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1、学习必备欢迎下载英语分类复习攻略专题二:代词解析英语中代词(pron.)可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, you
2、rselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either一 ,人称代词 .
3、人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表:单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称it/she/he it/her/him they them 1. 主格作主语 ,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches_(we) Chinese. 2. 三种人称代词并列时,顺序为 : 单数:二 ,三,一( you, she and I) 复数:一 ,二,三 (we, you and they) She and I have been to Beijing. 二,物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表第一人称第二人称第
4、三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性my our your your its/his/her their 名词性mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。名词性的物主代词,常用来代替前面已经提及的名词相当于“形容词性的物主代词+ 名词”Our classroom is as big as _(they) 名词性物主代词可用在of 后做定语,相当于“of + 名词所有格”This is a friend of _(my). 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
5、- - -第 1 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载三,反身代词单数复数第一人称myself ourselves 第二人称yourself yourselves 第三人称himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self, 复数 -ves 来把 f 替. 反身代词一般在句中作宾语,同位语。其常用词组:teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得愉快help oneself to 随便吃 /用by oneself 亲自hurt oneself 受伤四,指示代词指示
6、代词主要有this, that, these, those 1. that ,those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复 . that 代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. those 代替复数名词 . The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. A. this B. that C. one D. those 2. this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that 代替前面提到的句子而this 代替下面提到
7、的句子. He had a bad cold , that is why he didn t come .Please remember this: No pains, no gains. 3.在电话用语中 ,this 代替自己 , 而 that 代替对方 . This is Tom speaking. Who is that ? 另外,指示代词it 除了表时间,天气,距离等之外,还有一些特别的用法。1)用作形式主语,常用于 “ It s + adj.+ (for sb./ of sb.) + to do sth.”句型中 . 2) 用在句型 : “ It seems that”中 . 看起来
8、好象 3) 用在句型 : “ It s one s turn to do sth.” 中 . 轮到某人做 4) 用在句型 : “ It s time to do /for / that” 中. 5) 用在句型 : “ It s + adj.+ that 从句 ” 中. 6) 用作形式宾语 ,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find +it +adj. +to do sth. 五,疑问代词疑问代词有: who, whom whose, what, which 六,不定代词( 普通不定代词和复合不定代词) 不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any,many, much, e
9、ach, every, either, neither, few, little, both, all, one, none, other 普通不定代词的用法1.one与 it 的区别one 代替同类事物中的一种. 而 it 代替上文中出现的某事物.This book is a good one . May I borrow it ? 2.some与 any 的区别一般情况下 , some 用于肯定句 , any 用于否定 , 疑问句 , 条件句中 . 但在表建议的疑问句中,期待对方的肯定回答,仍用 some 代 any. 常用于 could / would / May 开头或 what ab
10、out /how about . 的句中。May I have some water? He asked me for some paper, but I didn t have any .3.many 与 much 的区别精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载many+可数名词的复数much+不可数名词都相当于a lot of + 复数名词 /不可数名词注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . Eg : He never eats so much breakfast.
11、 4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别The story is easy to read, there are _ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _ time left . 5.each / every 的区别 each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而 every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.each 强调个体,可做主语,谓语用单数;every 强调整体,可做定语,修饰名词,谓语用单数。 There are trees and flowers on _ side of the street. _
12、student has read the story . 注:each可以与 of 连用 , each of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.而 every 不能与 of 连用,只能放在名词前作定语. Each of us _(study ) hard . 6.no one 与 none 的区别no one/ nobody 表示没有人 , 不能与 of 连用 . 多回答 who 提出的问题。none 可指人和物,多回答how many/ much 提出的问题。none of +复数名词 / 代词,作主语时,谓语常用单数。. The boys were all tired , but _ of t
13、hem stopped to have a rest . 7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别都都不任何一个两者之间both neither either 三者或三者以上all none any There are many trees on _ side of the river . A. both B. any C. either D .all 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all 的否定词是none. 2). both of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数. neither of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.
14、Neither of the answers _(be) right . Both of my parents _(be) workers. 3).词组A)both and 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组 : not only but also 反义词组 : neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV = _ you _ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _ _ she . B) either or 或者 或者 , neither nor 既不 也不 连
15、接两个主语时,谓语动词实行 就近原则 .Neither you nor he _ (be ) right . C) either 也可用于否定句中的“ 也” D) neither 也可表示“ 也不 ” 句型 : neither sb某人也不怎么样. If you don t go there , _ _ I . (我也不去 ) 4) how many /how much 的回答 :用 none回答 . Who 的回答 :用 no one 回答 . What 的回答 :用 nothing 回答 . How many students are there in the classroom ? _.
