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1、MembersandTypesofSentences句子的成分和种类句子的成分和种类一.Membersofsentencessubjectpredicateobjectpredicativeattributeadverbialcomplimentappositivemembers1.主语TheSubject:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。LucyisanAmericangirl.WestudyinQiuxiMiddleSchool.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.Twoandtwo
2、isfour.Whathesaidisafact.名词,代词,非谓语动名词,代词,非谓语动词(词(doing ,to do),数词,从句数词,从句归纳:哪些成归纳:哪些成份可以充当主份可以充当主语?语?2.谓语ThePredicate:说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。WeloveChina.Mikehopestobeadoctor.Hisparentsarefarmers.Sheissinging.3.表语ThePredicative:说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短
3、语等充当,和系动词一起构成谓语。Herauntisadriver.Areyouready?Wewereathomelastnight.Iamscaredofsnakes.Themovieisboring.4.宾语TheObject: 表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么.Heoftenhelps me.WestudyEnglishatschool.WeenjoylearningEnglish.Herefusedtohelpme.5.定语TheAttribute 用来修饰名词或代词,作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形
4、容词的词或短语。The black bikeismine.wehavefourlessonsinrhemorning.whatisyour name,please?6.状语TheAdverbial用来修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 .Peopleareallworkinghard .Itisverynice.wehadameetingthis afternoon7.补语补语The complement :补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语补足语。一般由名词,v-
5、ing,v-ed,todo,adj,adv,prep-phrases,etcHemademelaughIfoundtheboxempty.Whohadthemachinerunningallthetime.Iwasmadetolaugh.8.同位语appositive:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行补充说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师史密斯先生对.Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语)1
6、、指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Theusefuldictionarywasgiventobymymother.2、选出句中谓语的中心词)Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.3、挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.4、挑出下列句中的表语)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.Whyisheworri
7、edaboutJim?5、挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?6、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shefounditdifficulttodothework.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?7、挑出下列句中的状语TherewasabigsmileonherfaceIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.8、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherbought
8、anewbikeformelastweek._二、句子的类型(二、句子的类型(Types of Sentenses)(一)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:(一)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句 (二二) 按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。祈使句和感叹句。二、句子的类型(句子的类型(Types of Sentenses)类型构成例子简单句TheSimpleSentence由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。Igetupatsixinthemorning.MymotherandIoften
9、goshopping.并列句TheCompoundSentence由并列连词(and,so,but,or等)把两个句子或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。Theyboughtherapresent,andshelikeditverymuch.Thisisourfirstlesson,soIdonotknowallyournames.复合句TheComplexSentence由一个主句和一个从句或一个以上的从句构成的句子。ItishardtosaybecauseIlikemanyfilms.Ihopeheisbettertomorrow.复合句可以分为:定语从句名词性从句状语从句1.Ihop
10、ethatheisbettertomorrow.2.MymotherandIoftengoshopping.3.Theboywhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.4Whetherhewillcomehereisnotclear5.He is a teacher and he has taught us English for 15 years.(复合句)(复合句)(简单句)(复合句)并列句三、基本句型(三、基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):):1)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)Theyaredancing.他们在跳舞.2) 主主 +
11、动动 + 表(表(SVP)例如:)例如:John is busy.约翰忙约翰忙3)主主 + 动动 + 宾(宾(SVO)例如:)例如: She studies English. 她学英语她学英语4) 主主 + 动动 + 宾宾 + 补(补(SVOC)例如:)例如: Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。时间会证明我是对的。5) 主主 + 动动 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾(直宾(S+V+Oi+Od)例如:)例如: My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳1)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)所谓不及物动词
12、(vi),就是指动词之后不需要接宾语,就可以表达一个完整的意思。即使在这个句型中加入某些修饰语,使句子的表达更加清楚,句子基本结构也未改变。例如,Theyaredancinghappily.Herunsfast.2) 主主 + 动动 + 表表这个句型表示主语的状态及特征等,表语通常由名词,形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当.和连系动词一起构成谓语.表“状态”类系动词的结构为:be/stay/keep/remain(etc)+n/adj/prep/todo/doing/done/that.Tenyearspassedbutsheremainedyoung表“变化”类系动词的结构为:get/
13、become/grow/turn/go/(ect)+adj/nShehasgrowntallbutturnedthief.表“感官”类系动词的结构为:feel/look/smell/sound/taste+adj/like+nThemateriallookshardbutfeelssoft.注意:1.后接单数可数名词做表语,要将不定冠词省略.如:becomeateacher=turnteacher.2.系动词go表示变化,多指由好到坏的变化.如.gobadwrongmadhungry.注意:这类系动词没有被动语态,只能用主动表被动,而且做定语只能用现在分词形式.这在高考提中经常出现,(2004
14、年上海)Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.AtosmellBsmellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt表“看起来,结果证明”类系动词的结构为:a:sth/sb+seem/appear/prove/turnout+adj/n/tobeb:Itseems/proves/appears/turnsoutthatThenewsturnedouttobefalse.3)主主 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾(宾(SVO)所谓及物动词(vt),是指动词后需跟上宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思.宾
15、语一般有名词,代词或相当于名词的短语等来充当,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么.1.有些不及物动词加上介词,相当于及物动词.IcalledonmyunclelastSunday.2.有些动词,如beat,hit,kick,strike,catch,pull等动作若涉及某人身体的某个部位,习惯用“动词+某人+介词+the+人身体的某个部位”Catchsbbythearm,hitsbontheface.strikesbontheback3.英语中很多的动词,既是及物动词,又是不及物动词.Peoplecanspeak.ThispersoncanspeakEnglishverywell.4) 主主 +
16、动动 + 宾宾 + 补补常用于此结构中的动词有:make,find,consider,think,believe,prove,call,name,elect,choose,keep,leave等,lookon/up,treat,regard,consider等常可用“as+名词”做宾补:动词+宾语+名词/形容词/介词短语/副词Wemadehimmonitor.Heranoutofthehouse,leavingthedooropen.动词+宾语+不定式常用于此结构中的动词有:tell,wanr,ask,beg,allow,permit,forbid,persuade等;feel,hear,li
17、stento,make,let,have,see,notice,watch后必须接无to的不定式(但在被动语态中要加to)。另外consider,know,find,think,believe,suppose,prove等动词后,常用tobe/tohavedone做宾语补足语。Hewassupposedtobeathief.常用于此结构中的动词有:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,leave,have,keep,find等。Nobodyfoundhimcheatingintheexamination.动词+宾语+分词eg:Ithinkitp
18、ossibletolearnEnglishwell.动词make,find,consider,think,feel等接复合结构,如果宾语是较长的不定式或从句,习惯将宾语后置,前面用形式宾语it,构成句型“v+it+adj/n+todo/that-clause.”注意:1.此结构中的形容词(宾补)为:important,necessary,essential,desirable,urgent,advisable,etc.宾语动词的谓语动词要用虚拟式,即should+v,其中should可以省略.wethinkitimportantthatweshouldreviewlessonsaftercla
19、ss.2.此结构中的宾补为:nouse,nogood,useless,awasteoftime,etc.后续的不定式往往改成相应的v-ing,如:wethinkitnousesendinghimoverbecauseitistoolatealready.5) 主主 + 动动 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语往往一个是人,一个是物.指人的叫做间接宾语,指物的叫做直接宾语.一般是间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后,Mymothergavemeawatch.Mymothergaveawatchtome.加介词to的主要动词有:give,bring,lend,pass,show
