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1、学习必备欢迎下载(外研版)初中英语笔记初二 (上)Module 1 how to learn English 1. Why don t (you) do 是用来表示提出某种建议。如:-Why dont we drive to the park? -OK. /All right. /That s a good idea. 当我们提建议时,还可以使用其他句型:Why not take a walk in the park? What /How about going to Europe for a holiday? 2. else “其他”,一般用在疑问词或某些代词之后,如:Who else di
2、d you see at the meeting? Does anyone else want to read this book? 3. It s a good idea to do “做是个好主意”4. paper, advice作不可数名词,表达 “一张纸” 、“一条建议”可用 a piece of paper和 a piece of advice 。几张或几条则用:基数词+pieces of5. try (not) to do“尝试(不)做 ”You should try to eat more fruit. 6. remember to do sth. 记得做某事Remember t
3、o bring something to drink. 7. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事I forget to call him. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载8. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事。The teacher asked us to come to school on time. 9. enjoy oneself =have a good time =have fun 玩得愉快Module 2 experiences 1.
4、 现在完成时: have/ has+ 动词的过去分词用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情,这种行为对目前有某种影响; 还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情 ; 要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,也可用现在完成时表示。如:I have seen the film. I don t want to see it again. I have never visited the USA. I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:yet, never, ever (用于疑问句或否定句中) ;alread
5、y, just, recently ( 用于肯定句中 )。They re just heard a message from a spaceraft. 对一段时间的提问:how long回答: since+时间点或 for+一段时间-How long have you lived in Beijing ? -Since 2008./ For four years. 在现在完成时中,点动词(非延续性动词)一般不与表示延续精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载的时间状语连用。非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动
6、词延续性动词come back be back leave be away buy have learn know borrow keep put on wear die be dead marry be marry I borrowed the book three weeks ago. 改为:I have kept the book for three weeks. 点动词的谓语动词是否定形式,则可与表示一段时间的for 短语连用。如:My parents haven t seen me for two years. 过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词的过去式形式相同,但不规则动词的变化无规律
7、,如:see sawseen, send sentsent, be was/werebeen, breakbrokebroken, keep keptkept, have/has hadhad, buy boughtbought, makemademade, go wentgone, do diddone. 2. have been in “一直呆在某个地方” ,与时间状语连用。They have been in Beijing for two weeks. have been to “去过某地,已经回来” 。-Have you ever been to London? 精选学习资料 - -
8、- - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载-Yes, I have./ No, I haven t. has gone to “去了某地,还没回来” ,常用于第三人称。My father has gone to Wuhan, and he ll be back this weekend. Module 3 journey to space 无Module 4 education 1. get on (well) with sb./sth. “和相处(融洽)” 或 “进展 (好) ” 。He doesn t get on well
9、 with his parents. 2. eight-year-old为合成形容词,一般要用连字符连接起来, 而且,year也不用复数形式。如:an 80-page book 一本 80 页的书a three-room apartment 三室的套房3. with the help of 表示“在 的帮助下;借助于”。如:They worked out the maths problem with the help of the teacher. 4. because “因为” ,后接从句;because of “因为” ,后接名词或名词短语。He didn t go to the park
10、 because it rained. He didn t go to the park because of the rain. 5. look after=take care of “照顾”Who will look after the baby? 6. pay for “支付”7. borrow from “ 从借来” ;len 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载Module 5 western music 1. 反意疑问句:助动词 /系动词 be+主语(代词)它的构成是前肯后否,前否后肯。-
11、You aren t a teacher, are you? 你不是老师吧?-Oh yes, I am a teacher. 不,我是老师。-He didn t come to the meeting, did he ?他没来开会,是吧?-No, he didn t.对,他没来。陈述句部分有否定意义的词,反意疑问句要用肯定式。如:never, no one, few, little, hardly, nothing 2.“使某人怎么样”: make sb. do sth. make sb. + 形容词Sad films always make me cry. His waltzs made h
12、im famous all over Europe. 3. not onlybut also“不仅 而且”She not only sang, but also danced. Module 6 a famous story 1. 过去进行时: was/were+v.-ing 一般来说,表示在过去某一时间正在发生的动作,都可以用过去进行时。如:I didn t hear the phone. My father was watching TV then. 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 14
13、 页学习必备欢迎下载at the time, at five yesterday, then, at this time yesterday, last night, the whole morning2. what for?=why? 为什么。如:What do we go to school for? Why do we go to school? 3. be doing when 表示一个动作在进行, 另一个动作又发生了。如:They were working in the fields when it began to rain. 4. in the tree 表示人、鸟等外来物在树上
14、;on the tree 表示花、果实长在树上。5. smile at 对微笑。6. get +形容词: “变得”The weather is getting cold. 7. 复合不定代词: something, nothing, everything, anything 如果形容词修饰这些复合不定代词,形容词置于后面。如:nothing strange 8. 动词不定式 to do 作后置定语时,可修饰复合不定代词。如:nothing to do 9. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 (习惯性或经常性 ) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 (正在做
15、 ) 如: I saw she enter the house. I saw he playing basketball. (类似的有 hear, feel, watch, notice.) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载10. go across=cross “穿过” ,强调穿过某一平面(田野、桥等) 。through 从某一空间内穿过。(门 gate、深林 forest)past 从某事物的一旁经过over 从平面的一边到另一边或越过某个高度along/ down 表示沿着(街道、河流等)1
16、1. not until 直到才12. too many+可数名词“太多” ,too many people too much +不可数名词“太多” ,too much music much too+形容词“太” much too hot 13. have to do sth. 必须做某事I had to stay at home to look after her. 14. too to /enough to “太而不能”The boy is too young to go to school. The boy isn t old enough to go school. Module 7
17、feeling and impressions 1. 表感觉和知觉的系动词:feel, look, touch, smell, sound, taste 后接形容词。Does the party sound noisy? The cake doesn t taste delicious. He looks angry. The shirt feels soft. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载2. hear from 收到 的来信。宾语为人We haven t heard from her fo
18、r ages. How we miss her. “ 收到的来信” 还可这样表达: get/receive a letter form sb. hear of /hear about 听说;听到3. What does sb. look like? 询问外貌4. be afraid +从句 “害怕 ”I m afraid that you can t go with me. be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事” (没有勇气,不敢做 ) He was afraid to go out alone at night. be afraid of doing“害怕做某事” (害怕某
19、事发生在自己头上,有可能发生,也有可能不发生) He is afraid of falling into the river. be afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人某事。I m not afraid of you. 5. be proud of 为而自豪Her parents are proud of her. be proud to do 为做某事而感到自豪6. be / get angry with sb. 生某人的气I got angry with myself. 7. agree with sb./sth. 赞同某人某事8. can t wait to do sth.
