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1、Section Grammar & Writing语法精讲专项突破语法精讲专项突破品味语法品味语法品味语法品味语法直接引直接引语变间接引接引语1.直直接接引引语变为间接接引引语时，不不同同种种类的的句句子有着不同的子有着不同的变化方式。化方式。讲解归纳讲解归纳讲解归纳讲解归纳直接直接引引语间接引接引语例句例句备注注陈述句述句变为连词that引引导的的宾语从从句，句，that可以可以省略。省略。He said，“Im from America.”He said(that) he was from America.直接直接引引语间接引接引语例句例句备注注一般一般疑疑问句句变为连词if或或wheth
2、er引引导的的宾语从句，从句，said(to sb.)变为asked (sb.) if/whether句句型。型。He said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked me if/whether I was interested in English.宾语从句从句要用要用陈述述语序。序。直接直接引引语间接引接引语例句例句备注注特殊特殊疑疑问句句变为原来的特原来的特殊疑殊疑问词引引导的的宾语从句，从句，said (to sb.)变为asked (sb.) what/when/where等句型。等句型。He said，“What do you want？
3、”He asked me what I wanted.宾语从从句要用句要用陈述述语序。序。直接直接引引语间接引接引语例句例句备注注祈使祈使句句变为不定式不定式短短语，使其，使其成成为“ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.”句型。句型。He said to me，“Come as early as possible，please.”He asked me to go as early as possible.根据根据语气气的客气程的客气程度，度，said to sb.变为asked/told/orderedsb. to do sth. 句型。句型。2.直接引语变为间接引语时
4、，如果主语为第直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主语为第一人称，要作出相应的调整。一人称，要作出相应的调整。He said，“I like it very much.”他说：他说：“我我非常喜欢它。非常喜欢它。”He said (that) he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。他说他非常喜欢它。He said to me，“I have left my book in your room.”他对我说：他对我说：“我把我的书落在你屋里了。我把我的书落在你屋里了。”He told me (that) he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把他
5、的书落在我屋里了。他告诉我他把他的书落在我屋里了。3.直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的时态直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的时态要作出相应的变化。要作出相应的变化。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注一般一般现在在时一般一般过去去时He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work before dark.”He said (that) he was afraid he couldnt finish the work before dark.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是向是向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之
6、去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限制，不需要的限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to En
7、gland in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直，直接引接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注一般一般过去去时过去去完完成成时He said，“I came to help you.”He said (that) he had come to help me.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是向是向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限制，不需
8、要的限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直，直接引接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句
9、备注注一般一般将将来来时过去将去将来来时She said，“Ill do it after class.”She said (that) she would do it after class.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是向是向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化化.3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限制，不需要的限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The
10、teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直，直接引接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注现在在进行行时过去去进行行时He said，“Im using the knife.”He said that he was u
11、sing the knife.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是是向向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限的限制，不需要制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连
12、用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直接引，直接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注现在在完完成成时过去完去完成成时She said，“Ive not heard from him since May.”She said (that) she had not heard from him since May.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是是向向过去
13、推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的的限制，不需要限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”
14、She said that she went to England in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直接，直接引引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注过去去完完成成时不不变He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said (that) he had finished his homework before supper.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是是向向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英
15、语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限的限制，不需要制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 200
16、0.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直接引，直接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注将来将来进行行时过去将去将来来进行行时Susan said，“I will be waiting for you at my home.”Susan said that she would be waiting for me at her home.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是向是向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化化.3当直接引
17、当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的的限制，不需要限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具体，并与具体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 2000.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直接，直接引引语变为间接
18、引接引语时，时态不不变。直接直接引引语间接接引引语例句例句备注注将来完将来完成成时过去将去将来完成来完成时The teacher said，“We will have finished the whole textbook by the end of this term.”The teacher said that they would have finished the whole textbook by the end of that term.1.直接引直接引语转换为间接引接引语时，总的原的原则是向是向过去推一个去推一个时态。2.过去完成去完成时表示表示“过去之去之过去去”，是英，是英语
19、时态中最中最过去的去的时态，因此不需要，因此不需要变化。化。3当直接引当直接引语是客是客观真理真理时，不受，不受时间的限制，不需要的限制，不需要变化。化。The teacher said，“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.4当直接引当直接引语为一般一般过去去时，并与具，并与具体体时间连用用时，时态不不变。She said，“I went to England in 2000.”She said that she went to England in 2000
20、.5当主句当主句谓语动词为一般一般现在在时时，直接引直接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变。4.直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的指示直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也要作出代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也要作出相应的变化。相应的变化。直接引直接引语间接引接引语备注注指示指示代代词thisthatthesethose直接引直接引语间接引接引语备注注时间状状语nowthen如果在当如果在当时转述述别人的人的话，now/today/yesterday/tomorrow等等时间状状语不不必改必改变。todaythat daytonightthat nightthis
21、week(month，etc.)that week(month，etc.)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month，etc.)the week (month，etc.)before直接引直接引语间接引接引语备注注时间状状语three days(a year，etc.)agothree days (a year，etc.)before如果在当如果在当时转述述别人的人的话，now/today/yesterday/tomorrow等等时间状状语不必改不必改变。tomorrowthe next(following) daynext week (month，etc.)
