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1、猜测词义猜测词义猜词的重要性猜词的重要性大纲要求大纲要求：根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意义。高考阅读测试方式高考阅读测试方式：阅读理解中有3%的生词（不包括根据构词法可以推断词义的词)；阅读理解题中设有猜测词义题。Can you guess the meaning of the underlined words?ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.(门楣门楣)JanewastalkingwithotherswhileJackremainedreticentallthetime.（沉默不语的（沉默不语的） 定义或释义关系常由定语（从句）定义或释义关
2、系常由定语（从句）或同位语（从句）或由或同位语（从句）或由means, is, or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示1. Definition 定义法：定义法： 1. It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的) 2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about
3、 650 yuan a year. (n. 牧羊人牧羊人)33. A hibernating . A hibernating animal doesnt wake animal doesnt wake in winterin winterThat isThat is，it sleeps in winterit sleeps in winter (冬眠的冬眠的 )2. Contrast 对比法：对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、while、however、or、 otherwise等
4、。等。Most of us agreed. However, Bill dissented.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived ten minutes after the first class began.A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly A (v. 不同意不同意)Ourmathprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones.However,wefeelthattheyareintricat
5、eandhardtosolve.A.hard B. good C. complicated D. easy C3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to clean some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj. 巨大的巨大的;极大的极
6、大的)Motherwastallandfat.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter. (adj.胖的，丰满的胖的，丰满的)4. Cause & Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。because, so that, so/suchthatbecause, so that, so/suchthat等等 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. Th
7、at museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the things in one day. (adj. 贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的) (adj. 大的大的)1. Definition 定义法定义法3. Similarity 相似法相似法2. Contrast 对比法对比法4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法猜猜测测词词义义 Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活动探究活动 (1)(1) Can you guess the correct meanings of the fol
8、lowing words?- 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is silent . A. 活泼的活泼的 B. 好动的好动的 C. 多话的多话的 D. 可爱的可爱的 CCDefinitionDefinitionDefinitionDefinitionContrastContrastContrastC
9、ontrast 3. The old friend asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest4. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 温饱温饱 C. 非常贫困非常贫困 D. 虚弱虚弱 ACSimilaritySimilaritySimilarit
10、ySimilarityContrastContrastContrastContrast 5. The tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.The Chinese meaning is:6.Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse for she has been talking much. The Chinese meaning is: 替代替代沙哑的沙哑的SimilaritySimilaritySimilarity
11、SimilarityCause and Cause and Cause and Cause and EffectEffectEffectEffect5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等等 。Select any of these periodicals: Time, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker. (n.杂志、期刊杂志、期刊)As they moved westward, they
12、 As they moved westward, they faced many faced many adversities,adversities, such as such as scarce food, extreme weather, and scarce food, extreme weather, and loneliness.loneliness.n.n.n.n.困苦，逆境困苦，逆境困苦，逆境困苦，逆境6. Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成
13、。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀有：super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（
14、不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） anti-（反，对抗）（反，对抗）non-（不，非）（不，非） inter- （相互）（相互） dis- （不）（不） auto- (自动的自动的 )superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的) interchange nonsmoker(交换交换) anti- Japanese auto-criticism (抗日抗日) Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(自我批评自我批评)中学英语中常见的后缀有：中学英语中常
15、见的后缀有：-ment表名词表名词achievement argument-en在形容词或名词后构成动词在形容词或名词后构成动词sharpen strengthen widen-ness表示抽象名词表示抽象名词 carelessness darkness kindness-ful是形容词的后缀，表示是形容词的后缀，表示“充满充满”careful mindful helpful -less加在名词、动词后面，表加在名词、动词后面，表 “没有、否定没有、否定 ” homeless jobless careless 1) He seemed quite nervous and he had talk
16、ed for about a minute before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that Tom had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expectB7. 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。示来猜测词义。 2) He is a 2) He is a resoluteresolute man. Once he made up man. Once he made up
17、his mind to do something, he wont give his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever3)The old man put on his 3)The old man put on his spectaclesspectacles and and began to read. began to read. The Chinese mean
18、ing is:The Chinese meaning is:B眼镜眼镜8. 8. Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。生活经验来猜测词义。 根据上下文的语言环境，运用生活常识和逻辑推理能力猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效的方法When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him senseless，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to k
19、now what is happening to him.n. 麻醉剂麻醉剂( (药药) )In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with them a large quantity of dowry.The Chinese meaning is:嫁妆嫁妆5. Example 例举法例举法8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7. Context 上下文上
20、下文 Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)Try to guess the Chinese meaning1.Peoplearesoworriedabouttheageingprocessthattheyspendmoneyandtimeonanti-ageing.Noneofus,however,canholdyouthforever.抗衰老抗衰老 (WordFormation)2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth,justasdrinkingisha
21、rmful.3.SinceIcouldntaffordtobuytheoriginalPainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.有害的有害的 （复制品，赝品）（复制品，赝品）（ExampleExample）（ContextContext）4.14,000sanitationworkerscarryoff,yearly,threemilliontonsofrubbishandkeep7,500milesofstreetscleanandfreeofsnow.环卫工人环卫工人(Common Sense)
22、(Common Sense) Reading Practice 实战练习实战练习Passage1“IamgoingtorescindthepermissionIgaveyoutousemytoys!”Jacksonannouncedangrily.“Ithoughtyouwouldtakegoodcareofthem,butIwaswrong!”A.repeatB.celebrateC.continueD.cancelD DPassage2Passage2“Michelle,Imveryupsetaboutwhatyousaid,”Rosiestatedfirmly.“Youdidntcome
23、rightoutandaccusedmeofeatingallyourcandy.Ontheotherhand,yourremarksaboutmyloveofchocolateweremadeforareason.YouareinsinuatingthatImthecandythief!”Whatdoes“insinuate”mean?A.tokeepsomethinghotorcoldB.tosuggestwithoutclearlysayingC.todosomethingevilD.toprotectfromdiseaseB BPassage 3 A mans position amo
24、ng the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger
25、C. proud D. shame DPassage 4 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text.A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stopB
26、1. Definition 定义法定义法3. Similarity 相似法相似法2. Contrast 对比法对比法4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法5. Example 例举法例举法8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7. Context 上下文上下文 Summary 1. 阅读时有些生词是可以猜测的，因此遇阅读时有些生词是可以猜测的，因此遇 到生词不用紧张。到生词不用紧张。 2. 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离上下文。如果离开特定语境去猜测词义，就上下文。如果离开特定语境去猜测词义，就会导致错误。会导致错误。教师点评教师点评Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。完成印发的猜测词义练习。