20、 迫不及待地想做某事The fans can t wait to see their favorite pop star. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载9.“ 也” 。too 用于口语(肯定句中),置于句末,用“,”隔开。Nice to meet you, too. either 用于否定句中。She can t speak Chinese and her husband can t, either. also 用于实义动词之前,系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。He is also a sing
21、er. as well 用于肯定句句末。She can dance and she can sing as well. 10. are n t being are being 不是而是They aren t being friendly they are polite. 11. thanks /thank you for +n./ v-ing. 感谢. Thank you for lovely present. Thank you for coming. 12. a bit 与 a little “有点”同:a bit/ a little +adj./adv. 异:a little+ 不可数名
22、词:a little milk a bit of+不可数名词:a bit of milk Module 8 around town 1. 方位表达方式,常用的方位介词:on the left/ right 在左边/右边精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载next to 与紧挨着opposite 在对面on the corner of 在拐角处between and在和之间in the middle of 在中间crossing 十字路口例句:The bank is next to the market
23、. The supermarket is opposite the restaurant. Take the third turning on the left. Module 9 animals in danger 1. 动词不定式:(可作主语、宾语、补语、表语、状语、定语)结构为“ (not) to+动词原形”(有时可不带 to) 。To see is to believe./ It is a good idea to bring your camera. I want to have a drink. She told me to buy a ticket. Our duty today
24、 is clean the floor. He got up early to catch the first bus. I have a lot of homework to do. 2. 常见的动词不定式的语用功能:后接 to+动词原形作宾语的有: want, hope, plan, decide, try, agree, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载offer, like, love多表示将来的行为。如 ; I tried to understand the words,. it is
25、 to do sth. 做某事怎么样It s good to get up early in the morning. sb. be +形容词 +to do 表示某人对某件事情的态度。I was surprised to hear that news. sth. be +形容词+to do表某一事物的某种属性。These apples are not good to eat. . 3. in danger 处于险境;处于危险之中The girl is very ill and her life is in danger. 4. take away 把带走;减去If you take 4 awa
26、y from 12, you get 8. 5. live on 以为生; (靠吃 )维持生命。Sheep live on grass. 6. a long way to go 路还很长;还需要努力。I ve got the first prize. But I know I ve got a long way to go. 7. 比较级 +and+比较级: 越来越 longer and longer 8. enough做形容词, “充足的;足够的”,在句中做定语或表语,做定语时放在修饰词之前。We have enough time to finish the work. 精选学习资料 - -
27、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载enough做副词时,修饰形容词、 副词或动词, 放在修饰词之后。Are you warm enough in such a light jacket? 9. such as与 for example “例如”,前者用于举多个例子,无逗号隔开。如:Many animals in danger such as tigers, whales, turtles. Module 10 Lao She Teahouse 1. 双宾语:“动词 +人+物”或“动词 +物+to/for+人” ,其中
28、,人称为间接宾语,物为直接宾语。如:My brother bought me some storybooks. My brother bought some storybooks for me. 常见的接双宾语的动词:give,bring, lend, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sellfor 表示“为某人”;如:buy sb. sth. =buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. =cook sth. for sb. read sb. sth. =read sth. for sb. . to 表示“给某人”;如:give s
29、b. sth. =give sth. to sb. (其他 bring,lend,hand,send ,show,leave,teach,sell, offer) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载2. introduce sb. / sth. to sb. 向某人介绍 Can you introduce yourself to us in English? 3. take place 发生4. give a welcome 欢迎Module 11 the weather 1. 情态动词 may/
30、might:表示一般将来的可能性,might 的可能性比may 的可能性小。如:Bring your swimsuit because you might want to swim in the sea. I may go to England one day. 2. 其他表形容词和副词:It is possible thatIt is possible to do sth. 主语+will probably/ possibly +v. (probably 的可能性比 possibly的可能性大 ) 3. had better do sth. 最好做某事。better get going相当于
31、 had better go “最好现在去 /走”4. take photos of “给拍照”She took a lot of photos of the kids. 5. from time to time= sometimes 有时6. 表天气名词 +y 结尾构成其形容词形式。如:cloudcloudy, rainrainy, snowsnowy, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载windwindy, sunsunny, fogfoggy, Module 12 traditional l
32、ife 1. 情态动词 must, can must 表示“必须做某事”,含主观看法。mustn t 表示“禁止做某事”。-Must I get up early? -Yes, you must. -No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to. can 表示允许;can t 表示“不能;不要”,即不允许。You can go and see the lion dance. -May I open the window? -Yes, you may. / No, you can t. 2. accept 与 receive “收到” , receive表收到但不一定接受。如:She received a present, but she didn t accept it. 3. be different from 与不同Births English is different from American English. 4. shake hands with sb. 与某人握手精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 14 页