22、the next(following) week (month.etc.)直接引直接引语间接引接引语备注注地点地点状状语herethere如果在当地如果在当地转述，述，here不必不必改改为there；come/bring也也不必改不必改为go/take。动词comegobringtake.把下列句子把下列句子变为间接引接引语1.They said，“These are our books.”_2.Henry said，“I dont want to stay here.”_专项训练专项训练专项训练专项训练They said that those were their books.Henry
23、said that he didnt want to stay there.3.He said to me，“I have seen the film.”_4.He said,“Are you interested in physics？”_5.He asked，“Did you see him yesterday？”_He told me that he had seen the film.He asked me if/whether I was interested in physics.He asked me if/whether I had seen him the day befor
24、e.6.“Has Tom passed the exam？”he asked._7.He asked the boy，“Who broke the glass？”_He asked me if/whether Tom had passed the exam.He asked the boy who had broken the glass.8.He asked me，“Where do you think I can find the MP5？”_9.He asked,“When will you come back？”_He asked me where I thought he could
25、 find the MP5.He asked me when I would go back.10.He asked me，“Whats wrong with your computer？”_11.He often says，“I shall tell you about them.”_He asked me what was wrong with my computer.He often says that he will tell me about them.12.Aunt Li said to my mother，“Where do you spend your holidays？”_A
26、unt Li asked my mother where we spent our holidays.将下列直接引将下列直接引语转换成成间接引接引语1.“I am having supper，”he said.He said that _ having supper.解解析析：在在直直接接引引语变为间接接引引语时，代代词I要要变为he；主主句句为过去去时态，宾语从从句句通通常常要要将将时态往往后后推推一一个个，即即现在在进行行时am having 变为过去去进行行时was having。he was2.“Ive been to Beijing，”Gina said to me.Gina _ m
27、e that she _ to Beijing.解解析析：直直接接引引语中中的的said to sb.在在变为间接接引引语时应改改为told sb.；现在在完完成成时have been 改改为过去完成去完成时had been。toldhad been3.“I went home with my sister，”she said.She said that _home with her sister.解解析析：直直接接引引语变为间接接引引语时，人人称称代代词I应变为she；一一般般过去去时went改改为过去去完完成成时had gone。she had gone4.The teacher said
28、，“The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _bigger than the moon.解解析析：直直接接引引语变为间接接引引语时，若若直直接接引引语为客客观真理真理,则变为间接引接引语时时态不不变.is5.“I met her yesterday，”he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _解解析析：直直接接引引语是是一一般般过去去时met，变为间接接引引语时应改改为过去去完完成成时had met；时间状状语yesterday应改改为the da
29、y before。hadbefore6.“You must come here before five，”he said.He said that I _ to go _before five.解解析析：直直接接引引语中中must和和here，变为间接接引引语时应改改为ought to和和there。oughtthere7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,”she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _解解析析：直直接接引引语是是一一般般过去去时，变为间接接引引语时应改改为过去去
30、完完成成时，因因此此填填had；时间状状语two weeks ago应改改为two weeks before.hadbefore8.“Did you read the book last week？”he said.He _ I had read the book the week _解解析析：直直接接引引语是是一一般般疑疑问句句，变为间接接引引语时应改改为if或或whether引引导的的宾语从从句句；时间状状语last week应改改为the week before。asked if/whetherbefore9.He said，“You can sit here，Jim.”He _ Jim
