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1、The-Legend-of-Sleepy-The-Legend-of-Sleepy-Hollow(1)Hollow(1)n n“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” was written while Washington Irving was living in England. n nThe story takes place in a rural valley near Tarrytown. Constructed from German tales but set in America. n nThe story demonstrates the two quali
2、ties for which Irving is best known: his humor, and his ability to create vivid descriptive imagery.Ichabod Cranen nIchabod Crane, the protagonist, is a schoolteacher and singing instructor who has come to Sleepy Hollow from Connecticut. He is more educated and sophisticated than the native villager
3、s. He is quite fond of food, and is well fed by the neighboring housewives, who share his delight in telling and re-telling ghost stories. n nHe wants to marry Katrina not because he loves her, but because her father is wealthy and Crane admires the food that is always displayed in their home. n n在大
4、革命刚刚过去时,整个在大革命刚刚过去时,整个“ “睡谷睡谷” ”里最迷信的人可能就里最迷信的人可能就数乡村教师伊卡包德数乡村教师伊卡包德 克莱恩了。他个子又高又瘦,四克莱恩了。他个子又高又瘦,四肢长长的。他是个古怪的人,却很自负。肢长长的。他是个古怪的人,却很自负。他习惯过流动的生活,寄住在他的学生的农家住宅中。他习惯过流动的生活,寄住在他的学生的农家住宅中。由于他给当地带来了闲话题,另外还帮着干一些杂活,由于他给当地带来了闲话题,另外还帮着干一些杂活,家庭主妇们都挺欢迎他的定期来访。家庭主妇们都挺欢迎他的定期来访。他那些可怕的魔鬼故事也给漫漫的冬日夜晚带来了生气。他那些可怕的魔鬼故事也给漫漫
5、的冬日夜晚带来了生气。坐在温暖的壁炉边的嘛啪僻啪的柴火前面,听这种令人坐在温暖的壁炉边的嘛啪僻啪的柴火前面,听这种令人毛骨惊然的故事,自有一种恐惧的快乐。毛骨惊然的故事,自有一种恐惧的快乐。然而,他为了这种可怕的快乐,在晚上独自一人出门时,然而,他为了这种可怕的快乐,在晚上独自一人出门时,付出了多大的代价啊!一路上有骇人的幽灵来围攻,一付出了多大的代价啊!一路上有骇人的幽灵来围攻,一丛丛覆盖着雪花的灌木都是披着裹尸布的鬼怪。丛丛覆盖着雪花的灌木都是披着裹尸布的鬼怪。 n n在他每周的唱歌班上,有个殷实的农夫的独养女卡特琳在他每周的唱歌班上,有个殷实的农夫的独养女卡特琳娜娜 凡凡 塔塞尔。她漂亮
6、得出了名,又有可能继承大笔遗塔塞尔。她漂亮得出了名,又有可能继承大笔遗产,着了迷的伊卡包德成了她的热情追求者。产,着了迷的伊卡包德成了她的热情追求者。他贪婪地查看了她父亲富饶的牧场,谷物充盈的粮仓,他贪婪地查看了她父亲富饶的牧场,谷物充盈的粮仓,斜面屋顶的农庄大住宅,里面有红木旧家具和银器,所斜面屋顶的农庄大住宅,里面有红木旧家具和银器,所有这些丰富的财产,使伊卡包德一心渴望得到这个举世有这些丰富的财产,使伊卡包德一心渴望得到这个举世无双的卡特琳娜。无双的卡特琳娜。 n n以利的儿妇非尼哈的妻怀孕将到产期,他听见神的约柜被掳去,公公和丈夫都死了,就猛然疼痛,曲身生产。将要死的时候,旁边站着的妇
7、人们对他说,不要怕,你生了男孩子了;他却不回答,也不放在心上。他给孩于起名叫以迦博,说,荣耀离开以色列了;这是因神的约柜被掳去,又囚他公公和丈夫都死了。他又说,荣耀离开以色列,因为神的约柜被掳去了。 Abraham Van Bruntn nBrom Bones is Cranes chief rival for Katrinas affections, and is in every way Cranes opposite. He is large, strong, rough, humorous, well-known for his skill as a horseman. n n在克莱恩