16、 Who can answer the question ? _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others/ another 的区别表否定 (几乎没有 ) 表肯定 (有一点 /几个 ) 修饰可数名词few a few 修饰不可数名词little a little 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载(空)后面没有名词(空)后面有名词有数量限制(特指 )the others(其余的所有人,物)the other
17、(两者中另一个 ) 没有数量限制(泛指 ) others(别的人或物)other(另外的)注: 1) one the other 表示两者之间的一个 另一个 2) some others 表示一些 一些 3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数. 但 another +数字 + 复数名词 = 数字 + more +复数名词表示“ 另外几个 ”Would you like _ apple ? I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _ is a worker . Some are cleaning the cla
18、ssroom , _ are sweeping the window . There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers , and _ are women teachers 9.everyone与 every one everyone 每个人不与 of 连用every one 每个人、物可与 of 连用Every one of us has seen the film . I have kept every one of her letters. Everyone should do their bes
19、t . 复合不定代词的用法 .some any no every thing something anything nothing everything one someone anyone no one everyone body somebody anybody nobody everybody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 2.形容词或else修饰不定代词时, 形容词或else 放在不定代词之后. 3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. 4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中, 1) 指人的不定代词, 如 everybody, nobody, any
20、one 等,其反义疑问句中的主语用they . 2) 指物的不定代词, 如 everything, anything, something, nothing等,其反义疑问句中的主语用it . 5.any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中,表示“ 任何 / 任何物 /任何人 ”Everything _(begin ) to grow in spring , _ _ ? Is there _(一些有趣的事 ) in today s newspaper ? I want something _ (eat ). 代词易混点清单1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
21、的区别误 Toms mother is taller than my. 正 Toms mother is taller than mine. 误 He or his brother is doing their homework. 正 He or his brother is doing his homework. 析由either or, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词;如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man. 如
22、是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together. 误 His brother is taller than him. 正 His brother is taller than he. 析 than 是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is. 所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载I like you as muc
23、h as she.正 I like you as much as her. 析 asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。2Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法区别误 There are many trees on either sides of the street. 正 There are many trees on either side of the street. 正 There are many trees on both sides of
24、the street. 析 either 作代词时由两个含义,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:You can take either. 其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either 后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误 Either you or I are right. 正 Either you or I am right. 析在either or, 或 neither nor 连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要遵循就近原则。误 I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor. 正 I have three sisters. No
25、ne of them is a doctor. 析 neither 用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。误 We like both this little boy. 正 We both like this little boy. 析 both 作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如: We are both students.在实意动词之前,如:The parents both want to go to the cinema. 用于第一助动词之后,如We have both read these English novels.使用时要。注意以下句子的实际
26、含义:Both of us are not right. 应译为:我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right. 才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:I cant give you both of the books. 意为:两本书我不能全给你,而I cant give you either of the books.才为:两本书我全不能给你。误 We each has a ticket for the concert. 正 We each have a ticket for the concert. 析 each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:Each of us wants
27、to learn English well ,但 each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。误 Every of us has to pass the exam. 正 Each of us has to pass the exam. 析 every 只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each 侧重强调个体,而every 则侧重于全体。误 Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day. 正 Every one of us should do housework two hours a day. 析 e
28、veryone 不可与 of 结构相连接使用,而every one 则可以这样用。误 I should read English everyday. 正 I should read English every day. 析要注意的是every day 是每天 ,而 everyday 则是形容词为日常的 。如: everyday English 日常英语,everyday life 日常生活。误 There are trees on every sides of the street. 正 There are trees on each side of the street. 析 every 用
29、于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用 each而不能用every. 误 All of students might make some mistakes. 正 All of the students might make some mistakes. 正 All students might make some mistakes. 析非特指的名词前可用all 但不可用all of 结构,也就是讲all of 结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与 all 有关的习惯用法还有:all the year round, all week, al
30、l day, all winter 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载【典例 1】 (2011. 浙江杭州, 18)- Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? - Not at all. I can t have _.A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worst one D. the best one 【答案 】 A【典例 2】 (2010. 上海, 32) The volunteers love _ st
31、udents in that small village in the west of China. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 【答案 】 C1、Please send _ best wishes to Mary A. I B. me C. my D. Mine 2. - The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. - That s so cool ! A. all B. both C. neither D. none 3. - Which do
32、 you prefer, the green tea or the black tea ? - _. I really don t mind. A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either 4. Mr. Green teaches _ computer science. A. we B. us C. ours D. our 5. The students should learn _ from books _ from life. A. so; as B. both; and C. either ; or D. neither; or 6. Mike has rea
33、d lots of stories by American writers. Now he would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries. A. other; other B. other; some C. some; other D. some; any 7. - Have you read today s newspaper ? - Yes, but it was a waste of time. There is _ in it. A. something new B. nothing new C. new anythi
34、ng 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I can t agree with _. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 9. Eddie is very modest. He knows _ , but talks _. A. few; many B. little; little C. a lot; much D. much; little 10. There is _ meat in the fridge. Let s buy _. A. few; some B. a few
35、 ; any C. little; some D. a little; some 11. The covers of my books are newer than _ of _ . A. ones; yours B. those ; you C. those; yours D. ones; you 12. - Are you satisfied with the result of the exam ? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载- Not at all. I can t have _. A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worst one D. the best one 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页