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1、2018 年最新版英语国家概况谢福之一、选择题（答案在所有选择题下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are . A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England 2. is the capital city of S
2、cotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 3. According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million. A. 160 B. 600 C. 60 D. 16 4. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 5. Almost a quarter of
3、the British population lives in England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. southwestern 6. English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D. Roman 7. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of word
4、s to English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 8. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence. A. Norman B. Dutch C. German D. Danish 9. Samuel Johnson s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of . A. grammar B
5、. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation 10. At present, nearly of the world s population communicate in English. A. half B. a quarter C. one third D. one fifth 11. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 12. By the late 7th centur
6、y, became the dominant religion in England. A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 13. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of . A. St. Augustine B. Edward the Confessor C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great 14. The marked the esta
7、blishment of feudalism in England. A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman Conquest D. Adoption of common law 15. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C. the House of Tudor D. the House of Lancaster 16. The direct cause
8、for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII s effort to . A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome C. support the Protestants D. declare his supreme power over the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 19 页church 17. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between . A. Protestants
9、 and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians C. nobles and peasants D. aristocrats and Christians 18. was passed after the Glorious Revolution. A. Bill of Rights B. Act of Supremacy C. Provisions of Oxford D. Magna Carta 19. The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of t
10、he century. A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th 20. Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century. A. 17th B. 18th C. 19th D. 20th 21. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the excep
11、tion of the . A. judiciary B. legislature C. monarchy D. executive 22. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on . A. passing the bills B. advising the government C. political parties D. public attitude 23. As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House
12、of Commons. A. rival B. complement C. criticize D. inspect 24. British Cabinet works on the principle of . A. collective responsibility B. individual responsibility C. defending the collectivism D. defending the individuals 25. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to . A. make decisions B.
13、give advice C. pass bills D. supervise the Cabinet 26. In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years. A. three B. four C. five D. six 27. has a distinct legal system based on Roman law. A. Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland 28. Generally speaking, the British Parli
14、ament operates on a system. A. single-party B. two-party C. three-party D. multi-party 29. The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and . A. government intervention B. nationalization of enterprises C. social reform D. a belief in individualism 30. The Labor Party affec
15、ted the British society greatly in that it . A. set up the National Health Service B. improved public transportation C. abolished the old tax system D. enhanced the economic development 31. The British economy achieved global dominance by the . A. 1860s B. 1870s C. 1880s D.1890s 32. In , the British
16、 Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1948 33. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain. A. oil crisis B. high inflation rates 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 19 页C. large imports D. unemploym
17、ent problem 34. Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher s social welfare reform. A. reducing child benefits B. shortening the unemployment benefits period C. reducing the unemployment D. lowering old age pensions 35. The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspec
18、ts except . A. limiting government spending B. keeping inflation under control C. reducing unemployment D. reducing inequality 36. Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture. A. 54% B. 64% C. 74% D.84% 37. Britain s important fishing areas include all the following except . A. the North Sea
19、 B. the English Channel C. The sea area around Ireland D. The sea area between Britain and Ireland 38. Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country. A. 1/3 B. 1/4 C. 1/5 D. 2/3 39. The car industry in Britain in mostly . A. foreign-owned B. state-owned C. joint-vent
20、ure D. privately-owned 40. Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of Word War II. A. agriculture B. energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industry 41. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by t
21、he introduction of comprehensive schools in the . A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s 42. About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system. A. 5% B. 6% C. 7% D. 8% 43. Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive thei
22、r remaining funds from all the following sources except . A. tuition fees B. loans C. donations D. corporate contributions 44. Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain s universities. A. result in national entrance test B. A-level result C. an interview D. school references 45. To be
23、 admitted to the Open University, one need . A. some educational qualifications B. no educational qualifications C. General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications 46. Among Britain s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “ Big Three ” wi
24、th the exception of . A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily Telegraph 47. Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 million viewers worldwide. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 19 页A. feature B. drama C. documentary D. soap
25、 opera 48. is Britain s top pay television provider. A. BSB B. SkyTV C. BBC D. BSkyB 49. Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays. A. families getting together B. friends exchanging good wishes C. friends enjoying each other s company D. families traveling overseas 50. T
26、he following Christmas traditions are particularly British except . A. Trooping the Color B. Queen s Christmas message C. Boxing Day D. Christmas pantomime 51. The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is . A. poetry B. drama C. novel D. pamphlet 52. is viewed as Romantic poetry s
27、“ Declaration of Independence.” A. “ I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don Juan C.“ Preface to Lyrical Ballads” D. Prometheus Unbound53. Of Dickens novels, is considered autobiographical. A. A Tale of Two Cities B. David Copperfield C. Oliver Twist D. Great Expectations 54. is a representative of Eng
