并常常与与介介词with或或t
10、o连用用构构成成短短语:be connected with“与与有有联系系”;connect with“将将相相连”;connect sb. to “把某人与把某人与联系在一起系在一起”。He and the Johnsons are connected by marriage.他和他和约翰翰逊家家联姻。姻。His research work is connected with steel industry.他的研究与他的研究与钢铁业有关。有关。3)join指指任任何何事事物物的的直直接接连接接,连接接的的程程度度可可紧可可松松,还有有能能分分开开之之意意,如如田田与与田田、国国与与国国之之间
11、的的相相互互连接接,但但只与介只与介词to连用。用。The new highway has joined the two cities.新公路把那两个城市新公路把那两个城市连接了起来。接了起来。注注意意:在在join, connect表表“连接接”的的句句子子中中,常常用用by sth., by doing sth.短短语表表示示“用用什什么么方方式式”来来连接接,用用at表表示示连接的地点,有接的地点,有时用用with短短语表示表示“用某种材料用某种材料”来来连接。接。He joined the two pieces of wood together with nails.他用他用钉子把子把
12、这两两块木木头钉了起来。了起来。The two railways connect at Zhengzhou.两条两条铁路在路在郑州交州交汇。4)unite意意为“联合合;团结;团聚聚”,指指很很紧密密地地结合合,强强调结合合成成为新新的的统一一体体,如如指指把把两两部部分分或或两两个个国国家家结合合成一体。成一体。Oil will not unite with water.油和水不相溶。油和水不相溶。Unite to win victories.团结起来,争取起来,争取胜利。利。即学即用即学即用Nowhere in nature is aluminium (铝铝) found free, ow
13、ing to its always _ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.AcombinedBhaving combinedCcombine Dbeing combined答案:答案:D动名词作动名词作to的介词宾语。的介词宾语。4subject n. C(绘画,摄影等的绘画,摄影等的)主题主题The subject of the music is a love story.这首音首音乐的主的主题是是爱情故事。情故事。知识拓展知识拓展1)subject n. 学科;科目;学科;科目;话题;(语法法)主主语What subject di
14、d you have yesterday?你你们昨天上的是什么昨天上的是什么课?What is the subject of that sentence?那个句子的主那个句子的主语是什么?是什么?2)subject 为广广义用法。用法。theme 常指文章、演常指文章、演说等的等的subject。topic 常指会常指会话的的subject。The theme of the poem is love and peace.这首首诗的主的主题是是爱与和平。与和平。We have common topics to talk about.我我们有共同的有共同的话题可可谈。The subject of
15、“The subject they like talking about is the subjects they study.”is “the subject”“他他们喜喜欢谈论的的话题是是他他们所所学学的的科科目目。”这句句话的的主主语是是“话题”。5basically adv.基本上,本质上,大致说来基本上,本质上,大致说来Basically I agree with your proposals, but there are a few small points Id like to discuss.我基本上同意你的建我基本上同意你的建议,但是有几个小,但是有几个小问题有待有待讨论。D
16、espite her criticisms, she is basically very fond of you.别看她批看她批评你,她其你,她其实很喜很喜欢你。你。知识拓展知识拓展basic adj.基本的,基础的,首要的基本的,基础的,首要的6shade nU(图画等中的图画等中的)阴影;阴暗部分阴影;阴暗部分The artist uses light and shade to good effect.这位位艺术家很会运用明暗效果。家很会运用明暗效果。They were sitting in the shade of a tree.他他们正坐在正坐在树荫下。下。知识拓展知识拓展put/th
17、row/cast.into/in the shade使使相形失色相形失色词语辨析词语辨析shade, shadow在本在本质上,上,shade指一个立体空指一个立体空间,shadow指一个平面。指一个平面。7work n. 指指“文艺、音乐或艺术作品文艺、音乐或艺术作品”,是可数名词。,是可数名词。This film is a new work by the director Zhang Yimou.这部部电影是影是导演演张艺谋的新作。的新作。知识拓展知识拓展works指某作家或作曲家的全部作品或部分作品指某作家或作曲家的全部作品或部分作品I have The Complete Works o