20、,teach,tell,etc加介词for的主要动词有buy,cook,do,find,get,leave,make,play,etcCouldyoulendyourcartome?Hetoldafrightingstorytousyesterday.Heleftaletterforme.Iboughtasmallgiftforher.1.whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatched.A.bicyclesrepairB.bicyclestoberepairedC.bicyclesrepairedD.bicyclesbeingrepaired2.Entering
21、theroom,IfoundMaryatthedeskandaletter.A.sitting,writingB.sat,writtenC.sitting,writtenD.sat,writing3.-Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?-Yes,Ioftenhavethem.A.wash,towashB.towash,washedC.washed,washD.wash,washed4.Theexperimentmadehim_thestudyofscience.A.interestinB.tointerestinC.interestinginD.interest
22、edin5.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.A.smoke.B.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked6.weconsider_absolutelynecessarythathe_hispronunciation.A.it,improvedB.that,improveC.it,improveD.that,improved句子的种类句子的种类(二)按使用目的可分为(二)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。句和感叹句。1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):说明一个事实
23、或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)光比声速度快。(说明事实)Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)2)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sitdown,please.请坐。Dontbenervous!别紧张!祈使句有两种类型一种是以动词原形开头.Takethisseat.Dobecareful.否定结构:Dontmove.Dontbelate. 第二种祈使句以第二种祈使句以let开头。开头。Let 的反意疑问句的反意疑问句
24、a. Lets 包括说话者包括说话者 Lets have another try,shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包括说话者不包括说话者 Let us have another try,will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?否定结构:否定结构:Lets not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter. 注意:Let的宾语是第一人称时,否定式为宾语后加not;Le
25、t的宾语是第三人称时,否定式常为Let前加donot如:Letusnotwastetime.Donotletthemmakeanynoise为了加强语气或特别指明谁提出命令或要求,需加上主语“you”,有时还可同时加称呼语.如:Tom,youwatertheflowers. 特别注意祈使句特别注意祈使句+and/or+陈述句这一句型陈述句这一句型.此句型可换成带此句型可换成带有有if 的条件从句的条件从句.如如: Study hard and you will be successful.= Get up early or you will miss the first bus.=IfyouS
26、tudy hard,you will be successfulIfyoudonotget up early,you will miss the first bus1.-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_?-ButIfeedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didnotyouD.donotyou2.“Onlytwocentimetershigher,_breaktheworldrecord,”encouragedthecoach.A.willyouB.youwillC.andyouwillD.andwillyou3.-Sorry,Joe.Idono
27、tmeanto-Donotcallme“Joe”.IamMrDarkertoyou,and_youforgetit!A.doB.didnotC.didD.donot3)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!多好的消息啊!How comfortable the house is! 这间房屋多舒适这间房屋多舒适!2感叹句结构(1)How +形容词形容词+ a +名词名词+陈述语陈述语序序 How clever a boy he is!2感叹句结构(2)How+形容词或副词形容词或副词+陈
28、述语序陈述语序 How lovely the baby is!2感叹句结构(3) What +名词名词+陈述语序陈述语序 What noise they are making!2感叹句结构(4)What+a+形容词形容词+名词名词+ 陈述语序陈述语序 What a clever boy he is!2感叹句结构(5)What+ 形容词形容词+复数名词复数名词+ 陈述语序陈述语序 What wonderful ideas (we have)!2感叹句结构(6)What+ 形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+陈述语陈述语序序 What cold weather it is!2感叹句结构(7)感叹句
29、的省略形式为:感叹句的省略形式为: What a clever boy (he is)!注意:有时how可以直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语+其余部分Howweloveourmotherland!Iknowhowyoulovebirds! 典型例题典型例题1)_ food youve cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice答案答案D. 由于由于How 修饰形容词,副词;修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。修饰名词。且且food为不可数名词,因此为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。排除。C How + adj.