28、lish Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century. A. Robert Louis Stevenson B. John Milton C. Joseph Conrad D. Thomas Hardy 55. Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism. A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century. B. The writers were dissatisfied with the soci
29、al reality. C. The writers believed in “ Art for Art s Sake” . D. Treasure Island was a representative work. 56. is NOT included in the modernist group. A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. Eliot 57. Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy. A. Jude the Obs
30、cure B. Tess of the D Urbervilles C. Adam Bede D. The Return of the Native 58. Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the “ Bloomsbury Group” . B. She experimented with stream of consciousness. C. She was an influential feminist. D. Her maste
31、rpiece was The Rainbow. 59. Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce C. William Golding D. V. S. Naipaul 60. Waiting for Godot is written by . A. Samuel Beckett B. George Orwell C. William Golding D. D. H. Lawrence 61. The United States has states on th
32、e continent. A. 50 B. 49 C. 48 D. 35 62. The state of is the largest in area of all the states. A. Alaska B. Hawaii C. Texas D. Florida 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 19 页63. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its and
33、 the Pacific to its . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, east D. western, east, west 64. The largest river in the U. S. is . A. the Missouri River B. the Mississippi River C. the Ohio River D. the Colorado River 65. Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Y
34、ale and MIT are located . A. in the South B. along the Pacific Coast C. in New England D. in the Midwest 66. is located on the U. S. Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. A. Yellowstone National Park B. The Grand Canyon C. Niagara Falls D. The Great Salt Lake 67. The native Alaskan pop
35、ulation includes the following except the . A. Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. Blacks 68. The largest minority in the United States is the . A. Pacific Islanders B. Blacks C. Native Americans D. Asians 69. The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particul
36、arly from . A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America 70. The characteristic of dominant American culture is . A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class B. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class C. English-speaking, northern European, Prot
37、estant and upper-class D. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class 71. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in . A. Jamestown, Louisiana B. Boston, Massachusetts C. Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, Georgia 72. Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who c
38、ame to America to avoid persecution in England. A. Protestants B. Puritans C. Catholics D. Christians 73. The Seven Years War occurred between the . A. French and American Indians B. French and Spaniards C. French and British D. British and American Indians 74. “ No taxation without representation”
39、was the rallying slogan of . A. the settlers of Virginia B. the people of Pennsylvania C. the colonists in New England D. the people of the 13 colonies 75. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in . A. Concord B. Lexington C. Philadelphia D. Boston 76. In May 1775, was held
40、in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Boston Tea Party D. the Congress of Confederation 77. Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
41、 - - -第 5 页，共 19 页A. Declaration of Independence B. Constitution C. Emancipation Proclamation D. Bill of Rights 78. The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars. A. neutrality B. full involvement C. partial involvement D. appeasement 79. President applied New Deal to de
42、al with the problems of the Great Depression. A. Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. Kennedy 80. The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents . A. Johnson, Nixon and Ford B. Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy C. Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. E
43、isenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in . A. 1787 B. 1789 C. 1791 D. 1793 82. The Constitution of the United States . A. gives the most power to Congress B. gives the most power to the President C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others D.
44、gives the most power to the Supreme Court 83. The Bill of Rights . A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President B. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedoms C. is part of the Declaration of Independence D. has no relationship with the Const
45、itution 84. The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. A. freedom of religion B. the right to get into people s house by police C. freedom of speech and of press D. the right to own one s weapon if one wishes 85. All the following except cannot make legislative proposal. A. the Senat
46、or B. the Representative C. the Secretary of State D. the President 86. The following except are all powers of the President. A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress B. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur C. making laws D. issuing executive orders 87. According to the Constitution, a cand
47、idate for President must be . A. at least 35 years old B. at least a 14 years resident of the United States C. born in America D. all of the above 88. The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively. A. two, four B. two, three C. two, six D. six, two 89. The Supreme Court is co
48、mposed of justices. A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 19 页90. The President is directly voted into office by . A. all citizens of America B. the citizens over 18 years old C. electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives 91. Am
49、erica produces a major portion of the world s products in the following fields except . A. machinery B. automobiles C. ore D. chemicals 92. The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to . A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy B. farming economy, handcraft e
50、conomy, industrial economy C. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy D. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy 93. Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen. A. political authority B. economic rights C. judicial authority D. diplomatic autho
51、rity 94. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of . A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Andrew Jackson D. Alexander Hamilton 95. The following inventions took place during the “ second industrial revolution” except . A. typewriter B. telephone C. electric
52、 light D. refrigerator 96. President Johnson tried to build a “ Great Society” by introducing various programs like the following except . A. Medicare B. Food Stamps C. Education Initiatives D. Unemployment Pension 97. About of American crops are for export. A. half B. one third C. one fourth D. one
53、 fifth 98. The following statements are all true except . A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises. B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports. C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational
54、firms. D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures. 99. is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry. A. Ford B. General Motors C. Chrysler D. American Motors 100. At present, U. S. exports account for of the world s total. A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25% 101.