18、f Shakespeare.我有我有莎士比莎士比亚全集全集。即学即用即学即用He recognized the painting as an early _by Picasso.AworksBworkCjob Djobs答案:答案:B8trade n. 贸易;商业;交易;生意贸易;商业;交易;生意China does lots of trade with America.中国和美国之中国和美国之间贸易易频繁。繁。He is in the furniture trade.他从事家具他从事家具业。知识拓展知识拓展trade vi.& vt. 交易;买卖;经商;对换交易;买卖;经商;对换trade
19、with sb. 与某人做买卖;与某人交换与某人做买卖;与某人交换trade for sth. 用某物同某物进行交换用某物同某物进行交换Id like to trade this book for your knife.我想用这本书换你的刀子。我想用这本书换你的刀子。即学即用即学即用Toms dream is to be in the fruits _ all over the world.Achange BexchangeCtrade Dtrades答答案案:C(be) in the fruits trade 从从事事水水果果贸贸易易事事业业。句意为:句意为:Tom的梦想是从事全球水果贸易事
20、业。的梦想是从事全球水果贸易事业。9afford vt. 负担得起负担得起(的费用、时间等的费用、时间等)常常用用结构构:afford名名词/代代词/不不定定式式,并并且且afford常常与与can, could, be able to连用用,表表示示“有有足足够的的时间、金金钱等等条件做某事条件做某事”。Now many people cant afford the medical treatment in the country.现在,在在,在农村村许多人看不起病。多人看不起病。Reading affords us pleasure. Reading affords pleasure to
21、 us.阅读使我使我们快快乐。即学即用即学即用If you like the new house, I suggest you buy it.But its really too expensive. I cant _ it.Aget BaffordCsupply Dbuy答案:答案:B10employ vt. 雇用;利用;忙于雇用;利用;忙于She is employed in a bank.她受雇在她受雇在银行上班。行上班。Your article employed so many scientific terms.你的文章用了你的文章用了这么多科学么多科学术语。知识拓展知识拓展1)emp
22、loy oneself in.或或be employed in.忙于忙于He saw that his daughter was employed in trimming a hat.他看见他的女儿正忙着装饰一顶帽子。他看见他的女儿正忙着装饰一顶帽子。2)employer n. 雇用者;雇主雇用者;雇主employee n. 雇工;受雇者雇工;受雇者employable adj. 可雇用的;可使用的可雇用的;可使用的employment n. 雇用;使用;职业雇用;使用;职业即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子They _ (聘请聘请) him to look after their baby.答
23、案:答案:employed11contrast v. 使对照;使对比使对照;使对比contrast A with B对比比A与与B(以以显示二者的差异示二者的差异)His actions contrasted sharply with his promises.他的行他的行动与他的与他的诺言有天壤之言有天壤之别。知识拓展知识拓展contrast n. 比比较;对比;比;对照;差照;差别There is a remarkable contrast between the two brothers.这两兄弟之两兄弟之间有极其有极其显著的差著的差别。In contrast with their sy
24、stem, ours seems very old fashioned.我我们的制度与他的制度与他们的相比的相比显得得过于守旧了。于守旧了。即学即用即学即用翻译句子翻译句子His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin._答案:答案:他的白发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。他的白发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。12motivate vt.激发,激励;成为激发,激励;成为做事的动机做事的动机What motivated him to do such a thing?是什么促使他做是什么促使他做这种事的?种事的?Examinations do no
25、t motivate a student to seek more knowledge.考考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。知识拓展知识拓展motivation n动机,机,诱因因motive n动机,目的机,目的motivated adj.被激被激发的,的,(由由)激起的激起的即学即用即学即用Only one third of the workers say their supervisors know what_them to do their best work.Aencourages BmakesCmotivates Dhas答答案案:C句句意意:只只有有三三
