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1、XXXX 年年 1212 月四级阅读理解习题及解析月四级阅读理解习题及解析As we have seen, the focus of medical care in oursociety has been shifting from curing disease to preventingdiseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthybehaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failureto exercise. The line of thought involv
2、ed in this shift canbe pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the rightweight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods,who feels OK but exercises only oasionally, who goes towork every day, but is not an outstanding worker, whodrinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drivewh
3、ile drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal bloodcounts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This personis not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particulardisease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lothealthier.The field of medicine has not traditionallydistinguished bet
4、ween someone who is merely “not ill” andsomeone who is in excellent health and pays attention tothe bodys special needs. Both types have simply beencalled “well.” In recent years, however, some healthspecialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and“wellness” only to those who are actively strivi
5、ng tomaintain and improve their health. People who are well areconcerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make apoint of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important,perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility forall matters related to their health. Even people who have aphysica
6、l disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” inthis new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the bestpossible health they can in the face of their physicallimitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not asa state that people can achieve, but as an ideal thatpeople can strive for. People who
7、 are well are likely to bebetter able to resist disease and to fight disease when itstrikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways ofliving, the concept of wellness can have a beneficialimpact on the ways in which people face the challenges ofdaily life.62. Today medical care is placing more str
8、ess on .A) keeping people in a healthy physical conditionB) monitoring patients body functionsC) removing peoples bad living habitsD) ensuring peoples psychological well-being(C)63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that .A) good health is more than not being illB) drinking, even if not to
9、 excess, could be harmfulC) regular health checks are essential to keeping fitD) prevention is more difficult than cure(B)64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” ifhe .A) does not have any unhealthy living habitsB) does not have any physical handicapsC) is able to handle his daily routinesD
10、) is free from any kind of disease(D)65. Aording to the author, the true meaning of“wellness” is for people .A) to best satisfy their bodys special needsB) to strive to maintain the best possible healthC) to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD) to keep a proper balance between work and le
11、isure(B)66. Aording to what the author advocates, which of thefollowing groups of people would be considered healthy?A) People who have strong muscles as well as slimfigures.B) People who are not presently experiencing anysymptoms of disease.C) People who try to be as possible, regardless oftheir li
12、mitations.D) People who can recover from illness even withoutseeking medical care.(C)这 篇文章讲述了当今社会“安康”概念的新开展。全文比拟少见地一共只有两大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的节选)，第一段开头介绍了当今社会人们医疗观念的转 变，即人们关注的焦点正在从治疗转变为预防。这一现象是众所周知的，作者可以借此不动声色地引出了文章的论题安康观念的转变问题。在此之后，作者立即 把笔锋指向正题，提出这种观念上的转变其实还可以探究得更为深入(The line of thought involved in this s
13、hift can bepursued further)。在第一段的其余局部，作者使用了一系列doesbut 句型，对一种安康状态进行了具体的描述，最后指出这种程度上的“安康”其实还有改善的余地(could be a lothealthier)。第一段完成了对一种安康但又不够安康的状态的具体描述，第二段开头那么指出传统观念未对 not ill(不得病)和 excellenthealth(身体极佳)进行区分，都称为安康(well)，那么读到这里，显然可以判断第一段描述的是 not ill 这一概念。此后作者提出一种观点，即只有那些积极努力保持和改善安康状态的人(who are actively s