8、的众多情敌中,最可怕的是顽皮的布罗姆,因为他的体魄魁梧强壮,浑名又叫鲸骨架布罗姆。他是这一带远近闻名的人物,大家都知道他身手非凡,大胆鲁莽。他是一个不顾死活的骑手,在乡村的各项运动比赛中都是最棒的,还随时准备打架或者寻事儿。n n由于伊卡包德狡猾地避开了一场拼体力的搏斗,他就成了布罗姆和他那帮好友胡搅蛮缠的对象。他们用烟熏他的唱歌学校,冲进去把校舍搅得天翻地覆。更糟糕的是,他们让一条恶狗呜呜哀叫,像是一个唱对台戏的教员在对着美丽的卡特琳娜唱赞美诗。Katrina Van Tasseln nKatrina is the 18-year-old daughter of Baltus Van Tas
9、sel. She is beautifully plump and rosy-cheeked, and always dresses to enhance and emphasize her attractiveness. She does nothing to encourage or discourage Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones from flirting with her. But when Crane presses for a commitment, she sends him away, and soon after marries Brom.He
10、adless Horsemann nThe man who became the Headless Horseman was a Hessian mercenary hired by the British Army in 1776 in order to assist British soldiers in the Revolutionary War. Among the 548 Hessian mercenaries who lost their lives in that war, he was killed in battle near Sleepy Hollow when his h
11、ead was blown off by a cannonball. According to local legend, the Horseman returned in spirit form to take the heads of the living. 故事结局故事结局n n一个晴朗的秋天的下午,一个信使带来了晚上去凡一个晴朗的秋天的下午,一个信使带来了晚上去凡 塔塔塞尔家参加聚会的邀请。伊卡包德把他惟一一套褪了色塞尔家参加聚会的邀请。伊卡包德把他惟一一套褪了色的黑衣服刷过一遍,立刻策马前去了,就像一个前去应的黑衣服刷过一遍,立刻策马前去了,就像一个前去应美丽的女士之邀的英勇的骑土。
12、美丽的女士之邀的英勇的骑土。“ “黑火药黑火药” ”是一匹瘦骨鳞峋的耕地老马,是伊卡包德从他是一匹瘦骨鳞峋的耕地老马,是伊卡包德从他寄宿的那家农民那儿借来的,这匹马配他瘦长的体型正寄宿的那家农民那儿借来的,这匹马配他瘦长的体型正合适。他一路颠簸,慢吞吞往前走,来到凡合适。他一路颠簸,慢吞吞往前走,来到凡 塔塞尔家塔塞尔家时已日落西山,邻近的乡亲们都早已聚在那儿了。时已日落西山,邻近的乡亲们都早已聚在那儿了。可是,让伊卡包德倾倒的不是那些丰满漂亮的姑娘,而可是,让伊卡包德倾倒的不是那些丰满漂亮的姑娘,而是晚餐桌上奢侈丰盛的佳肴。多么诱人的火腿和鸡啊,是晚餐桌上奢侈丰盛的佳肴。多么诱人的火腿和鸡啊
13、,还有满满的一盘盘的炸面圈、油煎饼和姜饼。这顿晚餐还有满满的一盘盘的炸面圈、油煎饼和姜饼。这顿晚餐使伊卡包德饕餮的食欲得到了大大的满足,他一边儿吃,使伊卡包德饕餮的食欲得到了大大的满足,他一边儿吃,一边儿得意洋洋地想,有朝一天他可能会是这些丰盛的一边儿得意洋洋地想,有朝一天他可能会是这些丰盛的佳肴的主人。佳肴的主人。n n不一会儿,小提琴声在招呼大家去跳舞了。伊卡包德的不一会儿,小提琴声在招呼大家去跳舞了。伊卡包德的舞伴是卡特琳娜,她对他挤眉弄眼的求爱报以亲切的微舞伴是卡特琳娜,她对他挤眉弄眼的求爱报以亲切的微笑。身子瘦长但挺灵活的伊卡包德洋洋得意地跳来蹦去,笑。身子瘦长但挺灵活的伊卡包德洋洋
14、得意地跳来蹦去,鲸骨架布罗姆妒忌得心头发疼,阴沉沉地站在远处。鲸骨架布罗姆妒忌得心头发疼,阴沉沉地站在远处。后来,伊卡包德加入到一些较贤明的人当中,他们坐在后来,伊卡包德加入到一些较贤明的人当中,他们坐在那儿抽烟,讲着鬼怪的故事,也讲到了夜里把马挂在教那儿抽烟,讲着鬼怪的故事,也讲到了夜里把马挂在教堂墓地的那个无头骑土。连鲸骨架布罗姆也证实说,有堂墓地的那个无头骑土。连鲸骨架布罗姆也证实说,有一次他突然遇到了那个半夜骑马者,他和他一起拼命地一次他突然遇到了那个半夜骑马者,他和他一起拼命地跑到教堂的桥边,骑马者才在火光一闪中消失了。跑到教堂的桥边,骑马者才在火光一闪中消失了。后来,狂欢结束了,伊
