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1、Unit-2-EducationUnit-2-Education剖析剖析Introduction Introductory Questions 1. Who is Bill Gates? What do you know about him? 2. What do you think of school education? What role does it play in your life? 3. What should you do to make the best use of college education?About the author: Bill GatesBill Ga
2、tes, one of the founders of the world-famous Microsoft Company, was once a drop-out of Harvard University.Born on Oct. 28, 1955.OutlineParagraphMain IdeaParas.Paras. Paras. Paras.Paras.1-34-910-181920-21General advice about educationAdvice about whether it is ok to drop out ofhigh school or collegeA
3、dvice about receiving broad education in high school and collegeAdvice about when to choose a specialityAdvice about what high school students should learnPara 1 3Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether its OK to dr
4、op out of college since thats what I did.A smaller number of parents send messages, often poignant, seeking guidance for their son or daughter. “How can we steer our child toward success?” they ask.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school
5、 and college. Learn how to learn. Its true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a life
6、time. And even then they should reconsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Paras 4 5Paras 6 8I
7、 finished high school!The computer industry has lots of people who didnt finish college, but Im not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school.In my companys early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened to drop out of high school to work full
8、-time. We told him no.Paras 9 10Quite a few of our people didnt finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.College isnt the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book d
9、oesnt automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book. Education should be broad, although its fine to have deep interests, too.Paras 11 12In high school there were periods when I was highl
10、y focused on writing software, but for most of my high-school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and Im grateful that they did.Although I attended a lot of different kinds of classes in college, I signed up for only one computer class the whole time. I read abou
11、t all kinds of things.Paras 13 14One parent wrote to me that her 15-year-old son “lost himself in the hole of the computer.” He got an A in Web site design, but his other grades were sinking, she said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly ma
12、th, history, various sciences and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group dynamics. Its fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth.Paras 15 17I think kids sometimes trap themselves into a narrow i
13、dentity. I wonder if theyve just decided, “OK, Im the person whos good at accounting.”A friend asks, “Hey, what have you been reading?”“Well, Im reading about accounting.”Para 18Its just their sort of self-definition, and its probably comfortable for them. But its unfortunate if it comes at the sacr
14、ifice of learning about the broader world, or learning to work cooperatively. Im as impressed as the next person is when an 11-year-old can do calculus and is learning to think logically. But a kid who is reading about Robison Crusoe is thinking logically, too. Its not completely different.Para 19In
15、 college, its appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success unless the specialty ends up being a dead end or youre not good at it. Graduate school is one way to get specialized knowledge, although extended college education isnt always a
16、 good investment from a purely economic standpoint.Paras 20 21Choosing a specialty isnt something high-school students should worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic start. Theres not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and success in later life, of course.B
17、ut its a real mistake not to take the opportunity to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high school, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college. Complete the summary according to the text. Many students as well as their parents wrote to Bill Gates t
18、o seek _ about what students should learn and whether it is OK to _ high school or college. In response, Bill Gates states that students should finish _, at least, _. He also points out that it is a mistake for high school students to develop a deep _ in a certain subject at the expense of receiving
19、 a _ education. Instead, students should _ high school and college education to learn _ and _. Once the foundation is solidly laid, its appropriate for college students to consider _ as getting _ in an area of interest can result in success. Complete the summary according to the text. Many students
20、as well as their parents wrote to Bill Gates to seek _ about what students should learn and whether it is OK to _ high school or college. In response, Bill Gates states that students should finish _, at least, _. He also points out that it is a mistake for high school students to develop a deep _ in
21、 a certain subject at the expense of receiving a _ education. Instead, students should _ high school and college education to learn _ and _. Once the foundation is solidly laid, its appropriate for college students to consider _ as getting _ in an area of interest can result in success. advice/guida
22、ncedrop out ofcollegehigh schoolinterestbroadertake advantage ofbroadlycooperativelyspecializationexpertise我的忠告：我的忠告：接受良好、广泛的教育接受良好、广泛的教育第一至第三段第一至第三段每年，成百上千的学生给我发电子邮件，询问教育方面的问题。每年，成百上千的学生给我发电子邮件，询问教育方面的问题。他们想知道学些什么，或者从大学退学是否值得，因为我曾经他们想知道学些什么，或者从大学退学是否值得，因为我曾经这么干过。这么干过。有一小部分家长给我写信，他们常常是语气迫切，寻求教育他有一小部
23、分家长给我写信，他们常常是语气迫切，寻求教育他们的儿子或女儿的指导。们的儿子或女儿的指导。“我们如何才能引导孩子获得成功呢？我们如何才能引导孩子获得成功呢？”他们问道。他们问道。我的基本忠告很简单，但却是真心诚意的：尽可能接受最好的我的基本忠告很简单，但却是真心诚意的：尽可能接受最好的教育，充分利用高中和大学的学习机会，学会如何学习。教育，充分利用高中和大学的学习机会，学会如何学习。第四段至第五段第四段至第五段不错，为创办微软公司，我曾从大学退学。但在此前，我在哈不错，为创办微软公司，我曾从大学退学。但在此前，我在哈佛大学学习了三年，而且我很想能有时间重回学校。就像我以佛大学学习了三年，而且我
24、很想能有时间重回学校。就像我以前曾经说过的那样，除非认为自己遇上了千载难逢的机会，否前曾经说过的那样，除非认为自己遇上了千载难逢的机会，否则任何人都不应从大学中途退学。即便如此，也应该三思而后则任何人都不应从大学中途退学。即便如此，也应该三思而后行。行。凯茜凯茜克利特兰特，是俄亥俄州一名六年级的老师。她在来信中克利特兰特，是俄亥俄州一名六年级的老师。她在来信中写到，写到，“我的好几个学生声称，你连高中都没有读完。因为你获我的好几个学生声称，你连高中都没有读完。因为你获得了成功，他们以此为由不那么在乎接受良好的教育。得了成功，他们以此为由不那么在乎接受良好的教育。”第六段至第八段第六段至第八段我
25、读完了高中！我读完了高中！从事计算机行业的许多人没有读完大学，但我还没有听说过连从事计算机行业的许多人没有读完大学，但我还没有听说过连高中都没读完的人也成功了的事。高中都没读完的人也成功了的事。在公司刚成立的那几年里，我们有一个聪明的兼职编程员，他在公司刚成立的那几年里，我们有一个聪明的兼职编程员，他扬言要从高中退学，做全职编程员。我们告诉他不要退学。扬言要从高中退学，做全职编程员。我们告诉他不要退学。第九段至第十段第九段至第十段虽然我们公司有不少人没有读完大学，但我们不鼓励退学。对虽然我们公司有不少人没有读完大学，但我们不鼓励退学。对于想在我们这儿工作的人而言，拥有一张文凭将对他有用。于想在
26、我们这儿工作的人而言，拥有一张文凭将对他有用。大学不是唯一拥有信息的地方。你可以在图书馆学习，但某人大学不是唯一拥有信息的地方。你可以在图书馆学习，但某人交给你一本书并不是就自动增长了你的知识。你需要和大家一交给你一本书并不是就自动增长了你的知识。你需要和大家一起学习，提出问题，尝试你的想法，考验你的能力。这不是一起学习，提出问题，尝试你的想法，考验你的能力。这不是一本书所能够做到的。教育的面应该广些，但能有所专攻当然也本书所能够做到的。教育的面应该广些，但能有所专攻当然也可以。可以。第十一段至第十二段第十一段至第十二段在高中时，我曾一度一门心思扑在编写软件上，但高中的大多在高中时，我曾一度一
27、门心思扑在编写软件上，但高中的大多数时间，我的学习兴趣非常广泛。我的父母鼓励我全面发展，数时间，我的学习兴趣非常广泛。我的父母鼓励我全面发展，我很感激他们这样做。我很感激他们这样做。虽然我在大学上了很多种不同的课，但自始至终只报名学习了虽然我在大学上了很多种不同的课，但自始至终只报名学习了一门计算机课程。各种各样的书我都读。一门计算机课程。各种各样的书我都读。第十三段至第十四段第十三段至第十四段一个母亲给我来信说，她一个母亲给我来信说，她15岁的儿子岁的儿子“陷在计算机中不能自拔陷在计算机中不能自拔”。她说，他的网站设计课成绩得了她说，他的网站设计课成绩得了A，但其他科的分数却一直在，但其他科
28、的分数却一直在下降。下降。这个孩子在犯一个错误。高中和大学为你提供了广泛学习的最这个孩子在犯一个错误。高中和大学为你提供了广泛学习的最好机会好机会数学、历史、各种自然科学数学、历史、各种自然科学以及与其他孩子一以及与其他孩子一起完成项目。这个过程将让你直接懂得团队的力量。对计算机、起完成项目。这个过程将让你直接懂得团队的力量。对计算机、舞蹈、语言或者任何一门学科有浓厚的兴趣都很好，但要是对舞蹈、语言或者任何一门学科有浓厚的兴趣都很好，但要是对你学习的广度造成损伤，却是不妥的。你学习的广度造成损伤，却是不妥的。第十五段至第十七段第十五段至第十七段我觉得，孩子们有时往往把自己的个性限定在一个狭窄的
29、范围我觉得，孩子们有时往往把自己的个性限定在一个狭窄的范围之内。我怀疑他们是不是就这样认定了，之内。我怀疑他们是不是就这样认定了，“好吧，我是擅长做会好吧，我是擅长做会计的人。计的人。”一个朋友问道，一个朋友问道，“嗨，你在看什么书呢？嗨，你在看什么书呢？”他说，他说，“哦，我在看会计方面的书。哦，我在看会计方面的书。”第十八段第十八段这只是他们的自我界定，这也许让他们自己感觉良好，但是如这只是他们的自我界定，这也许让他们自己感觉良好，但是如果以放弃了解大千世界和学会协同工作的机会作为代价，那就果以放弃了解大千世界和学会协同工作的机会作为代价，那就太不幸了。如果一个太不幸了。如果一个11岁的孩
30、子会做微积分，学习逻辑思维，岁的孩子会做微积分，学习逻辑思维，我会和别人一样感到印象深刻。但是一个读鲁宾逊漂流记我会和别人一样感到印象深刻。但是一个读鲁宾逊漂流记的孩子同样在运用逻辑思维。这两者并非截然不同。的孩子同样在运用逻辑思维。这两者并非截然不同。第十九段第十九段在大学里考虑专门化是合适的。在感兴趣的领域获取真正的专在大学里考虑专门化是合适的。在感兴趣的领域获取真正的专业知识将促成你的成功业知识将促成你的成功除非这个专业最后证明是个死胡同，除非这个专业最后证明是个死胡同，或者你自己不精于此。读研究生是获取专业知识的一种方法，或者你自己不精于此。读研究生是获取专业知识的一种方法，但从纯经济
31、的角度来看，过长的大学教育并不总是一个好的投但从纯经济的角度来看，过长的大学教育并不总是一个好的投资。资。第二十段至第二十一段第二十段至第二十一段选专业不是高中生应该操心的，他们应该考虑在学业上有一个选专业不是高中生应该操心的，他们应该考虑在学业上有一个扎扎实实的开头。当然，高中的学习态度和以后的成功并没有扎扎实实的开头。当然，高中的学习态度和以后的成功并没有百分之百的关联。百分之百的关联。但是，如果在高中时不好好把握机会，学习许许多多的课程，但是，如果在高中时不好好把握机会，学习许许多多的课程，学会与他人一起合作，拿到能让你上大学的分数，那就是一个学会与他人一起合作，拿到能让你上大学的分数，
32、那就是一个真正的错误。真正的错误。Paras 1 3Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether its OK to drop out of college since thats what I did.A smaller number of parents send messages, often poignant, seeking guidance for their son or dau
