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1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing whois singing （定语从句，修饰或限定名词（定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）
2、词修饰和限制。常有。常有形容词形容词充当，充当，（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。）语也可以担当定语。）且且单个词单个词作定语一般前置，作定语一般前置，短语和从句短语和从句作定语常后置，翻译成作定语常后置，翻译成“的的the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy who is tall The boy who is strong The boy who is clever applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red
3、 The apple which is green The apple which is small The apple which is big 定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句定语从句 的分类的分类 ： A 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 B非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定语从句定语从句=先行词先行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 1.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词” 2.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。 关系词：A关系代词 whowho, whomwhom, whosewhose, thatthat, whichwhich B关系副词 wh
4、enwhen, wherewhere, whywhy =（介词+关系代词 ）lThe boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 the boy 关系代词 wholHospital is a place where a doctor works. 先行词 a place 关系副词 where 先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine=that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. the boy=who 关系代词实际是先行
5、词的复指关系代词实际是先行词的复指 3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boys =whose 关系代词关系代词whose 实际上是实际上是先行词的所有格先行词的所有格 4. The school where I study is far from my home. in the school =where 关系副词实际上是介词加关系副词实际上是介词加先行词先行词 关系词判关系词判 断断 步步 骤骤 :l 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是如果先行词是指人指人,关系代词
6、关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词。如果先行词指物指物,关关系代词可用系代词可用which,that或或whosev 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表。请看下表先行先行词词 作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 作定语作定语 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,that which,thatwhose关系代词关系代词 的用法的用法l Who指人指人，在定语从句中作主语。，在定语从句中作主语。 The boy who is standing there is my cousin.l whom指
7、人指人，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。 The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith Whose(=of whom+the+n the+n whom; of which+n, the+n+of which)指人或指物指人或指物，作定语。，作定语。 Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/ of whom the father) is an engineer. He lives in a house whose windows (the window of
8、which/ of which the window) faces south.关系代词关系代词 的用法的用法 that 指人或指物指人或指物，作主语、宾语（可省），作主语、宾语（可省） I dont know about the man (that) you mentioned. A plane is a machine that can fly.which 指物指物，作主语、宾语（可省），作主语、宾语（可省） The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing. Children like to read books which have wonderf
9、ul pictures1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.whom4. My parents live in a house_ is more tha
10、n 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that关系副词的用法关系副词的用法when (=in/on/at+ which)修饰表示修饰表示时间时间的名词，的名词，在定从句中作在定从句中作状语状语。 Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I joined the Party. where (=in/on/at+ which)修饰
11、表示修饰表示地点地点的名词，的名词，在定从句中作在定从句中作状语状语。 The factory where (in which) my father works is in the east of the city.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 why (=for+ which )修饰表示修饰表示原因原因(reason)的名的名词，在定从句中作状语。词，在定从句中作状语。 None of us know the reason why ( for which) Tom was absent from the meeting.l先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that，而不用which。
12、当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词 all, little, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. 当先行词前面用当先行词前面用only, any, few, little, no, all, very等修饰时。等修饰时。 This is the very book that Im looking for. The o
13、nly thing that you can do is to give you some money.先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用只用that，而不用，而不用which。当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高级时。级时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen? 当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。当先行词是序数词时或前面
14、有一个序数词时。 The train is the last that will go to the Suzhou. What is the first American film that you have seen?只用只用that，而不用，而不用which 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 又两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。 They built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. 先行词在句子中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