26、分分之之一一的的工工人人说说他他们们的的上上司司知知道道是是什什么么激激励励他他们们尽尽力力工工作作的的。motivate“激激发发,成成为为做做事事的的动动机机”,更更强强调调客客观观上上的的刺刺激激,符符合合句句意意。encourage侧侧重重指指主主动动的的鼓鼓励励;make与与have作作使使役役动动词词时其后接不带时其后接不带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。13compare v. 比较比较compare A with/to B把把A与与B比比较/把把A比比喻成成B。Its necessary to compare English to/with Chinese in Engli
27、sh study.学学习英英语时有必要把英有必要把英语和和汉语进行一番比行一番比较。A teacher is often compared to a candle.(不用不用with)教教师常被比作蜡常被比作蜡烛。Compared with/to our parents, we are really very fortunate.与我与我们的父的父辈相比,我相比,我们确确实很幸运。很幸运。知识拓展知识拓展comparison n. 比较比较in/by comparison with. 与与比较比较In comparison with 1949, the total output value o
28、f the textile industry went up by 4.3 times in 1973.1973年纺织工业总产值与年纺织工业总产值与1949年相比,增长了年相比,增长了4.3倍。倍。直击高考直击高考(1)Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared解解析析:考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词与与固固定定搭搭配配。表表达达“与与相相比比”,应用,应用compared to/with。答案:答案:D(2)Her shoes_her
29、dress; they look very well together.Asuit BfitCcompare Dmatch解解析析:考考查动词词义。句句意意:她她的的鞋鞋子子和和衣衣服服很很配配,它它们搭搭配配起起来来很很好好看看。match“般般配配;与与相相配配”。fit指指大小尺寸吻合;大小尺寸吻合;suit指衣服,指衣服,颜色等合身,相配。色等合身,相配。答案:答案:D1 I find it mysterious, and perhaps even a little disturbing;.我发现它很神秘,或许还有那么一点令人不安;我发现它很神秘,或许还有那么一点令人不安;1) fin
30、d宾语adj. (作作补语);发现I found him honest.我我发现他很他很诚实。2)find后后除除了了跟跟adj. 作作宾补外外,还可可以以跟跟名名词、分分词、介介词短短语等等,意意思思是是“发现/发觉处于于某某状状态或或在在做做某某事事”。She woke up and found herself in the hospital.她醒来她醒来发觉自己在医院里。自己在医院里。We came home and found him asleep on the sofa.我我们回到家回到家发现他在沙他在沙发上睡着了。上睡着了。I suddenly found myself runni
31、ng down the street.我不知不我不知不觉突然沿街跑了起来。突然沿街跑了起来。知识拓展知识拓展find fault with 找碴儿;挑错找碴儿;挑错The man is very hard on others and always finding fault with others.这人对别人很苛刻,总是挑别人的毛病。这人对别人很苛刻,总是挑别人的毛病。即学即用即学即用(1)We were astonished_the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be found答答案案:B
32、句句意意:看看到到寺寺院院仍仍处处于于原原始始状状态态,我我们们感感到到非常震惊。空格处为不定式作原因状语。非常震惊。空格处为不定式作原因状语。(2)When he woke up he found himself _ to the tree.Atied Bbeing tiedCto be tied Dtieing答案:答案:A2The effect of the light, the combination of light and shade, is astonishing.光的效果,光和影的结合,是令人惊讶的。光的效果,光和影的结合,是令人惊讶的。effect1)n.影响;效果,作用影响
33、;效果,作用Unfortunately, their efforts had no effect.不幸的是,他不幸的是,他们的努力毫无作用。的努力毫无作用。I tried to persuade him, but with no effect.我我试图说服他,但无服他,但无济于事。于事。2)vt.使使发生,引起,生,引起,实现Nothing can stop me from effecting my goal.什么都不能阻止我去什么都不能阻止我去实现我的目我的目标。The demonstration effected nothing.这次示威游行没有次示威游行没有产生任何效果。生任何效果。知识