30、后面不能再加名词,因此只有后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数不可数)2)_terrible weather weve been having these days! A. What B. What aC. How D. How a答案答案A. weather为不可数名词,为不可数名词,B,D排除。排除。C为为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型符合句型What +形容词形容词+不可数名词。不可数名词。3) - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot.A. Wha
31、t a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time答案答案A.感叹句分两类:感叹句分两类:1:What + n.+主谓部分主谓部分 2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对,相对于于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用这是个习惯用语。语。4._progresstheyhavemadeinstudies!A.WhatgreatB.WhatagreatC.HowgreatD.Howagreat4)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences
32、):提出问题。有以下四种:a. 一般疑问句(一般疑问句(General Questions) b.特殊疑问句(特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions) c.选择疑问句(选择疑问句(Alternative Questions) d.反意疑问句(反意疑问句(Tag-Questions) a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?你能按时完成工作吗?注意:否定疑问句:表达一种特殊的感情或观点(要注意回答)如:-DidnotItell(或者didInottell)youtocomeea
33、rlier?-Yes,youdid/No,youdidnot如:-Youarenotateacher,areyou?-No,Iamnot.-Yes,Iam.b.特殊疑问句(specialQuestions) Where do you live? 你住那儿?你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?你怎么知道那件事?Howlong问一段延续的时间有多长,回答时用“for+段时间”或者since+点时间Howsoon问某事过多久将会发生,回答时用In+段时间Howoften问某一动作重复发生的频率,回答时用“Threetimesaday”等表示频率的短语Howman
34、gtimes问发生的次数,回答时用once,twice,threetimesc.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?你是要茶还是要咖啡?d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesnt know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?他不认识她,对不对? 反意疑问句由陈述部分,和简略由陈述部分,和简略疑问部分构成。疑问部分构成。其结构形式有两种:1.前否,后肯.2.前肯,后否.反意疑问句(1) 1)陈述部分的主语是陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要,疑问部分要用用 arent
35、I. Im as tall as your sister,arent I?反意疑问句(2)2)陈述部分的谓语是陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑,疑问部分要用问部分要用may +主语。主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?反意疑问句(3)3)陈述部分用陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。时,疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plan
36、ts never blown (开开花花), do they ?反意疑问句(4)4)含有含有ought to 的反意疑问句,的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?反意疑问句(5)5)陈述部分有陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用,疑问部分常用dont +主语(主语(didnt +主语)。主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorr
37、ow, dont we?反意疑问句(6) 6)陈述部分的谓语是陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用时,疑问部分用didnt +主语主语或或 usednt +主语。主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?反意疑问句(7)7)陈述部分有陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?反意疑问句(8)8)陈述部分有陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用,疑问部分多用 would
38、nt +主主语。语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?反意疑问句(9)9)陈述部分有陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用疑问部分用wouldnt +主主语。语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?反意疑问句(10)10) 感叹句中,疑问部分用感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?反意疑问句(11)11)陈述部分由陈述部分由neither nor, eithe
39、r or 连接的并列主语时,连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?反意疑问句(12)12)陈述部分主语是指示代词陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语疑问部分主语用用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it?反意疑问句(13)a 13) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:合句,疑问部分有三种情况: a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语
40、并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。He is a teacher and he has taught us English for 15 yars,hasnot he ?反意疑问句(13)bb. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?反意疑问句(13)c c. 上述部分主句谓语是上
41、述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?You do not think he can finish the work,do you ?反意疑问句(14)14) 陈述部分主语是不定代词陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody,
42、 no one等,疑问部分常用等,疑问部分常用复数复数they,有时也用单数,有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)反意疑问句(15)15) 带情态动词带情态动词dare或或need的反意疑的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当当dare, need 为实义动词时
43、,疑为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词问部分用助动词do + 主语。主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?反意疑问句(16)16)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意:注意: Lets 开头的祈使句,后用开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用开头的祈使句,后用will you?Lets go and listen to the
44、music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?反意疑问句(17) 17)陈述部分是陈述部分是there be结构结构的,疑问部分用的,疑问部分用there省略主语代省略主语代词。词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?反意疑问句(18)18)否定前缀不能视为否定词,否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is i