55、 Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education. A. kindergarten B. public C. elementary D. private 102. Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students. A. mathematics and languages B. politics and business education C. science and social
56、 studies D. music and physical education 103. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of . A. Yale University B. Harvard University 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 19 页C. Princeton University D. New York University 104. Of the following, are NOT among the c
57、ategories of American higher education. A. universities and colleges B. research institutions C. technical institutions D. community colleges 105. Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions. A. choosing the president B. establishing policies for admini
58、strators and faculty C. approving budget and other financial project D. decide which student to enroll 106. To get a bachelor s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except . A. attending lectures and completing assignments B. passing examinations C. working for communi
59、ties D. earning a certain number of credits 107. Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet. A. Harvard University B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. Princeton University D. Yale University 108. is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it h
60、as a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk. A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles Times D. New York Daily News 109. Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America. A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) B. the Public Broadcasting
61、 Service (PBS) C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 110. The National Day of the United States falls on . A. June 4th B. July 4th C. June 14th D. July 14th 111. Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods. A. Benjamin Frank
62、lin & Edgar Ellen Poe B. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan Edwards C. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards D. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. is regarded as “ the father of American literature” . A. James Fennimore Cooper B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Thomas Jefferson D. Washington Irving 113. Of the
63、following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne s work. A. The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Marble Faun D. Nature 114. Of the following, is considered Herman Melville s masterpiece. A. The Last of the Mohicans B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C. Moby Dick D. Daisy Miller 115. Of the fo
64、llowing, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain s works. A. colloquial speech B. a sense of humor C. a realistic view D. an idealistic view 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 19 页116. Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen Crane B. Frank Norr
65、is C. Theodore Dreiser D. Herman Melville 117. F. Scott Fitzgerald s finest novel is , and its theme is about . A. The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, love C. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneself D. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature 118. Of the fol
66、lowing books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. A. The Sun Also Rises B. The Sound and the Fury C. A Farewell to Arms D. For Whom the Bell Tolls 119. Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner. A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. William Faulkner D. Eugene O Neil 120. is the first Af
67、rican-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. A. Ralph Ellison B. Tony Morrison C. Richard Wright D. James Baldwin 选择题参考答案：第一章A B C D B C D A C B 第二章D D B C C A B A C D 三C D B A B C C B D A 四C B A C D C D B A C 五D B B A B C C D D A 六B C B D C A C D B A 八C A B B C C D B A D 九C B C D B B C
68、A C D 十B C B B C C D D D C 十一C C D D D D B B D A 十二C B B B D C B B B B 十三C D D C D D A B A B 二、判断题及答案Chapter 1 1.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T) 2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to th
69、eir country.(F) 3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F) 4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F) 5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T) 6.Because of political troubles,Nort
70、hern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T) 7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10C in January.(F) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 19 页8.The majority of t
71、he people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2.Th
72、e Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T) 3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe- the Britons.(T) 4.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the mid-5th century.(T) 5.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F) 6.Th
73、e Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 9.The Hundred Years War was a series of wars f
74、ought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F) 10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of
75、 the British government.(F) 2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4.British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Tempor
76、al are all members in the British Upper House.(T) 6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parlia
77、ment.(F) 9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T) 10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F) Chapter 4 1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2.The Bri
78、tish economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T) 3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F) 4.Thatchers revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic
79、and social problems.(F) 5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 19 页Conservative Party.(T) 6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)
80、7.Britain is the worlds leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F) 8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britains demand for fish.(T) 9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F) 10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.