31、 that he _ sit there.解解析析：直直接接引引语中中的的said变为间接接引引语时应改改为told；一一般般现在在时can sit改改为一一般般过去去时could sit。 toldcould10.He asked，“How did you find it，mother？”He asked her mother _found it.解解析析：直直接接引引语变为间接接引引语时，一一般般过去去时要要改改为过去去完完成成时，由由特特殊殊疑疑问词引引导的的宾语从句要用从句要用陈述述语序。序。how she had.同同义句句转换1.She said，“Are you from the
32、 south？”She asked _I_from the south.2.Susan said to me，“We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”Susan told me that _ the Red Star Farm _whether/ifwasthey had visitedthe week before 3.Paul said to us，“Light travels faster than sound.”Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound.4.“Ive found my wallet，”he
33、 said to me.He _ me that he _ wallet.toldtravelstoldhad found his5.“How soon will your mother come back？” he asked me.He asked me _ mother _ come back.how soon mywould写作指导妙笔生花写作指导妙笔生花如何用英如何用英语写求写求职信信基础写作基础写作阅读下面一则广告阅读下面一则广告,按照要求完成写作任务按照要求完成写作任务.EIL International English Summer CampVolunteer WantedEI
34、L was founded in Britain in 1936 with the fundamental aim of international understanding“Learn to live together by living together”Requirements：Over 16；good knowledge of English；outgoing；working well with children between 712Activities：Language study，outdoorrecreation and travelCampers：Students from
35、 different countriesCamp site：Mount Wuyi，FujianTime：July 26August 9Application deadline：July 15，2012If interested，【写作内容写作内容】假设你是李华，这则广告引起了你的兴趣，假设你是李华，这则广告引起了你的兴趣，请用英文写一封自荐信。要点如下：请用英文写一封自荐信。要点如下：1对夏令营主题的理解；对夏令营主题的理解；2根据招聘要求自我介绍；根据招聘要求自我介绍；3参加夏令营的目的。参加夏令营的目的。【写作要求写作要求】1只能用只能用5个句子表达全部内容；个句子表达全部内容；2开头和结
36、尾已给出不计入总句数。开头和结尾已给出不计入总句数。【评分标准评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。Dear Sir，Im Li Hua from Fujian._I am looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua审题谋审题谋篇篇1本文要求写一篇自荐信，属于申请信的本文要求写一篇自荐信，属于申请信的范畴。范畴。2使用一般现在时态。使用一般现在时态。3本文可以首先点明信息的来源本文可以首先点明信息的来源广告广告;然后具体阐述申请的原因然后具体阐述申请的原因对于学会一起对于学
37、会一起生活有教育意义，是独生子女学会分享合作生活有教育意义，是独生子女学会分享合作的好机会的好机会;接着对自身进行简单明了的介绍接着对自身进行简单明了的介绍;最后期盼回复。最后期盼回复。写作要点写作要点1.我读广告的时候，活动的目的吸引了我。我读广告的时候，活动的目的吸引了我。When I was reading the advertisement，the aim of this activity_When I was reading the advertisement，the aim of this activity_impressed me greatlyattracted me grea
38、tly2.对像像我我这样的的独独生生子子女女来来说这是是一一个个学学习分享和一起工作的好机会。分享和一起工作的好机会。It is a good opportunity for the only child like me _.It is a good opportunity for the only child like me _to share together by working togetherto learn to share and work together3.所以我毫不犹豫地自我推荐。所以我毫不犹豫地自我推荐。So that I _without hesitation.So t
39、hat I _ without hesitation.recommend myself to yougroom myself to you4.我我可可以以提提高高英英语，交交更更多多的的朋朋友友，丰丰富富我我的暑假生活。的暑假生活。I can improve my English， make more friends，and _I can improve my English， make more friends，and _ enrich my life during the summer vacation make my life of the summer vacation rich佳作欣