15、卡包德迟迟不肯离去,等待着惯后来,狂欢结束了,伊卡包德迟迟不肯离去,等待着惯常的情人交谈。他和那位女继承人究竟说了些什么,从常的情人交谈。他和那位女继承人究竟说了些什么,从来没有人知道,但他最后出来时满脸沮丧,闷闷不乐。来没有人知道,但他最后出来时满脸沮丧,闷闷不乐。难道卡特琳娜的鼓励只不过是卖弄风情的花招,好使自难道卡特琳娜的鼓励只不过是卖弄风情的花招,好使自己牢牢地征服伊卡包德的对手?己牢牢地征服伊卡包德的对手?n n近鬼魂出没的午夜时分,垂头丧气的伊卡包德独自一人近鬼魂出没的午夜时分,垂头丧气的伊卡包德独自一人回家了。那天晚上所讲的鬼怪的故事老是萦回在他脑际。回家了。那天晚上所讲的鬼怪的
16、故事老是萦回在他脑际。夜色更浓,天更黑了,他走到了荒凉的教堂墓地夜色更浓,天更黑了,他走到了荒凉的教堂墓地许许多故事中讲到的这阴森森的地方。突然,只听见树叶摇多故事中讲到的这阴森森的地方。突然,只听见树叶摇曳的一片寂静之中,传来了一阵马蹄声。一个奇形怪状曳的一片寂静之中,传来了一阵马蹄声。一个奇形怪状的庞然大物在重重暗影中阴森森地逼了过来。的庞然大物在重重暗影中阴森森地逼了过来。吓得浑身哆味的伊卡包德猛地向前冲去,但那个巨大而吓得浑身哆味的伊卡包德猛地向前冲去,但那个巨大而神秘的怪物紧紧跟随着他。这时,月光穿过云层照下来,神秘的怪物紧紧跟随着他。这时,月光穿过云层照下来,才看出原来就是那无头骑
17、士!伊卡包德吓得半死不活,才看出原来就是那无头骑士!伊卡包德吓得半死不活,把头理在马鞍的前鞍上。把头理在马鞍的前鞍上。他们在飞奔着,伊卡包德疯狂地踢着他们在飞奔着,伊卡包德疯狂地踢着“ “黑火药黑火药” ”,凶恶的,凶恶的骑马者在他后面疾速飞奔。骑马者在他后面疾速飞奔。n n他们跑到了闹鬼的大路上,转入了他们跑到了闹鬼的大路上,转入了“ “睡谷睡谷” ”,伊卡包德的,伊卡包德的马鞍的肚带断了。他紧紧抱住马脖子,马鞍从他身子下马鞍的肚带断了。他紧紧抱住马脖子,马鞍从他身子下面滑落了,他仍然一个劲儿往前奔,那个幽灵似的骑马面滑落了,他仍然一个劲儿往前奔,那个幽灵似的骑马者仍紧追着他不放。者仍紧追着
18、他不放。鲸骨架布罗姆讲的故事中提到的鬼魂消失的教堂桥就在鲸骨架布罗姆讲的故事中提到的鬼魂消失的教堂桥就在前面,转眼间,老前面,转眼间,老“ “黑火药黑火药” ”噔噔噔噔地越过了发着巨响噔噔噔噔地越过了发着巨响的桥板。的桥板。伊卡包德这时回头一瞥,只见那鬼怪正要把他的头扔过伊卡包德这时回头一瞥,只见那鬼怪正要把他的头扔过来。来。一个可怕的投掷物落在伊卡包德的脑袋上,他一头栽在一个可怕的投掷物落在伊卡包德的脑袋上,他一头栽在路上。路上。“ “黑火药黑火药” ”和幽灵似的骑马者都疾驰而去了。和幽灵似的骑马者都疾驰而去了。n n第二天早晨,人们看到那匹没有马鞍的老马在它的主人门前吃草。但伊卡包德不见了
19、!在教堂的路旁找到了马鞍。再往前走几步,见到了那个不幸的教师的被人踩过的帽子帽子旁边,有个摔破的南瓜!整个地区的人都被惊动了。大家想起了鲸骨架布罗姆的故事和其他怪诞的故事,善良的人们明智地得出结论:伊卡包德是被无头骑士带走了。不久,学校搬到了鬼怪不常出现的地方。另一位教师来主管学校,伊卡包德已成为传说。n n几年后,一位老农民从纽约回来,说伊卡包德还活着,几年后,一位老农民从纽约回来,说伊卡包德还活着,他是因为害怕鬼魂和遭到了女继承人的拒绝而感到苦恼他是因为害怕鬼魂和遭到了女继承人的拒绝而感到苦恼才逃走的。他在另一个地方教书,学习法律,成为十镑才逃走的。他在另一个地方教书,学习法律,成为十镑法
20、庭的法官。法庭的法官。鲸骨架布罗姆在他的情敌失踪后不久,就娶了年轻漂亮鲸骨架布罗姆在他的情敌失踪后不久,就娶了年轻漂亮的卡特琳娜,每当讲起伊卡包德的故事时,他看来是心的卡特琳娜,每当讲起伊卡包德的故事时,他看来是心照不宣。一提起那个南瓜,他总是开怀大笑,让人怀疑照不宣。一提起那个南瓜,他总是开怀大笑,让人怀疑他对这件事情的了解要比他说出来的多一些。他对这件事情的了解要比他说出来的多一些。不过,乡村的老妇们至今还是坚持说,伊卡包德是被无不过,乡村的老妇们至今还是坚持说,伊卡包德是被无头骑士偷偷拐走了。头骑士偷偷拐走了。“ “睡谷睡谷” ”的人们仍然围在冬日的炉边,的人们仍然围在冬日的炉边,讲述着
