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1、Chapter 11 The Skin Skin：Epidermis、Dermis一、 Histological structure of skin （一）Keratinizing and layers of Epidermis ：A stratified squamous epithelium which consists of keratinocytes and other types of cells ( Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell) 。第一页，共三十一页。第二页，共三十一页。Five layers of epidermis and k
2、eratinization：1、Stratum Basale2、Stratum Spinosum3、Stratum Granulosum4、Stratum Lucidum5、Stratum Corneum 第三页，共三十一页。1、The Stratum Basale ： a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells. 2、The Stratum Spinosum ：410 layers of cells which become irregularly polygonal with moderate flattening parallel
3、to the surface. nucleus is distinguishable only in a few cells ( keratohyalin 、tonofilament)第四页，共三十一页。3、The Stratum Granulosum : It consists of 23 layers of flattened rhomboid cells whose cytoplasm contains numerous keratohyalin granules. 4、The Stratum Lucidum ：23 layers of flattened and densely pac
4、ked cells . The nuclei and the outline of the structures are disappear. 第五页，共三十一页。5、The Stratum Corneum：layers of flattened、cornified cells without nuclei (horny cells) and filled with keratin.（二）Unkeratinocyte( Melanocyte、Merkels cell、Langerhans cell) 第六页，共三十一页。第七页，共三十一页。二、 Dermis ：consists of conn
5、ective tissue（掌握(zhngw)）1、The Papillary Layer： loose connective tissue. Dermal papillae、tactile corpuscle2、The Reticular Layer： more dense and contains coarse collagenous fibers . There are some little structures such as hair follicle、sebaceous glands and sweat glands in this layer.第八页，共三十一页。第九页，共三十
6、一页。三、Accessory glands of skin .（熟悉(shx)） 1、Hair：hair shaft、hair root、hair follicle、hair bulb、hair papilla (毛乳头)、arrector pilimuscle . 2、Sebaceous gland 3、Sweat gland：scrine sweat gland 小apocrine sweat gland 大毛囊(monng)第十页，共三十一页。Chapter 14 Digestive system一、Generation struction （一）Mucosa：1、Epithelium2
7、、Lamina propria3、Muscularis mucosae第十一页，共三十一页。（二）Submucosa（三）Muscularis（四）Adventitia第十二页，共三十一页。三、Esophagus1. Mucosa (15.9) 1). strat. squam. nonkerat. epith. 2). lamina propria. 3). mascularies2. Submucosa 1. esophageal glands mucus secreting第十三页，共三十一页。C. Muscularis 1. proximal third: skeletal 2. mi
8、ddle third: mixed 3. distal third: smoothD. Adventitia / Serosa第十四页，共三十一页。 IV. StomachA. Gross Anatomy 1. cardiac region 2. fundus 3. body 4. pyloric region 5. rugae a. mucosa & submucosa第十五页，共三十一页。（一）. Mucosa 1. surface epithelium a. simple columnar第十六页，共三十一页。2. lamina propria a. gastric pitsb. gas
9、tric glands (branched tubular) 1) chief cells 2) parietal cells 3) mucous neck cells 4) Stem cells: mitotic 5) Endocrine cell第十七页，共三十一页。 Parietal (oxyntic) cells a) pyramidal b) spherical nucleus c) eosinophilic d) mitochondria e) intracellular canaliculus f) microvilli g) secrete HCl , intrinsic fa
10、ctor第十八页，共三十一页。 parietal (oxyntic) cellsrestingactive第十九页，共三十一页。Zymogenic cells a) rER / basophilic b) synthesize pepsinogen第二十页，共三十一页。（二）Submucosa （三）Muscularis and Serosa 1. three layers of smooth muscle fibers第二十一页，共三十一页。V. Small IntestineGross Anatomy 1. regions a. duodenum b. jejunum c. ileum 2
11、. plicae circulares a. mucosa b. submucosa第二十二页，共三十一页。 3. villi (15.20,15.27) a. epithelium b. lamina propria第二十三页，共三十一页。（一）. Mucosa epithelium ：intestinal villussmall interstinal gland 1. simple columnar 1) absorptive cells brush border (mv) 2) goblet cells第二十四页，共三十一页。3) Paneths cells a) eosinophil
12、ic, apical secretory granules b) antibacterial 4) enteroendocrine cells5) stem cells第二十五页，共三十一页。图图14-28 14-28 小肠腺小肠腺 示潘氏细胞示潘氏细胞( (焰红与坚固绿染色）焰红与坚固绿染色）第二十六页，共三十一页。2. Lamina propria a. glands b. capillaries c. lacteals d. smooth muscle fibers e. loose CT f. lymphocytes g. WBCs第二十七页，共三十一页。 (二)Submucosa (
13、三）Muscularis and Serosa第二十八页，共三十一页。 VI. Large Intestine no folds no villi（一）Colon1、Mucosa2、 Submucosa 3、 Muscularis4.、Adventitia第二十九页，共三十一页。 （二） Appendix A. Similar to large intestine B. Numerous lymph nodules 第三十页，共三十一页。内容(nirng)总结Chapter 11 The Skin。2). lamina propria.。3. villi (15.20,15.27)。3) Paneths cells。图14-28 小肠腺 示潘氏细胞(xbo)(焰红与坚固绿染色）。(三）Muscularis and Serosa。（二） Appendix第三十一页，共三十一页。