34、拓展知识拓展effective adj.有效的;事实上的有效的;事实上的effectively adv.有效地;事实上,实际上有效地;事实上,实际上have (an)effect on sb./sth.对某人或某物有影响对某人或某物有影响take effect见效,生效,起作用见效,生效,起作用cause and effect 因果因果go/come into effect 开始生效开始生效bring about effect 产生效果产生效果put/bring/carry sth. into effect 使使生效生效in effect 实际上;实际上;(规律、法律规律、法律)生效;在实行中
35、生效;在实行中give effect to 实行实行be of no effect 没有作用没有作用The medicine will soon come into effect.这种种药很快就会很快就会见效。效。What he says has a great effect on his children.他的他的话对他的孩子他的孩子们影响很大。影响很大。词语辨析词语辨析affect, effect, influence1)affect为动词,指指“产生生的的影影响响之之大大足足以以引引起起反反应”,着着重重“影影响响”的的动作作,有有时含含有有“对产生生不不利利影影响响”的的意意思。思。2
36、)effect作作“结果果;效效果果;影影响响”讲时是是名名词,常常见搭搭配配有有:have an effect on对有有影影响响;put into effect“实行行;实施施”;take effect“生效;生效;实行;行;见效;起作用效;起作用”。3)influence既既可可作作动词又又可可作作名名词,指指“通通过说服服、举例例等等对行行动、思思想想、性性格格等等产生生不不易易觉察察到到的的、 潜潜移移默默化化的影响的影响”。The entire country was affected by the drought.全国都受到了旱灾的影响。全国都受到了旱灾的影响。His speec
37、h deeply affected the audience.他的演他的演讲深深地打深深地打动了听众。了听众。What we read will influence our thinking.我我们所所阅读的的书会影响我会影响我们的思想。的思想。The film had quite an effect on her.这部影片部影片对她影响极大。她影响极大。即学即用即学即用完成句子完成句子The new law will _(生效生效) next month.答案:答案:come into effect单项填空单项填空We wont know whether it will be success
38、ful. We wont know whether there will be good _.Aends BresultsCeffects Dcauses答答案案:B考考查查名名词词辨辨析析。句句意意为为:我我们们不不知知道道是是否否会会成成功功,我我们们不不知知道道是是否否会会有有好好的的结结果果。result意意为为“结结果果;影影响响”,指指由由于于某某一一行行动动、计计划划或或事事件件等等带带来来的的直直接接后后果果。例例如如:His limp is the result of a fall. 他他的的腿腿是是摔摔瘸瘸的的。end结结束束,结结尾尾,结结局局,最最后后情情况况;effe
39、ct意意为为“结结果果;影影响响”,指指由由于于某某一一行行动动、计计划划或或事事件件等等带带来来的的间间接接后后果果或或某某一一事事物物产产生生的的效效应应或或其其影影响响;cause缘缘故故,原原因,指一种影响、结果或后果的制造者。因,指一种影响、结果或后果的制造者。非谓语动词非谓语动词非非谓谓语语动动词词,就就是是在在句句子子中中不不能能充充当当谓谓语语的的动动词词,也也叫叫非非限限定定动动词词,包包括括动动词词不不定定式式、动动名名词词和和分分词词三三种种形形式式。其用法辨析如下:其用法辨析如下:一、作主语一、作主语不不定定式式作作主主语语表表示示一一个个具具体体的的、将将来来的的动动
40、作作,一一般般受受一一定定条条件件的的限限制制;而而动动名名词词作作主主语语表表示示一一个个抽抽象象的的、习习惯惯性的动作,一般不受条件限制。性的动作,一般不受条件限制。To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.炎炎热的夏季在海里游泳很的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。意。Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages.朗朗读是学是学习语言的一个好方法。言的一个好方法。特别提示特别提示不不定定式式作作主主语时,一一般般可可用用it作作形形式式主主语,而而将将真真正正的的主主语放放在在后后面面;而
41、而动名名词只只能能在在一一些些特特定定的的句句式式中中可可以以用用it作形式主作形式主语。二、作宾语二、作宾语不不定定式式和和动动名名词词都都可可以以作作宾宾语语,但但须须跟跟在在特特定定的的动动词词后后面面。不不定定式式一一般般不不作作介介词词宾宾语语;而而动动名名词词则则可可以以作作介介词词宾语。宾语。We must not pretend to know what we dont know.我们不能不懂装懂。我们不能不懂装懂。True happiness consists in being contented with oneself.真正的幸福在于知足。真正的幸福在于知足。特别提示特别
