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1、学习必备欢迎下载英语分类复习攻略专题二：代词解析英语中代词（pron.）可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, you
2、rselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either一 ，人称代词 .
3、人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称it/she/he it/her/him they them 1. 主格作主语 ,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches_(we) Chinese. 2. 三种人称代词并列时,顺序为 : 单数：二 ,三,一（ you, she and I） 复数：一 ,二,三 (we, you and they) She and I have been to Beijing. 二，物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表第一人称第二人称第
4、三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性my our your your its/his/her their 名词性mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。名词性的物主代词，常用来代替前面已经提及的名词相当于“形容词性的物主代词+ 名词”Our classroom is as big as _(they) 名词性物主代词可用在of 后做定语，相当于“of + 名词所有格”This is a friend of _(my). 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
5、- - -第 1 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载三，反身代词单数复数第一人称myself ourselves 第二人称yourself yourselves 第三人称himself/herself/itself themselves 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self, 复数 -ves 来把 f 替. 反身代词一般在句中作宾语，同位语。其常用词组：teach oneself 自学learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得愉快help oneself to 随便吃 /用by oneself 亲自hurt oneself 受伤四，指示代词指示
6、代词主要有this, that, these, those 1. that ，those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复 . that 代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. those 代替复数名词 . The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai . The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. A. this B. that C. one D. those 2. this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that 代替前面提到的句子而this 代替下面提到
7、的句子. He had a bad cold , that is why he didn t come .Please remember this: No pains, no gains. 3.在电话用语中 ,this 代替自己 , 而 that 代替对方 . This is Tom speaking. Who is that ? 另外，指示代词it 除了表时间，天气，距离等之外，还有一些特别的用法。1）用作形式主语,常用于 “ It s + adj.+ (for sb./ of sb.) + to do sth.”句型中 . 2) 用在句型 : “ It seems that”中 . 看起来
8、好象 3) 用在句型 : “ It s one s turn to do sth.” 中 . 轮到某人做 4) 用在句型 : “ It s time to do /for / that” 中. 5) 用在句型 : “ It s + adj.+ that 从句 ” 中. 6) 用作形式宾语 ,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find +it +adj. +to do sth. 五，疑问代词疑问代词有： who, whom whose, what, which 六，不定代词( 普通不定代词和复合不定代词) 不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any，many, much, e
9、ach, every, either, neither, few, little, both, all, one, none, other 普通不定代词的用法1.one与 it 的区别one 代替同类事物中的一种. 而 it 代替上文中出现的某事物.This book is a good one . May I borrow it ? 2.some与 any 的区别一般情况下 , some 用于肯定句 , any 用于否定 , 疑问句 , 条件句中 . 但在表建议的疑问句中,期待对方的肯定回答，仍用 some 代 any. 常用于 could / would / May 开头或 what ab
10、out /how about . 的句中。May I have some water? He asked me for some paper, but I didn t have any .3.many 与 much 的区别精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载many+可数名词的复数much+不可数名词都相当于a lot of + 复数名词 /不可数名词注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . Eg : He never eats so much breakfast.
11、 4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别The story is easy to read, there are _ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _ time left . 5.each / every 的区别 each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而 every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.each 强调个体，可做主语，谓语用单数；every 强调整体，可做定语，修饰名词，谓语用单数。 There are trees and flowers on _ side of the street. _
12、student has read the story . 注：each可以与 of 连用 , each of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.而 every 不能与 of 连用，只能放在名词前作定语. Each of us _(study ) hard . 6.no one 与 none 的区别no one/ nobody 表示没有人 , 不能与 of 连用 . 多回答 who 提出的问题。none 可指人和物，多回答how many/ much 提出的问题。none of +复数名词 / 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。. The boys were all tired , but _ of t
13、hem stopped to have a rest . 7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别都都不任何一个两者之间both neither either 三者或三者以上all none any There are many trees on _ side of the river . A. both B. any C. either D .all 注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all 的否定词是none. 2). both of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数. neither of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.
14、Neither of the answers _(be) right . Both of my parents _(be) workers. 3).词组A)both and 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组 : not only but also 反义词组 : neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV = _ you _ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _ _ she . B) either or 或者 或者 , neither nor 既不 也不 连
15、接两个主语时,谓语动词实行 就近原则 .Neither you nor he _ (be ) right . C) either 也可用于否定句中的“ 也” D) neither 也可表示“ 也不 ” 句型 : neither sb某人也不怎么样. If you don t go there , _ _ I . (我也不去 ) 4) how many /how much 的回答 :用 none回答 . Who 的回答 :用 no one 回答 . What 的回答 :用 nothing 回答 . How many students are there in the classroom ? _.