81、(T) Chapter 5 1.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F) 2.Education in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F) 3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F) 4.When children f
82、inish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T) 5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T) 6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britai
83、n.(T) 7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T) 8.The Times is the worlds oldest national newspaper(F) 9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F) 10.Some British holidays are celebrated
84、to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T) Chapter 6 1.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F) 2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T) 3.Hamlet depicts
85、 the heros struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his fathers murder.(T) 4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homers Iliad.(T) 5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his mast
86、erpiece.(F) 6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F) 7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as Ode to the West Wind.(F) 8.Jane Austen was a well-known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F
87、) 9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T) 10.V.S.Naipaul detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 19
88、 页Chapter 7 1.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F) 2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F) 3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F) 4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,
89、but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T) 5.To support the governments neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F) 6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F) 7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish
90、 Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F) 8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.(F) 9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue.(F) 10.Catholicism in Ireland is more tha
91、n a mere matter of private faith.(T) Chapter 8 1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the countrys continental territory.(F) 2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T) 3.Almost through the middle o
92、f the United States, north to south,runs a well-known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T) 4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T) 5.San Francisco is the second lar
93、gest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland are located here.(F) 6.Half of the U.S. Population lives in the western metropolitan centers.(F) 7.The Blacks brought from Africa to America usually worked on plantations or farms in the North.(F) 8.During the 1830s and 1840s, ma
94、ny northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T) 9.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T) 10.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T) Chapter 9 1.America was named af
95、ter Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T) 2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 19 页were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F) 3.The Civil War not
96、 only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T) 4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F) 5.During Clintons term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T) 6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from
97、allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T) 7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F) 8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the ax
98、is of evil.(T) 9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nations troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F) 10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T) Chapter 10 1.Bill of Rights was written i
99、nto the Constitution in 1787.(F) 2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T) 3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses:
100、the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F) 4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T) 5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T) 6.Like Britain, the United States
101、has a two-party system.(T) 7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F) 8.American presidential campaign adheres to the winner-take-all practice.(T) 9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F) 10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period w
102、as containment and intervention.(T) Chapter 11 1.America is the worlds largest industrial nation.(T) 2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F) 3.Charter companies contributed to Britains successful colonization of the U.S.(T) 4.In the U.S. Constitution,
103、the recognition of the importance of intellectual property could be identified.(T) 5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F) 6.President Roosevelts New Deal had little effect in d
104、ealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F) 7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F) 8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 19 页trade.(T) 9.Au
105、to production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T) 10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F) Chapter 12 1.Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)
106、 2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T) 3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F) 4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelors degree at graduation.(F) 5.When selecting a college or univers
107、ity, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T) 6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F) 7.Usually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T) 8.Y
108、ale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F) 9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F) 10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F) Chapter 13 1.Jonathan Edw
109、ards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit.(T) 2.Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style,free verse.(T) 3.Emily Dickinsons poems are usually long, exploring the inner life of the individual.(F) 4.Stephen Crane is fam
110、ous for his writings about Americans living in Europe.(F) 5.Ezra Pound led the School of Imagism, which advocates a clear, highly visual presentation.(T) 6.As a Jewish writer, Saul Bellow focused on Jewish characters and social problems.(T) 7.Jack Kerouaces On The Road is a representative work of th
111、e Beat Generation.(T) 8.Alice Walker was passionate about both the civil rights movement and the womens movement, and The Color Purple is her masterpiece.(T) 9.Americas most renowned playwright is Tennessee Williams, and his plays are highly experimental in form and style.(F) 10.Arthur Miller was co
112、ncerned with the conflicts of the individual within society, and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece.(T) Chapter 14 1.Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of territory.(T) 2.Canadas expansive area can be divided into five geographic regions, each with a distinct landscape an
113、d climate.(T) 3.The lakes in Canada cover 7.6% of the Canadian landmass.(T) 4.Canada has a typical oceanic climate influenced by both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.(F) 5.The Seven Years War led to the British control of most of the territories in Canada.(F) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -
114、-第 14 页，共 19 页6.Canada was split into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791.(T) 7.During World War II, neutral policy protected Canada from the wartime destruction.(F) 8.Quebec separated from Canada and established a French-speaking nation in the 1960s.(F) 9.Chretiens Liberal government succeeded in
115、 lowering the persistently high unemployment rate.(T) 10.Canada was the first country in the world to allow same-sex marriage.(F) 三、简答题Chapter 1 geography people and language 1. what is the full name of the U.K? A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland. 2. Why do
116、tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland? A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. 3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are t
117、hey? A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English . 4. Why did English become more important after the Black Death? A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also gr
118、ew in importance compared to French . Chapter 2 History 5. What are the two components of the British parliament? A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 6. What were some of Queen Victoria s major achievements? A:the Queen Victoria s major achievements in almost every aspect : she
119、promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world s landmass. 7. What were the two camps in Europe in worl
120、d war I? A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states. 8. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after w
121、orld war II? A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union. Chapter 3 government and the commonwealth 9. What the three functions of the house of commons? A: the three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activ
122、ities of the government policy. 10. Why is the Conservative party sometimes called the “ Right” ? A: because the conservative party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class. 11. What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?