45、mpossible, isnt it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 反意疑问句(19)19) 陈述部分有陈述部分有must 的疑问句,的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he? You musthave studiedEnglish for three years, havent you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?反意疑问句(20) 20)含有强调句型的反意疑问句含有强调句型的反意疑问句中,附加
46、问句的主语代词永远是中,附加问句的主语代词永远是It 如:如:It was last year that you graduated,was not it?1.Ifyouwanthelp-moneyoranything,letmeknow,_you?A.donotB.willC.shallD.do2.BillsaimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_?A.isntitB.isitC.isntheD.ishe3,Mrsblackdoesntbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalsa
47、mera,_?A.isheB.isntheC.doesntsheD.doesshe4.Thenewsthatthefailedtheredrivingtestdiscouragedhim_?A.didtheyB.didnttheyC.diditD.didntit5.Idontsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_?A.doIB.dontIC.willtheyD.wontthey6.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_?A.didnttheyB.donttheyC.mustnttheyD.have
48、ntthey11.-Didnotyouenjoytheperformancelastnight?-.Itwaslesswonderfulthanexpected.A,Yes,IdidB,No,IdidnotC,Yes,IdidD,No,Idid4 强调句结构强调句结构常考的强调句结构是常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。引导的句子。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。状语。 It is (was) 被强调部分被强调部分+ that (who) + 句句子其他部分子其他部分Is/was+it+被强调部分被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其句子其他部
49、分。他部分。What/how/where+is/was+it+that/who+句子句子其他部分。其他部分。 强调句演练原句:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday.强调主语强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday.强调宾语强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday.强调时间强调时间: It was yesterday that my father
50、 did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用注意不用when)强调地点强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday.对地点提问:Wherewasitthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterday?对时间提问:Whenwasitthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab?对宾语提问:Whatwasitthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterday?强调主语的一般疑问句:强调主语的一般疑问句:Was it
51、 my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday?注意:强调句含有notuntil结构的句子时,要用Itis/wasnotuntilthat结构。That后的句子要用肯定句,且需用陈述语序.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar。Ididnotrealizedshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.强调句和主语从句句型(It+be+adj/n+that)的异同点:二者均有
52、Itbethat/who之类的语言标志。所不同的是:含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上“正是”或“就是”之类的字眼,而强调句则可以含有主语从句的句子若删掉Itbethat/who则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立,而强调句去掉结构标志仍成立。如ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.(不可去掉Itis和that)ItwasonDecember11,2001thatChinabecameamemberofWTO(去掉Itwas和that仍成立)含有定语从句的强调句型:仔细分析That和who在句中的作用,若that或who可有可无,(结合itbe来分析)则为强调句,否则是定语
53、从句如:ItwasinthelabthatwassetupbyMrsmiththathefinishedtheexperiment.(lab后的that不可省,因为that引导定语从句做该句的主语.句中的第二个that才是强调句的标志)8.Wasitattheschool_wasnamedafterhero_hespenthischildhood?A.which;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.which;where含有Itbe之类语言标志的句型:a.Itwasnot/willnotbelongbefore+句子.意为“不久”,表示没过多久就发生了某事.b.Itw
54、as/willbelongbefore+句子.意为“过了多久才发生某事”,C.Itis/hasbeen+long+since+句子.表示“自从做某事开始到现在多久了”d.Itis/was+时间点+when+句子.表示“当做什么的时候,时间为”Itwasnotlongbeforetheydroveofftheinvaders.不久,他们就赶走了侵略者.Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军三年了.Itwaseightoclockwhenwereachedthesummitofthemountain.我们到达山顶的时候已经8点了.Itwillbetwodaysbefo
55、reMoonCakesDaycomes.再过两天就是中秋节了.强调句典型例题(1) 1) It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the time B.when C.that D.which 答案答案C. 强调句的结构是:强调句的结构是: It +be +强强调部分调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个,句的连词只有两个,that和和who。当强。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用用 who,其余用,其余用that。2)Itistenyears_MissGreenreturned
56、toCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as答案C.考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A.that.其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉Itbethat还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉Itisthat,只剩下tenyearsMissGreenreturnedtoCanada.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。Itis/was+时间+since其中ishasbeenwashadbeen.1.ITwasnotuntildark_hefound_wasthecorrectwesolvetheproblem.A.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that2.-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-_wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleshool.A,that;ItB,this;ThisC,this;ItD,that;This5用助动词进行强调强调句还有一种类型,就是用助强调句还有一种类型,就是用助动词动词do (did,does) 强调谓语。强调谓语。She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。她的确喜欢这匹马。Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。千万保重。