42、提示(1)except, but作作介介词词时时后后面面也也可可以以跟跟不不定定式式,但但多多用用于否定句和疑问句。于否定句和疑问句。Then he has no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是他别无选择,只能躺下睡觉。于是他别无选择,只能躺下睡觉。Tom did nothing last night except watch TV.除了看电视,汤姆昨晚什么也没干。除了看电视,汤姆昨晚什么也没干。(2)有有些些动词如如begin, like, start等等后后跟跟不不定定式式、动名名词作作宾语都可以,意都可以,意义差差别不大。不大。As soon as
43、 he arrived at the school, he began reading/to read books.他一到学校,就开始看他一到学校,就开始看书。I liked playing/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.我上中学我上中学时,喜,喜欢打打乒乓球。球。(3)有有些些动词如如forget, remember, regret等等后后跟跟不不定定式式和和动名名词作作宾语差差别较大大。这些些动词跟跟不不定定式式时表表示示的的是是将将来来的的、未未发生生的的动作作,跟跟动名名词时表表示示过去去的的、已已发生的
44、生的动作。作。Dont forget to post the letter for me when you pass the post office.当你当你经过邮局局时,别忘了替我把忘了替我把这封信寄出去。封信寄出去。Ill never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永我永远忘不了在忘不了在纽约看看过的那出音的那出音乐剧。(4)有有些些动词如如need, want, require, bear(忍忍耐耐)等等后后跟跟动名名词的的主主动形形式式表表示示被被动意意义,也也可可跟跟不不定定式式的的被被动形形式式表被表被动意意义。The room ne
45、eds repairing/ to be repaired.这房房间需要修理。需要修理。This kind of cloth bears washing/ to be washed.这种布料很耐洗。种布料很耐洗。三、作表语三、作表语1不定式与动名词不定式与动名词不不定定式式作作表表语语一一般般表表示示一一个个具具体体的的、将将来来的的动动作作;动动名名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。All that I want is to learn from practice.我所需要的是从实践中学习。我所需要的是从实践中学习。His hobby is coll
46、ecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。他的爱好是集邮。2动名名词与与现在分在分词动名名词作作表表语一一般般只只和和系系动词be连用用,与与主主语是是等等值关关系系,两两者者有有时可可以以互互换,句句子子意意思思不不变。现在在分分词作作表表语,除除了了和和系系动词be连用用以以外外,还可可以以跟跟在在其其他他连系系动词后后面面作作表表语。现在在分分词作作表表语表表示示主主语的的特特征征、性性质,它它相相当当于于形形容容词,和和主主语不不是是对等等关关系系,因因此此不不能能和和主主语交交换位置。位置。His favorite sport is playing basketball.(Play
47、ing basketball is his favorite sport.)(动名名词)他最喜他最喜欢的体育活的体育活动是打是打篮球。球。Our main task is building our country into a modern powerful one.(动名名词)我我们的的主主要要任任务是是把把我我国国建建设成成为一一个个现代代化化强强国。国。The present situation is quite encouraging.(现在分在分词)当前形当前形势很令人鼓舞。很令人鼓舞。She seems unthinking.(现在分在分词)她似乎漫不她似乎漫不经心。心。3现在分在
48、分词与与过去分去分词现在在分分词作作表表语,具具有有主主动的的含含义,表表示示主主语具具有有的的特特征征;过去去分分词作作表表语,具具有有被被动含含义,表表示示主主语所所处的的状状态。He was sunk in thought.他陷入了沉思。他陷入了沉思。He is disappointing.他令人失望。他令人失望。不不及及物物动词的的过去去分分词也也可可以以作作表表语,这时不不表表示示被被动,而表示完成。如:而表示完成。如:When I got there, everyone was gone.当我到那儿当我到那儿时,大家都走了。,大家都走了。四、作定语四、作定语1动名词与现在分词动名词
49、与现在分词动动名名词词短短语语不不能能作作定定语语,只只能能用用单单个个的的动动名名词词作作前前置置定定语语,用用来来说说明明该该名名词词的的性性质质、用用途途,可可替替换换成成for短短语语。现现在在分分词词作作定定语语时时,与与所所修修饰饰的的词词有有逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系,表示正在进行的动作,可转换成定语从句。表示正在进行的动作,可转换成定语从句。a swimming poola pool for swimming(动名词动名词)a sleeping childa child that is sleeping(分词分词)2分分词(短短语)单独独一一个个分分词作作定定语放放在在中
