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1、牛津高中英语牛津高中英语( (模块六模块六 高二上学期高二上学期) )Advance with EnglishGrammar & UsageUnit2Unit 2Descriptions1. Help to review infinitive, verb-ed and verb-ing used as adverbials.2. Put the three non-finite verbs into practice in a certain situation.表语表语主语主语宾语宾语不定式宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语to do as an adv.不定式作状语，表示目的、不定式作状
2、语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。结果、原因、条件等。(2005年辽宁卷年辽宁卷22题题)All these gifts must be mailedimmediately _ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivingTip 1: so as to (不能放句首不能放句首), to, in order to作目作目的状语可以放在句首或句中。的状语可以放在句首或句中。 He hurried t
3、o the station only _ that the train had gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have foundTip 2: 在在so as to, such as to, only to 结构中不结构中不定式作结果状语，其中定式作结果状语，其中only to 用于表示意想不到的用于表示意想不到的结果。结果。Tip 3 : enough to, too to结构结构The boy isnt old enough to go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.I
4、m glad to meet you.Tip 4:形形 容容 词词 （ glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等等）+ 不定式结构作原因状语。不定式结构作原因状语。表语表语现在分词宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语作状语作状语现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结
5、构。Time permitting,I will stay for another week.=If time permits,I will stay for another week.1. 作伴随状语作伴随状语 动词动词stand,sit和和lie加现在分词作伴随状语，加现在分词作伴随状语，表示两个动作同时发生。表示两个动作同时发生。We sat there talking to each other.The poor man sat by the road, begging.2. 作方式状语，表示方式。作方式状语，表示方式。Americans like travelling, drivin
6、g their cars.They often communicate with each other, using English.3. 作时间状语，相当于状语从句。作时间状语，相当于状语从句。现在分词可表示动作同时发生或进行，而现在分词可表示动作同时发生或进行，而现在分词的完成时可表示动作的先后顺序，现在分词的完成时可表示动作的先后顺序，表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。前。Seeing the big snake, the girl was almost frightened to death.=When she saw the big snak
7、e, the girl was almost frightened to death.Having waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home.=After he waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home.有时表示时间的分词短语可由连接词when, while, once, until, whenever等引出。While
8、reading the novel, he nodded from time to time.4. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Being a student, I must work hard.=Because I am a student, I must work hard.Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.5. 作结果状
9、语作结果状语Both his parents died in the war, leaving him alone in the world.The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.6. 作条件状语作条件状语Working hard,you will succeed one day.=If you work hard,you will succeed one day.Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.表语表语过
10、去分词宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语过去分词作状语过去分词作状语1. 时间状语时间状语Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.When completed, the museum will be open to the public.When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.Once seen, it can never be fo
11、rgotten.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.2. 原因状语原因状语Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.Lost in though
12、t, he almost ran into the car in front of him.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.3.条件状语条件状语Given more time, we could do it much better.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Un
13、less you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.(=If she was compared with other professors.)Practice 1. A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night. A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be le
14、ft2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4. _ these children _ what you want is a science I c
15、an tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offeri
16、ng D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come, to leave B. coming, leaving C. to come, left D. coming, left9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married10. With everything she needed_, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought
