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1、猜测词义猜测词义高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之2024/7/232024/7/23广东高考猜测词义题考纲要求广东高考猜测词义题考纲要求根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义考试题型：考试题型：1.对考纲外生词的猜测（对考纲外生词的猜测（15年年remedy）2.对考纲内熟词生义的猜测（对考纲内熟词生义的猜测（16年年swimmingly）3.对句义的猜测（对句义的猜测（17年年They are spoken at me, not to me）2024/7/232024/7/23词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：2024/7/232024/
2、7/231.Theword“.”refersto/probablymeans2.Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Bysaying“”,wemean5.“”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“”isclosetinmeaningto.?8.Theunderlinedword“.”
3、roughlymeans?2024/7/232024/7/23If you come across the new words when reading, What will you do ?2024/7/232024/7/23How to guess the meaning of words?2024/7/232024/7/231.Definition定义法定义法3.Similarity相似法相似法2.Contrast对比法对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法因果法5.Example例举法例举法8.CommonSense普通常识普通常识6.WordFormation构词法构词法猜猜测
4、测词词义义7.Context上下文上下文2024/7/232024/7/23Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。位语（从句）来确定词义。A.fragileB.softC.weakD.strongTheherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)2024/7/232024/7/231.1.定义法定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从
5、句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示Guess the Meaning of the Word小小结结2024/7/232024/7/232.Contrast对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。猜测词义。表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、while、or、however、otherwise、nevertheless等。等。2024/7/232024/7/23M
6、ostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.punctualB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(disagreed)2024/7/232024/7/23Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills
7、 than rats who have no babies.A. baby rats B. animals C. old rats D. grown-up rats2024/7/232024/7/23My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident.A. she was absent-mindedB. she was nervous C. she was excited D. she w
8、as curious2024/7/232024/7/23表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。等。小结小结2024/7/232024/7/233.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词或词组猜测词义。1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernment
9、maynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)2024/7/232024/7/23根据同义词，根据同义词，2.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组常连接同义词组 。小结小结取代取代2024/7/232024/7/23“TheDaveyousawonT
10、VwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy2024/7/232024/7/23In lab tests, carbon dioxide was better than heat and several other lure
11、s in drawing the bedbug out of hiding.The underlined word “lures” means something to A. used to attract bugsB. used to kill bugsC. that can tease bugsD. that can feed bugs 2024/7/232024/7/234.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Thatmuse
12、umissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)2024/7/232024/7/23Eg. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.Not hear what you saidconcentrate/focus her attention onSince I have finished my paper now, I am going
13、to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”.The underlined words “a treat” here means _.A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoyC. a rest D. something nice to eat2024/7/232024/7/231.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausesh
14、ewasusingthewrongkey.徒劳的徒劳的Guessthemeaningoftheword根据因果关系根据因果关系小结小结 常用关联词常用关联词(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such so, so that, such thatthattherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。2024/7/232024/7/235.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas
15、等等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)2024/7/232024/7/236.WordFormation构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词在词根
16、前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。2024/7/232024/7/232024/7/232024/7/23supermanchildish(超人超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的非自然的)homelessantiageing(无家可归的无家可归的)shewolfsleep-walk(母狼母狼)Can you guess the right meanings?(孩子
17、气的孩子气的)(抗衰老的抗衰老的)(发错音发错音)(梦游梦游)2024/7/232024/7/231.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的2.2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后
18、缀）、转化等2024/7/232024/7/23 ManyartistsfindinspirationintraditionalIndiandesignsA.confidenceB. creative ideasC. powerD. good advice2024/7/232024/7/23触新的教材相信不管是对于同学自己而言还是对于家长朋友们而言，可能都还需要一定的时间去适应，但学习是一刻也不能松懈的事情，新学期除了适应教材的变化以外，一些试题的变化也必须适应，因此就必须在课下进行一些练习。但是问题就来了，很多家长朋友都表示孩子现在换了教材，但是自己找到的课外练习题却还是原来的教材版本的，不
19、适应孩子的教材，不知道该怎么办才好了，眼看孩子马上就要结束第一单元的学习了，可是一直没找大适合的资料，没办法进行课后的巩固练习了。触新的教材相信不管是对于同学自己而言还是对于家长朋友们而言，可能都还需要一定的时间去适应，但学习是一刻也不能松懈的事情，新学期除了适应教材的变化以外，一些试题的变化也必须适应，因此就必须在课下进行一些练习。但是问题就来了，很多家长朋友都表示孩子现在换了教材，但是自己找到的课外练习题却还是原来的教材版本的，不适应孩子的教材，不知道该怎么办才好了，眼看孩子马上就要结束第一单元的学习了，可是一直没找大适合的资料，没办法进行课后的巩固练习了。zglAccording to
20、Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illness ,or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.43.“a fruitless research” means_A. an effort without resultsB. a search for diet without fruitsC. a research on fruitless dietD. a diet serving as medicine 2024/7/232024/7/23Spendingaslittleas$U
21、S5adayonsomeoneelsecouldsignificantlyboosthappiness,theteamattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafound.A.helptofindB.helptobringC.helptoincreaseD.helptogetC7. 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。义。 下文：下文：Theirexperimentonmorethan630Americansshowedthattheyweremeasurablyhappierwhentheyspendmone
22、yonothers.2024/7/232024/7/23根据上下文线索根据上下文线索The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again The underlined wor
23、d stock refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals2024/7/232024/7/233. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?” I guess if you wanted to use one word, itd be plasticity.” Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolv
24、es, hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles, and live on all sorts of food, from lizards（蜥蜴）（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.63. The underlined word “plasticity” in Para. 2 refers to_. A. the ability to fit the environment B. notorious smartnessC. hu
25、nting ability D. being human-tolerant2024/7/232024/7/23TomsawanowlinatreelastnightAabirdBananimalC.astar2）TomsawanowllastnightAabirdBananimalC.astarTomsawanowlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnearAabirdBananimalC.astarAABCAB( (n.n. 猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰) )2024/7/232024/7/233 3）ThechildrenarelookingatanT
26、hechildrenarelookingatanapeape. .AAakindofmonkeyBakindofmonkeyBakindoftreeakindoftreeCCakindofbirdakindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezooAakindofmonkeyBakindoftreeCakindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy apeapeatthezooatthezooAAakindofmonkeyBakindofm
27、onkeyBakindoftreeakindoftreeCCakindofbirdakindofbirdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n.猿猿)2024/7/232024/7/238. 8. Commonsense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会些英美国家的天文地理
28、、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。能力自然就会增强。 Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n. 麻醉剂麻醉剂( (药药) )2024/7/232024/7/23嫁妆嫁妆Guessthemea
29、ning根据生活常识根据生活常识 In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 2024/7/232024/7/23 Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)高考试题词义猜测高考试题词义猜测2024/7/232024/7/2320092009山东山东C C篇篇Tobacco taxes improve public
30、 health, they raise money and most particularly ,they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when they nearly all smokers are addicted .A. discourage B. removeC. benefit D. free2024/7/232024/7/2320092009北京北京So far scientists have focus mainly on public buildings .“ We have a very l
31、imited number of studies , so were almost looking at the problems through a straw (吸管）吸管）.A. the problem is not approached step by stepB. the research so far have faults in themselvesC. the problem is too difficult to solveD. the research in this area is not enough .2024/7/232024/7/232009 2009 天津天津A
32、s in many areas , old habits die hard and the places continues to be called by its unofficial name long before the meaning is lost.What does the underlined word die hard probably mean?A. change suddenly B. change significantlyC. disappear mysteriously D. disappear very slowly2024/7/232024/7/23200920
33、09湖北湖北One day in 1918, my uncle received his draft notice, my grandparents were very upset. But my mother ,at the age of 10 ,felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war .The underlined phrase “ draft notice” means_A. order for army serviceB. train ticket for EuropeC. letter o
34、f rejection D. note of warning 2024/7/232024/7/2320092009重庆重庆When things are getting hard , a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve anything .Then there are other distractions ,such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.A. Ways to help me to focusB. Words that help one feel les
35、s tenseC. Activities that turn ones attention away D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.2024/7/232024/7/2320092009广东广东We studied the board critically .Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard ,rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured u
36、p our designs .Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought .A. formed an idea forB. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some color for2024/7/232024/7/23 Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)近几年高考词义猜测近几年高考词义猜测2024/7/232024/7/23Can
37、youguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?-1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山雪山B.树枝树枝C.冰河冰河D.冰冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.stubbornC.kindD.cleverCB2024/7/232024/7/233.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhus
38、bandisAmanoffewwordsA.活泼的活泼的B.好动的好动的C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的D.可爱的可爱的4.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeintheoutskirtswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.houseCC2024/7/232024/7/235.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDadscarisbiggerthanyourDads,”“MyMomissmarterthanyo
39、urs.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_.A.骄傲骄傲B.吹牛吹牛C.顽皮顽皮D.幼稚幼稚B2024/7/232024/7/236.AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderline
40、dword“leg”probablymeans_.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour2024/7/232024/7/23Amanspositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,his
41、lineage(宗系宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameD2024/7/232024/7/23Passage3Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler shouldleavethecountryforever.T
42、heunderlinedword“banished”mean_.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping B2024/7/232024/7/23Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedme
43、forlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.unusualB2024/7/232024/7/23Passage5Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealm
44、oneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Theword“jeopardize”means_inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopB2024/7/232024/7/23Passage6Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmana
45、ger,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.Theunderlinedword“astounded”means_.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedD2024/7/232024/7/23同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语
46、境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。如果离开特上下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。2024/7/232024/7/231.Definition定义法定义法3.Similarity相似法相似法2.Contrast对比法对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法因果法5.Example例举法例举法8.CommonSense普通常识普通常识6.WordFormation构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context上下文上下文Summary2024/7/232024/7/23goodbye2024/7/232024/7/23