50、中心心词的的前前面面,分分词短短语作作定定语放放在在中中心心词的的后后面面。现在在分分词表表示示主主动、进行行的的动作作,过去分去分词表示被表示被动、完成的、完成的动作。作。falling leaves正在正在飘落的叶子落的叶子fallen leaves落叶落叶China is a developing country, not a developed country.中国是一个中国是一个发展中国家而不是一个展中国家而不是一个发达国家。达国家。五、作状语五、作状语不不定定式式作作状状语语多多表表示示目目的的、原原因因、结结果果,分分词词作作状状语语表表示示时时间间、原原因因、让让步步、结结果果
51、、方方式式和和伴伴随随。分分词词作作原原因因状状语语多多放放在在句句首首,不不定定式式作作原原因因状状语语表表示示内内心心情情绪绪产产生生的的原原因因。现现在在分分词词作作结结果果状状语语表表示示自然的结果,不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果。自然的结果,不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果。Being Party members, we should take the lead in everything.因为我们是党员,所以凡事我们都应该起带头作用。因为我们是党员,所以凡事我们都应该起带头作用。He wept to hear the news.听到这个消息,他哭了。听到这个消息,他哭了。Hi
52、s parents died, leaving him a lot of money.他的父母去世了,留给他一大笔钱。他的父母去世了,留给他一大笔钱。He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到他匆忙赶到车站,站,结果却果却发现火火车已已经离开了。离开了。六、作补语六、作补语不不定定式式和和分分词都都可可以以作作补语,但但须跟跟在在特特定定的的动词后后面面,并并且且表表示示的的意意义有有所所不不同同。现在在分分词作作补语表表示示正正在在进行行的的动作作,不不强强调动作作的的全全过程程;不不定定式式作作
53、补语表表示示已已经完成的完成的动作,作,强强调动作作发生的全生的全过程。程。I saw him going upstairs.(动作在作在进行行)我看我看见他正在上楼。他正在上楼。We watched her cross the street.(动作全作全过程已完成程已完成)我我们看到她穿看到她穿过了了马路。路。七、非谓语动词时态和语态的形式七、非谓语动词时态和语态的形式动词不定式不定式动词ing形式形式动词ed形式形式一般式一般式to dodoingdone是及物是及物动词do的的过去分去分词,done既表示被既表示被动,又表示完成;而又表示完成;而不及物不及物动词的的过去分去分词并不表示并
54、不表示被被动而只有完成而只有完成的含的含义一般被一般被动式式to be donebeing done完成式完成式to have donehaving done完成被完成被动式式to have been donehaving been done进行式行式to be doing完成完成进行式行式to have been doing八、非谓语动词的几种特殊情况八、非谓语动词的几种特殊情况1非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式在它们前面加非谓语动词的否定式在它们前面加not。They decided not to go.他们决定不去了。他们决定不去了。Toms not coming
55、home on time made his father very worried.汤姆没按时回家让他父亲很着急。汤姆没按时回家让他父亲很着急。Not invited, I felt a little depressed.由于没有受到邀请,我感到有些郁闷。由于没有受到邀请,我感到有些郁闷。2非非谓语动词的被的被动式式He came without being invited.没有邀没有邀请他就来了。他就来了。He was very glad to be told that his mother would take him to the countryside.被告知被告知妈妈要要带他去他去乡
56、下,他很高下,他很高兴。3非非谓语动词的完成式的完成式如如果果要要强强调非非谓语动词所所表表示示的的动作作发生生在在谓语动词表表示的示的动作之前通常用非作之前通常用非谓语动词的完成式。的完成式。The book is said to have been translated into three languages.据据说这本本书被翻被翻译成了三种成了三种语言。言。Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.尽管已尽管已经被告知被告知过很多次,但他依然不明白。很多次,但他依然不明白。4分分词的独立主格的独立主格结构构分
57、分词短短语所所表表示示的的动作作的的逻辑主主语一一般般和和句句子子的的主主语一一致致,但但有有时分分词短短语也也会会有有自自己己独独立立的的主主语(通通常常是是名名词或或代代词),这种种结构构被被称称为独独立立主主格格结构构。该结构构在在句句子子中作状中作状语。Time permitting, well go to have a picnic.时间允允许的的话我我们就去野餐。就去野餐。The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their work.月亮出来了,他月亮出来了,他们决定决定继续工作。工作。All the work done, th
