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1、XXXX 考研英语语法考研英语语法 1010 天速成复习法天速成复习法一.情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustnt,;can/cannt;need/neednt;may/maynt;might/mightnt;should/shouldnt;ought 等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1.表示已经发生的情况。1)must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“(昨天)一定”。如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room,
2、forthe first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are youfeeling all right?”A must be B had been C must have been D had tobe(答案为 C)2)cant / couldnt have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否认推测，译为“(昨天)一定没”。如：Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied beforenow.A couldnt have received B ought to have receivedC has rece
3、ived D shouldnt have received(答案为 A)3)may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许”。如：At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentiallyserious leakage of radioactive water may have beenunknowingly caused by an electrician.2.表示虚拟语气。1) neednt have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didnt need to
4、 do”,译为“其实没必要”。如：You neednt have e over yourself.As it turned out to be a small house party, we soformally.A neednt dress up Bdid not need have dressed upC did not need dress up D neednt have dressed up(没有必要穿的那么正式，表达是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为 D)2)should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该”should not
5、+ have 过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished; I should haveplanned everything ahead carefully.我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该”，与 should 的完成式含义类似。如：The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade assoon as h
6、e saw the fire in the stock, which went up insmoke .4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以”。这点与 ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：What you said is right, but you could have phrased itmore tactfully.5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许会”。如：It might have been better to include more punchyst
7、atistics and photos of equipment in the introduction tofurther assist first-time office automation managers.二.几个情态动词常考的句型：1).may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与hadbetter 相近;Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go bytrain.既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you hadbetter go by train。2) .cannot / canttoo
8、 “越越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体 cannotover.如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。The final chapter covers organizational change anddevelopment. This subject cannot be over emphasized .3) .usednt 或 didt use to 为 used to (do) 的否认式。4).should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didnt expect
9、 that he should havebehaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。三.情态动词被动关系的主动表达法1. want, require, worth(形容词)后面接 doing 也可以表示被动意义。Your hair wants cuttingThe book is worth readingThe floor requires washing.2.need 既可以用 need to be done 也可以使用 need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义The house needs painting= the house needs to be pain
10、ted.The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to berepaired.一.形容词的修饰与位置一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀”ly”往往是副词，但有的以“ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意;形容词一般可以在句子中做定语，表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语;这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下归纳：1 以-ly 结尾的是形容词而不是副词：costly 昂贵的 lonely 孤独的 deadly 死一般的 lively 活泼的 friendly 友好的 silly 傻气的 kindl
11、y 热心肠的 likely 可能的 leisurely 悠闲的 ugly 长得丑的 brotherly 兄弟般的monthly 每月的 earthly 尘世的2 只作以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的 awake 醒着的 alone 单独的，惟一的 alive 活着的 ashamed 羞愧的asleep 睡着的 aware 意识到的、发觉到的 well 安康的content 满意的 unable 无能的3 只作前置定语的形容词earthen 泥土做的，大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inne
12、r 里面的silken 丝一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的 wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年长的 woolen 毛织的 former 前任的mere 仅，只不过 only 惟一的 sheer 纯粹的 very 恰好的 little小的 live 活的4.以下动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语：remain keep bee, get, grow, go, e, turn, stay, stand,run, prove, seem, appear, look。如：All those left undone may sound
13、 great in theory,but even the truest believer has great difficulty when ites to specifics.二.形容词与副词的比拟级与最高级1. 考比拟级时，考生应把握：1)形容词和副词比拟级的形式是否和比拟连词对应出现，即是否符合原级比拟及比拟级的构造。如：Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records areoften , or better than an actual performance.Aas good as Bas good Cgood Dgood as在
14、这里 as good as 比拟连词与 better than 比拟连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何一个介词。答案为AOn the whole, ambitious students are more likely tosueed in their studies than are those with little ambition.2)比拟的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比拟要具有可比性。如：The number of registered participants in this yearsmarathon was half .A of last years Bthose of l
15、ast yearsCof those of last year D that of last years(前后相比的应该是今年和去年参加的人数“the number of”故代替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”，而不能选择B，those 是指代 participants，不是同类比照，答案为 D。Young readers, more often than not, find the novels ofdickens far more exciting than Thackerays.3)比拟级与倍数词关系及其位置原级构造中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为“为.假设干倍”,当与有表示倍数比拟的词在
16、一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+asas,或倍数词+morethan，但 again 一般放在原级词之后，即 “as+原级+again+as”.如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it killspeople each year than automobile aidents.A seven more times B seven times moreC over seven times D seven times(答案为 B)“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for thepainting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”A twice so much B twice as m