33、ghter. “How can we steer our child toward success?” they ask.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.steer v.to guide someones behavior or the way a situation develops to control the direction of a vehicle
34、 Its true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should r
35、econsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Paras 4 5Microsoft Software Company Microsoft had re
36、venues of US$51.12 billion for the fiscal year ending June 2007, and employs more than 78 000 people in 105 countries and regions. Its true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said
37、before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my studen
38、ts perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Paras 4 5Harvard University http:/www.harvard.edu/Harvard University, founded in 1636, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Its true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was
39、 at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say,
40、“Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Para 4-5 Ohio 俄亥俄州俄亥俄州 (31)http:/www.ohio.gov/ (Learn more about Ohio) Its true that I dropped out of college to start Mi
41、crosoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grade teacher in Oh
42、io, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Paras 4 5claim v.demand as a right or as due 要求要求, , 要求权要求权, , 主张主张 Its true that I dropped out of coll
43、ege to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out and Id love to have the time to go back. As Ive said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.Kathy Cridland, a six-grad
44、e teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, “Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education.”Paras 4 5perceive v.1.to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way
45、2.to notice, see, or recognize somethingParas 9 10Quite a few of our people didnt finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.College isnt the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody ha
46、nding you a book doesnt automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book. Education should be broad, although its fine to have deep interests, too. diploma n.a document given by a college or
47、 university to show that you have passed a particular examination or completed a course 文凭，学位证书文凭，学位证书Paras 9 10Quite a few of our people didnt finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.College isnt the only place where i
48、nformation exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesnt automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book. Education should be broad, although its fine to have d
49、eep interests, too.foster v.to encourage something to develop 养育养育, , 抚育抚育, , 培养培养, , 鼓励鼓励Para 18Its just their sort of self-definition, and its probably comfortable for them. But its unfortunate if it comes at the sacrifice of learning about the broader world, or learning to work cooperatively. Im
50、as impressed as the next person is when an 11-year-old can do calculus and is learning to think logically. But a kid who is reading about Robison Crusoe is thinking logically, too. Its not completely different.sacrifice n.when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that
51、 is more important. 牺牲牺牲Para 18Its just their sort of self-definition, and its probably comfortable for them. But its unfortunate if it comes at the sacrifice of learning about the broader world, or learning to work cooperatively. Im as impressed as the next person is when an 11-year-old can do calc
52、ulus and is learning to think logically. But a kid who is reading about Robison Crusoe is thinking logically, too. Its not completely different.http:/www.online- by Daniel DefoeFirst published in 1719Paras 20 21Choosing a specialty isnt something high-school students should worry about. They should
53、worry about getting a strong academic start. Theres not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and success in later life, of course.But its a real mistake not to take the opportunity to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high school, and to get the grades
54、 that will help you get into a good college. correlation n.a connection between two or more things, often one in which one of them causes or influences the other互相关系，关联互相关系，关联(line 8) Take advantage of high school and college. Make good use of high school and college.take advantage of: make use of s