58、ey went to the square.所有工作都做完后他所有工作都做完后他们就去广就去广场了。了。即学即用即学即用.非谓语动词对比练习非谓语动词对比练习1Charles Baggage is generally considered_the first computer.Ato have invented BinventingChaving invented DinventedWe are considering_Hong Kong next year.Avisit BvisitingCto visit Dto pay a visit for2Id like_with you to gi
59、ve them a first aid.Id rather_with you to help them out of danger.I feel like_with you to give them a warm welcome.Ato go BgoingCgone Dgo3Mary needs_her watch.Ato be repaired BrepairCrepairing Dto repairMarys watch needs_.Ato repair BrepairingCrepaired Dto have repaired4Li Ping advised us _a new pla
60、n.Li Ping advised a new plan_.Amade Bto makeCmaking Dto be made5The foreigner is considering_a visit to the Great Wall.Ato pay BpayingCpay Dhaving paidShe is considering how_there.Ato go BgoingCgo Dto have gone6 Looking at the pictures, she couldnt help_of her childhood.Athinking Bto thinkCto be tho
61、ught DthoughtBusy translating a book, she couldnt help_the article.Awrite BwritingCto write Dwritten7Who is _by the door?Astood BstandingCto stand Dto standingShe has not a leg_upon.Ato stand BstandingCto standing Dstood8He has made up his mind_up with the world advanced level.Ato catch BcatchingCca
62、ught Dto catchingWould he mind_the window?Ato open BopenedCopening Dto be opened9He suggested_the matter with the manager.Adiscussed Bbe discussedCdiscussing Dto discussHe suggested that she_it with the boss.Adiscuss Bbe discussedCdiscussed Ddiscussing10The bamboo can be used to _chairs.Amaking Bmad
63、eCbe made DmakeYoull soon be used to_here.Alive BlivingClived Dlive in答答案案:1.AB2.ADB3.DB4.BD5.BA6.AC7.BA8.AC9.CA10.DB.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1It is difficult_(照照顾这么么小小的一个孩子的一个孩子)2Mr. Green seemed_(越越来来越不喜越不喜欢他他)3I happened_(正正挨挨着着他他站站着着)when he was shot.4_(晚晚饭后后散散步步)is a good habit.5_(不不知知道道)when
64、 she can finish writing the book.6I remember_(付付给我我报酬酬了了), but I cant remember the exact number.7When I came into the classroom, I_(发现有人打有人打扫过了了)8 She was very glad to see her daughter well_(被照被照顾)9What do you think of the play_(同学同学们演出的演出的)?10How shall we answer the question_(杨先生提出的先生提出的)?答案:答案:1.to look after such a little child2to dislike him more and more3to be standing next to him4Taking a walk after supper5There is no knowing6being paid7found it cleaned8taken care of9put on by the students10raised/put forward by Mr. Yang