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1、PEP 小学英语重点句型语法总结人教版 PEP教材在小学阶段涉及的重要语法知识主要有7 种：to be 句型、 there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的型、 be going to 句型等，简要总结如下：一 to be 句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58 册的句型主要有：1. Who s your English teacher?Mr. Carter. 2. What s he like? He s tall and stron
2、g.3. Is she quiet? No, she isn t.She is very active. 4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but she s very kind.5. What day is it today? It s Wednesday.6. What s your favourite fruit/food?7. They re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? It s in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bill s bi
3、rthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. What s the date?12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? It s next to the hospital.14. How tall are you ？I m 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me. 16.You re 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are you? I m 48 kg.18. I
4、 m thinner than you, and shorter.19. What s the matter with you?My throat is sore. 20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be 句型：表示存在， 即：“ 某处有某物 ” 或“ 某时有某事 ” 。句型基本结构为： There is+ 可精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。 There are+可数名词复数+地点。 该句型主要分布在第5 册的Unit 5 和 U
5、nit 6 中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. 3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is. 4. Is there a river? No, there isn t.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there aren t.6. Are there any fish in the ri
6、vers? Yes, there are. 三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词 +其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s 或 es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always 等。 该句型主要分布在第5 册 Unit2&3 ， 第 6 册 Unit1&2, 第7 册 Unit4,5,6, 第 8 册 Unit2 中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thur
7、sdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. 3. I do my homework. 4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5. I like fruit. But I don t like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7
8、:00 in the evening. 2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking. 5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you lik
9、e summer/winter? Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too. 4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does. 5. Does she teach English
10、？ No, she doesn t.She teaches math. 6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She works in a car company. 8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus. 9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes
11、 from the vapour. 11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river. 12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. How do you do that? Book8: 1. My nose hurts. 2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad today. 四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时
12、正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen! 等后面。句型主要结构为：be 动词（ am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing) 。该句型主要分布在第6 册 Unit4, 5, 6 中。如：1. What are you doing? I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. He
13、is writing an e-mail in the study. 3. What is it doing ? It s eating bananas.4. What is she doing ? She s jumping.5. What are they doing ? They re swimming. They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we aren t.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are. 8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.
14、9. Is she counting insects? No, she isn t.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。 句型基本结构为：主语 +动词过去式 +其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词 did。该句型分布在第8 册 Unit3&4 中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you
15、help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didn t.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go t
16、here ？I went by train. 此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的： What would you like for lunch? I d like some 六 情态动词can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit4 和第 7 册 Unit1 中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Ca
17、n you make the bed? No, I can t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus. 七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will 和 be going to 句型，主要以 be going to 句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v. 原形。标志词有：tomorrow next weekend this mornin
18、g this weekend next be going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents. 2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema. 3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane. 4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am
19、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页英语名词单数变复数的规则1)单数名词加2)以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词加3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 加4)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，多数变f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives.但有些词只加5)以 o结尾的名词， 有些加 es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radio s, zoos, pianos, 6)不规则名词： foot feet, goosegeese, toothteeth,
20、 childchildren, manme n, woman women, sheep sheep, deerdeer, mouse mice. 7)某些外来词变复数：datumdata, medium media, bacteriumbacteria, curriculumcurricula, lysisanalyses, 8)复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：以 man 或 woman 为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如： manservantmenservants, 其它复合名词变复数：9)复合形容词做定语时，其中的名词保持单数：，英语中名词可分为可
21、数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数，表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。1.规则变化：1) 一般在名词词尾加s， map maps 地图， birdbirds 鸟，orange oranges 桔子，bike bikes 自行车；2) 以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es， box boxes 盒子， class classes 班级， watch watches 手表，dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具；3) 以 O 结尾的名词后面加s 或 es photo photos 相片radio radios 收音机zoo z
22、oos 动物园精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页tomato tomatoes西红柿potato potatoes土豆4) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i+es baby babies 婴儿family families 家庭；以元音字母加y 结尾的名词直接加s boy boys 男孩 toytoys 玩具；5) 以 fe 或 f 结尾的名词，把fe 或 f 变为 ves knife knives 小刀wife wives 妻子leafleaves 树叶。二：名词复数的不规则变化1）child-childr
23、en foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：与man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women 。如： an Englishman ，two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词， 故复数形式为Germans ； Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2）单复同形如：deer ，sheep ，fish，Chinese ，Japanese li，jin，yuan ，two li ， three mu ，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复
24、数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people ，a police ，a cattle ，但可以说a person ，a policeman ，a head of cattle,the English，the British ，the French ，the Chinese ，the Japanese ，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries a
25、nd brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses ( 眼镜 ) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair( 对，双 ); suit( 套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods 货物， waters 水域， fishes（各种）鱼精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页现在分词构成直接在动词的后面加上ing ，如 dodoing ，si
26、ng singing ，comfort comforting 以不发音的e 结尾的动词，把e 去掉，再加ing ，如 dancedancing ，hike hiking 注意 这里的e 必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如seeseeing 最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing ，如cut cutting ，swimswimming 以 ie 结尾的动词，要把ie 变成 y 再加 ing ，如 die dying ，lie lying过去分词(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）work-worked-work
27、ed ,visit-visited-visited (2) 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived , (3) 、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , (4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped dropped 基数词变序数词一、二、三，单独记；八加 h，九去 e， ve 要用 f 替，整十基数变序数，先把ty 变成 tie；要
28、是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序，th 最后加上去。解析口诀：onefirst，twosecond，three third这三个词变化特殊， 要单独记；eight eighth ，nine ninth，八去 t，九去 e 后再加 -th； five fifth， twelve twelfth，五、十二把 ve 换成 f 再加 -th；twenty twentieth， thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y 改为 ie 再加 -th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页