55、omething well, properly, e.g. Students should take advantage of computer labs on campus. (line 9) Its true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out I admit that I left college early to start Microsoft, but I had studied at Harvard for
56、 three years when I left.Note the structure “Its true that but” e.g. Of course its true that a lot of men like beer and football, but this doesnt mean that they all do.(line 20) but Im not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. but I havent known / met a s
57、uccessful person who didnt finish high school.(be) aware of / that: knowing about a situation or a facte.g. Theyre aware of the dangers of smoking.She was well aware that he was married. begin with: to be the first thing that happens in an activity or processe.g. All meals begin with a short prayer.
58、(line 36) when I was highly focused on writing software when I gave all my efforts and attention to writing softwarefocus on: to give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than anothere.g. Schools should not focus exclusively on exam results.Each exercise focu
59、ses on a different grammar point.(line 40) I signed up for only one computer class the whole time. I took only one computer class the whole time.sign up for: to agree to do something or to join a course or organizatione.g. She decided to sign up for music school.Over 30 people have signed up for the
60、 self-defense class.(line 43) One parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son “lost himself in the hole of the computer.” One parent said to me in her letter that her 15-year-old son was totally absorbed /so interested in the computer that he didnt care much about other courses.lose oneself in somethin
61、g: to become so interested in something that it takes all your attention; become totally absorbed in something; be so interested in something that you do not notice what is happening around you e.g. I soon lost myself in the excitement of the story.I finally found time to lose myself in the book for
62、 a while.(line 47) and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group dynamics. dynamic: n. (pl.) the way in which things or people behave, react, and affect each othere.g. Her death changed the dynamics of the family and altered the interactions that had previously taken place
63、.group dynamics: the way in which the members of a group behave towards and react to each other e.g. The teacher is very good at creating group dynamics in his class.(line 51) I think kids sometimes trap themselves into a narrow identity. I think kids sometimes limit themselves to a very few subject
64、s / academic interests they think they are good at. trap: (usu. passive) to be unable to change a way of thinking or a bad situation e.g. I feel trapped by my marriage. They are trapped in a cycle of violence. (line 51) I think kids sometimes trap themselves into a narrow identity.narrow identity: H
65、ere this phrase refers to the fact that children think they are good at or interested only in certain subjects instead of having a wide-ranging academic interests. e.g. People sometimes foster narrow identity on others, unconsciously.Because we normally identify ourselves with our body, mind, and em
66、otions, which is a very narrow identity, described as the Ego identity.(line 61) Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success unless the specialty ends up being a dead end or youre not good at it. Getting real expert knowledge in an area of interest can have success as a result
67、if you can make further progress in the specialty or if you are good at it.lead to: have something as a resulte.g. There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.A reward has been offered for information leading to the arrest of the criminals.Patience and hard work played significant rol
68、es in leading to his final success. (line 61) Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success unless the specialty ends up being a dead end or youre not good at it.end up in / with something / doing something: in a particular place or state after doing something or because of doing ite.g. If you continue to steal youll end up in prison.a dead end: a situation in which no further progress is possiblee.g. With the failure of the experiment, we had reached a dead end.结束结束
