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1、小学英语知识点汇总一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加 -es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或 fe ”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数 :man-men, woman-
2、women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _ child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_
3、 man_ woman_ 二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页2.一般现在时中,没有be 动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上 s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中, 句中有 be 动词或情态动词时,否定句在be 动词和情态动词后加 not,一般疑问句将be 动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be 动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加
4、does+not (doesn t) ,一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形 ;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don t),一般疑问句在句首加 do,句子中动词用原形。一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如 :The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语 be(am,is,are)
5、其它。如 :I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词 :主语 行为动词 ( 其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。动词+s 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加 -es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2
6、 页,共 15 页当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she,it) 时,要在动词后加 -s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。【No. 2】一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句 :主语 be not 其它。如 :He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句 :Be 主语 其它。如 :-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句 :疑问词 一般疑问句。如 :Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句 :主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形 ( 其它)。如:I
7、dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时, 要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句 :Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如 : - Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does 构成一般疑问句。如 : - Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.动词 s 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
8、2.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加 -es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“ 辅音字母 y” 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Mon
9、day.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11.
10、Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19.
11、Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. -What day _(be) it today? - It s Saturday 三、现在进行时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的 肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.3.现在进行时的 否定句在 be 后加 not。4.现在进行时的 一般疑问句 把 be 动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的特殊疑问
12、的基本结构为: 疑问词 + be+主语+ 动词 ing?动词加 ing 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_
13、come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson
14、 .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 o clock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时理论及练习一、概念 :表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(
15、week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow( 后天)等。二、基本结构 :be going to do; will do.三、否定句 :在 be 动词(am, is, are)l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 won t。例如:I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同义句 :be going to = will1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事
16、情。2.肯定句:be going to + 动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句 :be not going to + 动词原形,如 :Jim is not going to play football.一般疑问句 :把 be 动词调到句首,如 :Is Jim going to play football? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +be+主语+going to+ 动词原形 ?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当
17、主语时 :疑问词+be+going to+ 动词原形 ? 如:Who is going to play football?I am going to go swimming tomorrow( 明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习:填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 我们将要学习英语We _ _ _ learn English.We _ learn English. 五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间
18、发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn t)are 在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren t)带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。3.句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7
19、 页,共 15 页否定句 :didn t +动词原形,如 :Jim didn t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句 :在句首加 did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句 :疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形 ?如:What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时 :疑问词 +动词过去式 ?如:Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则 :1.一般在动词末尾加 -ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是 e 加 d,如:taste-tasted
20、3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,(辅+元+辅)如 :stop-stopped4.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加 -ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式 :am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave,get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang,put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wr
21、ote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew,ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习 (1)Name _ No. _ Date _用 b
22、e 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yes
23、terday evening.用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.行为动词的过去时练习 (2)用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (v
24、isit) your relatives last Spring Festival?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morni
25、ng? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.(二)小升初英语词类 :动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用“ 一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等 )和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用 “ 很” 去判断,就是把 “ 很” 和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。 (目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词 )、be 动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词就是我们平时上课时说
26、的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live 等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、 +s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下 :有,就加 ing读句子 读该单词 认识该单词 理解意思 看有无 be 动词(若是 be going to 就用原形 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页没有,再看情态动词有,就用原形有,就加 ed没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语是第三人称单数就加s 或 es没有,再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形(2)be 动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were口诀:
27、我用 am, 你用 are, is 用他她它,所有复数全用 are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No,
28、it isnt.我们现在学过的 be 动词大致分两类 :is、am、are 为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was 和 were 为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。判断步骤 :精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 15 页第一、三人称单数,就用was有,再看人称第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were看有无表示过去的时间状语第一人称单数,就用am没有,再看人称 第三人称单数,就有is第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are用 am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I
29、 _ not.2. The girl_ Jacks sister.3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this?10. Whose socks _ they?(3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词, 平时我们不把它说成是动
30、词。 情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 15 页我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should 、would、may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响 )2、名词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be 动词,be 动词如果是 am、is 或 was,名词就用原形 ;be 动词如果是 are 或 were,名词就加 s或 es。这里强调两点 :不可数名词都默认为单数, 所以总是用 is 或者 was;最好不要根据
31、some、any、a lot of 等词去作判断,以免受误导。如何加后缀 :a.一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb.以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加 -es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc.以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries d.以“f或 fe ”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knivese.不规则
32、名词复数 : man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese判断步骤 :精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 15 页如是 am、is 或 was原形读句子 读该单词 认识该单词 理解意思 看be 动词如是 are 或
33、were加 s 或 es3、形容词 (包括副词 )形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和 +er。未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。两个重要特征 :as as 中间一定用原形,有than 的时候一定 +er。4、人称代词和物主代词主格you I he she it we they 宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours第三人称 he him they them his his their their
34、s she her her her sit it its its人称代词 :有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。物主代词 :有两类 :形容词性物主代词 (短的)和名词性物主代词 (长的)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 15 页一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词 (长的)。用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress
35、 is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5、数量词我们学过两类 :基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。6、冠词有 a、an、the。a 和 an 有具体的意思,一 (个),the 没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an 还是 the 时可根据汉语意思。 a 和 an 的区别 :an 用于元音音素 (一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a 用于辅音音素前。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 15 页