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1、1 主谓一致讲解和训练谓语受主语支配, 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、“三个一致”原则1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数; 主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由 and或 both and连接的并列成分作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。 例
2、如:Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人, 同一事物或同一概念, 谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come.(3)由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to rece
3、ive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle
4、, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.(6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Where are my s
5、hoes? I cant find them. Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页2 Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用
6、单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.(2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:My family is big one.My family are watching TV.(3)不定代词由 all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数; 如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All
7、 of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如: Who is your brother? Who are League members?(5)“分数或百分数 +of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如: It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Thr
8、ee fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.(6)half, the rest 等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如: I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.(7)由 what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时
9、,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books.(8)凡是以“定冠词 +形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 如果这种主语指的是一类人, 谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person.3. 邻近一致 ( 就近一致 ) 的原则精选学习资料 - - - - - -
10、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页3 (1)由连词 or, either or, neither nor, not only but also,等连接的并列主语, 如果一个是单数, 一个是复数, 则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“ There be ” 句型中 , 谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg
11、 in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时 , 谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。(4)以 here 开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you. 二、主谓一致常考情况1. 单数名词 (代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。The desk _ (is / are)Tom s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water _(is / are)in the b
12、ottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students _(is / are)playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2. more than one + 单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。More than one student _( has / have) ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。3. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。 Two months _(is / are)a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Tw
13、enty pounds _ (is / are)not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles _(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four _(is / are)one. 5 减 4 等于 1。4. 主语是 each/every+ 单数名词 +and(each/every)+ 单数名词时, 谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl _(has / have )got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman _(
14、is / are)at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours _(is / are)enough. 一个半小时足够了。6. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。To see _ (is / are)to believe. 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises _(is / are)good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。7. a/an+ 单数名词 +or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。精选学习资料 - - - - - -
15、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页4 A student or two _ (like / likes ) to listen to this new teacher s class. 一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8. 当主语部分 ( 主语是单数时 ) 含有 with ,together with ,along with ,as well as,besides ,except ,but ,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词 +as well as+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his fathe
16、r _(has / have )been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, _ (enjoy / enjoys ) playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher _(was / were)present at the meeting. 开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。9. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+ 单数名词
17、+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物; a/the+ 单数名词 +and+a/the+ 单数名词,指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher _(is / are)coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。 (作家和教师指同一个人 ) The writer and the teacher _(is / are)coming. 作家和老师来了。 (作家和老师是两个人 ) A knife and fork _(is / are)on the table. 桌子上放着一副刀叉。10. people, police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family, class, gro
18、up, team 等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。 People here _(is / are)very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。His family _(is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。My family all _(like / likes)watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。11. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no
19、 one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。 _(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗? Something _ (is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody _(was / were )in. 没有人在家。12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。 Each of them _(has / have)an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer _(is / are)correct.
20、两个答案都不正确。13. 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等。 No news _ (is / are)good news. 没有消息就是好消息。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页5 Maths _ (is / are)very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。14. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;由or, eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut a
21、lso, not but , 连接两个名词或代词作主语时, 根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果 either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。Either my wife or I _(am / is / are)going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else _(know / knows )the answer. Not only you but also he _(is / are)ready to leave. Each of us _(has / have )got a new story book. Neither of
22、 the books _(is / are)very interesting. 15. 如果主语是由“ a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时,动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数,动词要用复数形式 ; 而 the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 A number of students _(is / are)going to visit this place of interest. The number of the students _(is / are)over
23、800 16以 here,there 开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。There _(is / are)a book and three pens on the desk. Here _(is / are)some books and paper for you. 17. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。The poor _ (is / are)very happy, but the rich _(is / are)sad. The beautiful _(live / lives)forever. 美是永存的。精选
24、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页6 主谓一致专题练习一. 选择填空1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. -When are you going to Kunming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neithe
25、r; nor D. Not only; but also 3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B 4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 5. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 6. M
26、y shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are 7. -Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 9. O
27、ur knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were 10. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. Most of the houses _ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built 12. I think maths _ very diffic
28、ult to learn. A. is B. are C. has D. have 13. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang. A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going 14. The number of the students in the class _ small. A. are B. is C. have D. were 15. There _ a lot of good news in today s newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D.
29、were 16. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页7 17. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isntB. is C. aren t D. are 18. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day.
30、 And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 19. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 20. There _ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy. A. is B. aren tC. isn tD. are 21.The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has
31、D. have 22.Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 23.The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping 24.Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 25.That pla
32、ce is not interesting at all. _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 26.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 27. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 28. This pair of glasses _min
33、e. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 29. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 30. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 31. If Bobs wife doesnt agree to go on a ho
34、liday in winter, _. A. neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither 32.His family _all very kind and friendly, and his family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 33.The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 34. I havent
35、finished my homework yet. _. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either 35. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页8 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. _ (be) everything OK? 2. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the questi
36、on. 3. Ten divided by two _ (be) five. 4. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River. 5. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day. 6. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision. 7. The family _(be) spending the weekend together. 8. Bread and butter _ (be) her dail
37、y breakfast. 9. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief. 10. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页9 参考答案一. 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.A 31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.B 二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页