21、许多有关这位教师的可怕的故事。讲述着许多有关这位教师的可怕的故事。Analysis of the themesn n1. In this story, the Sleepy Hollow is described as “little nooks of still water which border a rapid stream.” Living in such a place, Brom Bones represents the old, the traditional, or the local. n nIchabod is from Connecticut, “a State whic
22、h supplies the Nation with pioneer for the mind as well as for the forest, and sends froth yearly its legions of frontier woodsmen and country schoolmaster.” Therefore, Ichabod is a representative of the new or the foreign. When Brom Bones drives Ichabod away from the Sleepy Hollow, it represents th
23、e victory of the old or the local over the new or the foreign. n n2. Some maintain that the conflict between Ichabod and Brom Bones represents a nation trying to establish an identity at home and abroad. Ichabod is a bookworm and has the bookworm traits such as frailty and cowardice. He symbolizes t
24、he old world. n nBroom is brute and rustic but not without his cleverness and mischief. He symbolizes the New World. Therefore, the struggle between them represents the struggle between the Old World and the New World, with the New World as the final winner. n nSome other experts think that Ichabod
25、represents imagination. Brom Bones, is the representative of reason and rational thinking. Irving believed that by mixing reason and imagination, double success could be achieved. In order to show the possibility and the benefits of mixing these two, Irving lets Ichabod and Brom fight for a woman. B
26、rom succeeds to capture Katrinas heart; yet, as the novel run towards the end, the reader realizes that Ichabod, as he gets a job as a justice, is the one succeeding in other areas of life. n nStill some other experts think that the theme of this story is that greed is a major threat to an American
27、dream of rural abundance and simple contentedness. The community of Sleepy Hollow is described as a paradise: simple, pleasant, drowsy, and untouched. The destroyer of this paradise is Ichabod, with his insatiable appetite and his constant pursuit of means to feed this appetite. Cranes eventual defeat by Brom Bones demonstrates the victory of the peaceful rural community over the greed of the potential exploiter. 结束结束