14、triving to maintain and improvetheir health)才可称是“安康的”(well)或到达了“安康状态”(wellness)。之后作者分别对 well 和 wellness 作了具体的解释。62. C题目问当今的医疗正更为注重什么。这道题较为简单。文章开头说道：the focus of medical care in our society has beenshifting from curing disease to preventingdiseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthybeha
15、viors，意思是社会的医疗焦点正从治病变为防病，尤其是在改变人们不安康的行为方面。Shifting 是转变的意思，使用了进行时态，与题目中的 placing 一样，说明这种转变正在发生之中。而题目中的 more 一词可以表达出“转变”的含义。四个题支的意思是：A，使人们的身体状况保持安康状态。B，跟踪监控病人的身体机能。C，祛除人们坏的生活习惯。D，保证人们的心理安康。A 和 D 分别讲的生理安康和心理安康，在文中没有提到过心理安康问题，可以排除 D，而 A 所说的“保持安康状态”较为空泛，可以把第一段提到的治病(curing disease)和防病(preventingdisease)都包
16、括进去，但文中的转变恰恰是治病与防病之间的转变，这个意思在 A 中无法表达出来。B 专指病人(patients)，讲的是医生对病人的治疗问题，而全篇文章中心思想是无病的人如何才算得到真正的安康，与病人的治疗无关。C 讲的是祛除坏习惯，与 changing our many unhealthybehaviors 意思接近，unhealthy behviors 在很大程度上可以是不安康的生活习惯。63. A题目问在第一段中，人们受到何种教诲。A，好安康不仅仅是没有得病。第一段在上半局部指出在医疗焦点的转变问题上，可以讨论得更为深入一点(can be pursuedfurther)，而后以类似于汉语
17、里的排比句的形式列举了某种安康状态的具体表现，最后以 This person is not ill(无病)、thisperson could be a lot healthier(可以更安康)结尾，作者的意图非常好明显，好安康远不止是不得病。A 的说法正确。B，饮酒，即便不过量，也是对身体有害的。文中关于饮酒的表达是这样的：who drinks a few beers at home most nights butdoes not drive while drunk，意思是这个人多数夜晚都在家里喝些啤酒，但从不酒后驾车，a few beers 可以看做是没有过量的喝酒，否那么就会用 a lot
18、 of。第一段结尾对这个人的评价是 Thisperson is not ill，意即不算十分安康，但也不会得病。这句话说明作者没有把适度喝酒看做是不安康的行为，因此B 的说法不对。C，定期进行身体检查对保持安康是必要的。第一段中没有出现身体检查的内容。D，预防比治疗更加困难。文章提到预防与治疗是说人们在医疗上的关注点从治疗转变到了预防(from curing disease topreventing disease)，没有说哪一个更为困难。64. D题目问传统上讲，一个人在何种情况下会被视为“安康的”(well)。可以看到第二段在开头提到了传统安康观点：Thefield of medicine
19、 has not traditionally distinguishedbetween someone who is merely “not ill” and someone whois in excellent health and pays attention to the bodysspecial needs. Both types have simply been called“well.”。这个的主语是医学界(The field of medicine)，谓语是“未作区分”，而后使用了一个 betweenand 句型，引出未作区分的二个对象，第二个 and 之后的 pays 其主语依
20、然是医学界，因为它使用了第三人称单数形式，和前面的has 一致。副词traditionally 限定了这段描述的对象是传统医疗观点。这句话的意思是传统医学界未对仅仅“没有得病”和“十分安康”做出区分，而把注意力放在了身体的特殊需求上。这二种情况都被称作了安康。四个选项是：A，没有任何有害安康的生活习惯。根据文意，这应该是安康新观点的倡导之一。B，没有任何生理缺陷。第二段解释“well”观点时提到了handicap，原意是说一个人只要努力追求安康，即使具有生理缺陷也可以是 well。这里讲的安康新观点。B 的说法错误。C，能够处理好日常事务。文章最后一句话提到了dailylife，讲到 well
21、ness 会对 daily life 产生积极的影响，但这里的wellness 同样属于新观点。D，没有任何疾病。根据上面的分析，传统医学界没有就“没有得病”和“十分安康”做出区分，即二者完全相等，安康就是没有疾病。D 的说法正确。65. B题目问根据作者的说法，wellness 的真实含义是指人们要如何如何。第二段中间局部提到了某些安康专家的安康新观点，而后对well 和 wellness 分别进行了解释。对 wellness 是这样解释的：“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state thatpeople can achieve,
22、 but as an ideal that people can strivefor. People who are well are likely to be better able toresist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And byfocusing attention on healthy ways of living, the conceptof wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways inwhich people face the challenges o
23、f daily life。这段话较易理解，大意为：最好不要把 wellness 看做是一种人们能够到达的状态，而应该是一种努力追求的理想。安康的人更能够抵御疾病侵袭，或在染病时能更好地与疾病抗争。Wellness 的观念让人们把注意力集中在安康的生活方式上，在人们面对日常生活的挑战时，wellness 的观念可以施加有益的影响。A，最好地满足身体的特殊需求。第二段开头说到满足身体特殊需求(and pays attention to the bodys special needs)是传统医学界的观点，而不是新观点。B，努力保持可能的最正确的安康状态。文中把 wellness 定义为 an ide
24、al that people can strive for，strive for 是“努力到达”的意思，与 B 的表述一致。Ideal 是理想状况，可以理解为一种可能到达的最正确状况。B 的说法正确。C，满足身体安康的最为苛刻的标准。文章提到了wellness 是一种理想，暗含不容易到达的意思，但理想而不易到达的不见得就是最苛刻的。同时文中也没有提出任何“标准”。D，在工作和休闲之间保持良好的平衡。某权威机构给出的答案即是 D，应该是从文章最后一句话做出的判断。这句话意思是“Wellness 的观念让人们把注意力集中在安康的生活方式上，在人们面对日常生活的挑战时，wellness 的观念可以施
25、加有益的影响”。也就是说，如果人们承受了 wellness 这 种观念，就会更注重安康的生活方式，从而有利于人们应对日常生活的挑战。先看前半句，注重安康的生活方式，可以是不抽烟不喝酒，这与工作和休闲的关系无 关。再看后半句，日常生活的挑战有可能是工作中的难题，而通过适当的休闲来更有效的应对这些难题确实是可能的。但是，日常生活的挑战也可以不是工作，同 时，休闲也不见得就代表了 wellness。从哪个方面讲，D 的表述都无法说通。66. C题目问根据作者的主张，以下哪一种人将被视为是安康的。A，肌肉兴旺同时身材苗条。肌肉兴旺同时又能保持苗条身材，很难想象这是一种什么样的人。至少文中对此未作任何描
26、述。B， 当前没有任何疾病病症的人。没有疾病即 not ill，在第一段中已经 not ill 的状况做了详细的描述，这是传统医学界的观点，而在文章中作者倡导的一定是关于安康的新观点。C，尽全力追求安康的人，不管其自身有何局限。第二段中间局部曾讲到有缺陷的人也可以是安康的：Even people who have aphysical disease or handicap may be “well”，条件是 theymake an effort to maintain the best possible health theycan in the face of their physical
27、limitations，即便面对身体局限，也要尽可能地保持最正确安康状况。这一句话正好与C 的表述意思一致。D，无须求助于医疗就能从疾病中恢复的人。文章末尾局部在具体解释 wellness 时举的例子包括与 D 的说法类似的内容：Peoplewho are well are likely to be better able to resist diseaseand to fight disease when it strikes，意思是安康的人更能抵抗疾病侵袭(抗病力强，不易得病)，得病后能更好地对抗疾病。后半句与 D 所说的内容有关，与前文联系起来看就是 People who arewell are likely to be better able to fight disease when itstrikes(likely 是“很可能”的意思。and 后面的 to 一定是连接able，如果连接 likely，意思就是“很可能会去对抗疾病”，意思上讲不通)，这里仅仅是说可能会更好地与疾病抗争，没有说不求助于医疗就能恢复。从 likely(可能的)和 better(更好的)这些词的使用来看，作者所指的安康的人应该不是无须医疗而自愈的铁人。