16、 Who can answer the question ? _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 8.other /the other /others /the others/ another 的区别表否定 (几乎没有 ) 表肯定 (有一点 /几个 ) 修饰可数名词few a few 修饰不可数名词little a little 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载(空)后面没有名词(空)后面有名词有数量限制(特指 )the others（其余的所有人，物）the other
17、(两者中另一个 ) 没有数量限制(泛指 ) others（别的人或物）other（另外的）注: 1) one the other 表示两者之间的一个 另一个 2) some others 表示一些 一些 3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数. 但 another +数字 + 复数名词 = 数字 + more +复数名词表示“ 另外几个 ”Would you like _ apple ? I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _ is a worker . Some are cleaning the cla
18、ssroom , _ are sweeping the window . There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers , and _ are women teachers 9.everyone与 every one everyone 每个人不与 of 连用every one 每个人、物可与 of 连用Every one of us has seen the film . I have kept every one of her letters. Everyone should do their bes
19、t . 复合不定代词的用法 .some any no every thing something anything nothing everything one someone anyone no one everyone body somebody anybody nobody everybody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 2.形容词或else修饰不定代词时, 形容词或else 放在不定代词之后. 3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. 4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中, 1) 指人的不定代词, 如 everybody, nobody, any
20、one 等，其反义疑问句中的主语用they . 2) 指物的不定代词, 如 everything, anything, something, nothing等，其反义疑问句中的主语用it . 5.any ,anything ,anyone, anybody 也可用于肯定句中,表示“ 任何 / 任何物 /任何人 ”Everything _(begin ) to grow in spring , _ _ ? Is there _(一些有趣的事 ) in today s newspaper ? I want something _ (eat ). 代词易混点清单1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
21、的区别误 Toms mother is taller than my. 正 Toms mother is taller than mine. 误 He or his brother is doing their homework. 正 He or his brother is doing his homework. 析由either or, neithernor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词；如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man. 如
22、是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together. 误 His brother is taller than him. 正 His brother is taller than he. 析 than 是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is. 所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载I like you as muc
23、h as she.正 I like you as much as her. 析 asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。2Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法区别误 There are many trees on either sides of the street. 正 There are many trees on either side of the street. 正 There are many trees on both sides of
24、the street. 析 either 作代词时由两个含义，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either. 其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either 后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误 Either you or I are right. 正 Either you or I am right. 析在either or, 或 neither nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要遵循就近原则。误 I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor. 正 I have three sisters. No
25、ne of them is a doctor. 析 neither 用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。误 We like both this little boy. 正 We both like this little boy. 析 both 作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如： We are both students.在实意动词之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema. 用于第一助动词之后，如We have both read these English novels.使用时要。注意以下句子的实际
26、含义：Both of us are not right. 应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right. 才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I cant give you both of the books. 意为：两本书我不能全给你，而I cant give you either of the books.才为：两本书我全不能给你。误 We each has a ticket for the concert. 正 We each have a ticket for the concert. 析 each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants
27、to learn English well ，但 each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。误 Every of us has to pass the exam. 正 Each of us has to pass the exam. 析 every 只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each 侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。误 Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day. 正 Every one of us should do housework two hours a day. 析 e
28、veryone 不可与 of 结构相连接使用，而every one 则可以这样用。误 I should read English everyday. 正 I should read English every day. 析要注意的是every day 是每天 ，而 everyday 则是形容词为日常的 。如： everyday English 日常英语，everyday life 日常生活。误 There are trees on every sides of the street. 正 There are trees on each side of the street. 析 every 用
29、于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用 each而不能用every. 误 All of students might make some mistakes. 正 All of the students might make some mistakes. 正 All students might make some mistakes. 析非特指的名词前可用all 但不可用all of 结构，也就是讲all of 结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与 all 有关的习惯用法还有：all the year round, all week, al
30、l day, all winter 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载【典例 1】 （2011. 浙江杭州， 18）- Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? - Not at all. I can t have _.A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worst one D. the best one 【答案 】 A【典例 2】 (2010. 上海， 32) The volunteers love _ st
31、udents in that small village in the west of China. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 【答案 】 C1、Please send _ best wishes to Mary A. I B. me C. my D. Mine 2. - The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. - That s so cool ! A. all B. both C. neither D. none 3. - Which do
32、 you prefer, the green tea or the black tea ? - _. I really don t mind. A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either 4. Mr. Green teaches _ computer science. A. we B. us C. ours D. our 5. The students should learn _ from books _ from life. A. so; as B. both; and C. either ; or D. neither; or 6. Mike has rea
33、d lots of stories by American writers. Now he would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries. A. other; other B. other; some C. some; other D. some; any 7. - Have you read today s newspaper ? - Yes, but it was a waste of time. There is _ in it. A. something new B. nothing new C. new anythi
34、ng 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I can t agree with _. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 9. Eddie is very modest. He knows _ , but talks _. A. few; many B. little; little C. a lot; much D. much; little 10. There is _ meat in the fridge. Let s buy _. A. few; some B. a few
35、 ; any C. little; some D. a little; some 11. The covers of my books are newer than _ of _ . A. ones; yours B. those ; you C. those; yours D. ones; you 12. - Are you satisfied with the result of the exam ? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载- Not at all. I can t have _. A. a worse one B. a better one C. the worst one D. the best one 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页