123、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 19 页A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “ middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain s con
124、stitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable. 12. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ? A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it is not possible for many people to vote for indepe
125、ndent candidates. Chapter 4 economy 1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher s reform in the early 1980s? A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment . in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work. 2. What are
126、 the characteristics of Britain s agriculture? A:britain s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands
127、. 3. What happened to Britain s beef industry in the mid-1990s? A: Britain s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996. 4. What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain? The popular tourist attractions in England include : The Dorset and the East De
128、von Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge , Windsor Castle, University towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,St.Paul s cathedral and so on . Chapter 5 education ,media and holidays 1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain? The major functio
129、ns of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade. 2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide? Britain comprehens
130、ive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry. 3. In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom? British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appo
131、int their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 4. How do the students in the open university receive their education? The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence ,video, and a network o
132、f study centers. 5. What role dose the media play in British leisure culture? The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public s opinion, determine people s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government. Chapter 6
133、literature 1. What are the three categories of Shakespeare s play and their representatives? Shakespeare s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night s Dream, The Merchant of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
134、 - - - - -第 16 页，共 19 页Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include Richard ，Henry and Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. 2. What is critical Realism? critical Realism is a literary school whic
135、h flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19thcentury .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint . the greatest English critical realist was Charles Dickens . 3. What are the two new literary trends prevailing
136、at the end of 19th century? The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19th century are neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of aestheticism believed in “ art for art s
137、 sake” . 4. What is stream of consciousness? stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the ev
138、ents themselves. Chapter 7 society and culture USA Chapter 8 geography and people 1. How is the American population distributed? The distribution of the American population is rather uneven . the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparati
139、vely small population . the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation s population. 2. How is the life of the native Americans today ? About one third
140、of all native Americans now live on reservations and the others live in cities. Poverty and unemployment are the major problems for them , especially on the reservations . 3. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ? The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to pover
141、ty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942. Chapter 9 history 1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? Because of the f
142、ormation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor becam
143、e the direct cause for America s entrance into the war. 2. What were Nixon s well-known contributions during his presidency? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 19 页a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the first strategic
144、arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union . 3. What were the contents of Reagan s economic program? Reagan s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so
145、as to reduce the federal government s role in the day-to-day operation of business. Chapter 10 government 1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution? One is “ checks and balances” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specif
146、ied. 2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than s
147、even years. 3. What are the major powers of the supreme court? a)to interpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional ; e) may declare a presidential act uncon
148、stitutional. 4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions? The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern . they favor civil rights laws , a strong social s
149、ecurity system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion . they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in internation
150、al relations. 5. What is the content of president Wilson s fourteen points? president Wilson s fourteen points include: abandonment of secret international agreements; freedom of the sea; free trade between nations ; reduction of armaments ; adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of the inha
151、bitants affected; self-rule for subjugated European nationalities ; and the establishment of an association of nations which guarantees the political independence and territorial integrity of all nations. Chapter 11 economy 1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of Ameri
152、ca? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patter
153、ns of development in America had become clear. 2. How did the civil war affect the American economy? After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead. 3. Why does
154、 America try to reduce trade barriers? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 19 页Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with othe
155、r nations. Chapter 12 education , media and holidays 1. How does an American university choose its applicants? a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their scores on the SAT. 2. What functi
156、ons do American higher education institutions perform? Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function . 3. What similarities do four famous university share? They all have a l
157、ong history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business. 4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day? Thanksgiving is asso
158、ciated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bou
159、ntiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans. Chapter 13 literature 1. What is the essence of American Puritanism? American Puritanism stress predestination , original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would rec
160、eive God s grace. 2. What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser s works? Theodore Dreiser s novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side. Dreiser found that living in such a materialistic society, the human individual is obsessed with an endless and meaningless search for satisfaction of
161、 their desires . he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of “ the survival of the fittest” . 3. What is the lost Generation? The lost Generation refer to the young American writers caught up in the world war I and cut off values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilizat
162、ion has gone mad . they produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the lost generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald. 4. What is the Beat Movement? The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word “ beat ” suggests a non-conformist , rebell
163、ious attitude toward conventional values concerning sex. Religion and the America way of life , an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an unconventional, communal mode of life. The representatives are Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 19 页