40、赏佳作欣赏Dear Sir，Im Li Hua from Fujian.When I was reading the advertisement，the aim of this activity impressed me greatly.I think it instructive to learn to share together by working together.It is a good opportunity for the only child like me to learn to share and worktogether so that I recommend myse
41、lf to you without hesitation.As a boy of 17，I am outgoing，good at English and have experience of working well with children aged from 7 to 12.I think it is a kind of winwin activity because I can not only help take care of the children，but also improve my English，make morefriends，and enrich my life
42、during the summer vacation.I am looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours，Li Hua名名师师点津点津【美文点津美文点津】用用it作形式宾语，使句式更加丰富。作形式宾语，使句式更加丰富。用一系列的并列成分进行自我介绍，结构用一系列的并列成分进行自我介绍，结构紧凑。紧凑。使用使用because引导的原因状语和引导的原因状语和not only.but also引导的并列成分使得文章结构引导的并列成分使得文章结构更加清晰条理。更加清晰条理。【类文点津类文点津】(一一)基本结构和内容基本结构和内容1.介绍信息
43、来源并表明求职岗位。开篇先介介绍信息来源并表明求职岗位。开篇先介绍消息来源，然后向收信人表明自己的求职绍消息来源，然后向收信人表明自己的求职岗位，即写信的目的。例如，从报纸上、广岗位，即写信的目的。例如，从报纸上、广播上或网站上了解到对方招聘什么职务的人播上或网站上了解到对方招聘什么职务的人员，认为自己适合这项工作，愿意应聘等。员，认为自己适合这项工作，愿意应聘等。2.介绍个人简历并列出求职优势。个人简历介绍个人简历并列出求职优势。个人简历主要包括自己的年龄、学历、工作能力等。主要包括自己的年龄、学历、工作能力等。行文中要表现出自信和诚恳，语言要简明扼行文中要表现出自信和诚恳，语言要简明扼要要
44、,突出介绍自己的优点突出介绍自己的优点.还要紧扣用人单位还要紧扣用人单位的要求，巧妙地说服对方的要求，巧妙地说服对方:此职位非你莫属此职位非你莫属.3.请求答复并表达感激之情。无论你的请求请求答复并表达感激之情。无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，都应向对方表达是否能够得到满意的答复，都应向对方表达感激之情。感激之情。(二二)注意注意1.信件要引起读者的兴趣，要反映出你的目信件要引起读者的兴趣，要反映出你的目的，要符合特定的环境要求。的，要符合特定的环境要求。2.求职信切忌空洞，求职信的内容要全面具求职信切忌空洞，求职信的内容要全面具体，同时又必须是相互关联的一个整体。体，同时又必须是相互关联
45、的一个整体。3.语言表达要简洁明了，避免使用太多的专语言表达要简洁明了，避免使用太多的专业术语和过分复杂的句子。业术语和过分复杂的句子。4.语言客观实际，应避免自己的主观判断性语言客观实际，应避免自己的主观判断性的语言和评论性的话语的语言和评论性的话语,不要过分渲染自我不要过分渲染自我,尤其不要说出与事实不符的能力或特性。尤其不要说出与事实不符的能力或特性。5.求职的信件要具个人特色、亲切且能体现求职的信件要具个人特色、亲切且能体现出专业水平。切不可过于随意，也不能拘泥出专业水平。切不可过于随意，也不能拘泥于格式，句子结构和长度应富于变化，使阅于格式，句子结构和长度应富于变化，使阅信人总保持兴
46、趣。内容、语气、用词的选择信人总保持兴趣。内容、语气、用词的选择和对希望的表达要积极，和对希望的表达要积极，应该充分显示出你是一个乐观、有责任心、应该充分显示出你是一个乐观、有责任心、有创造力和通情达理的人。有创造力和通情达理的人。6.信件的结尾处签名必须是自己的手写签名信件的结尾处签名必须是自己的手写签名.(三三)常用句型常用句型1.I have heard from your advertisement in the.that your company is in need of.2.I would like to apply for the position because.3.I am
47、 writing to you with reference to.4.I am interested in applying for the job of.5.I enclose a copy of my CV.6.I would like to work for you because I am very interested in.7.I would also like to learn about.8.I feel that.is extremely important.9.I think I am a(n) .person.For example，I have.10.I also feel that I can./Finally，I am familiar with.11.I think I would be a good.due to my.experience.12.I am a good.as I have completed a course in.13.I am fluent in spoken and written.14.In addition，I hold a certificate in.15.Thank you for your concern and attention.
