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1、参赛作品简介参赛作品简介: :内容内容: :人教版高中英语第二册人教版高中英语第二册( (下下) ) 第十八单元语法第十八单元语法 邮编邮编:419200:419200 电子邮箱电子邮箱: : 手机：手机： 1Unit 18 GrammarUnit 18 Grammar 课件制作：湖南省新晃县第一中学课件制作：湖南省新晃县第一中学 杨怀瑜杨怀瑜21.The reason why he was late is unknown.(定语从句定语从句)reason2.All that we have to do is to practise everyday.All(定语从句定语从句)3Revisio

2、n Of The Attributive ClauseThe First Period4引导在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系引导定语从句的词称为关系代词或关系副词。副词。5学生存在的主要问题：学生存在的主要问题：1.不知道如何区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从不知道如何区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。句。2.不知道什么时候该用关系代词不知道什么时候该用关系代词,什么时候又该用关系什么时候又该用关系副词。副词。3.不知道什么时候只能用不知道什么时候只

3、能用“which ”;什么时候只能用什么时候只能用that;什么时候只能用什么时候只能用“who”。4. 在定语从句中不知道如何使用在定语从句中不知道如何使用“as“。5.不知道如何使用介词不知道如何使用介词关系代词。关系代词。6Translation:1.1.最后一个发言的人是布朗先生。最后一个发言的人是布朗先生。2 2。水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。The man who spoke last was Mr. Brown.Water ,which is a clear liquid,has many uses .限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句7注意注意:.

4、限制性定语从句是句中不限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。不用逗号分开。 .非限制性定语从句是对主句非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。把主句和从句分开。8Translation:Translation:1.He said nothing that made her 1.He said nothing that made her angry.angry.2. He said nothing , which

5、made 2. He said nothing , which made her angry.her angry.他没说使她生气的话。他没说使她生气的话。他一言不发，这使她很生气。他一言不发，这使她很生气。9在英语中，有无逗号有时会引在英语中，有无逗号有时会引起句义的变化。在意义上相互起句义的变化。在意义上相互联系的两个句子中间，用逗号联系的两个句子中间，用逗号或句号，两句语法关系也会随或句号，两句语法关系也会随之改变。之改变。10 who , whom , whose, which , that , as where , when , why 关系代词关系代词:关系副词：关系副词： 111.

6、Thegirl_isstandingthereisMary.(注意：注意：who,that 指人指人,在定语在定语从句中作主语从句中作主语,不能省略不能省略)。who /that122.The man _ my father saw in the street is my teacher.(whom / who / that )（whom ,who, that 指人，在从指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略句中作宾语，可省略。133. The building _ stands near the river is our school.which /that(which ,that (which ,t

7、hat 指物指物, ,在从句中在从句中作主语作主语, ,不能省略。）不能省略。）14This is the book _you want .(which /that )( which ,that ( which ,that 指物，在从指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略。句中作宾语，可省略。) )15.Do you know the man _ name is Wu Min?whosewhose whose 既可指人又可指既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。物，在从句中作定语。.The house _ roof was destroyed has now been repaired .whose16Il

8、l never forget the day _ I joined the army.when(when (when 指时间，在从句中作状语。指时间，在从句中作状语。）on which有时候有时候“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”的作用的作用相当于一个关系副词相当于一个关系副词。178 8Ill never forget the Ill never forget the factory _ my father factory _ my father worked.worked.where(where (where 指地点，在从句中指地点，在从句中作地点状语。）作地点状语。）in which18

9、9.Tell me the reason _ you came late .why(why (why 表示原因，在从句中表示原因，在从句中作原因状语。）作原因状语。）for which1910.I want to have such a dictionary _ he has .as当先行词被当先行词被such ,as ,so ,such ,as ,so ,或或the same the same 修饰时，定语从句用修饰时，定语从句用as as 引导。引导。20This is the same pen _ I lost the other day .There is my name on it

10、.This is the same book _ I lent you yesterday. Where did you buy it ?A. that B. as C. which AB先行词被先行词被the same the same 修饰时修饰时, ,关系代词既可关系代词既可用用that that 也可用也可用as ,as ,但意义不同但意义不同, ,前者表示前者表示“同一的同一的”，后者表示，后者表示“同样的同样的”。2111._ we all know ,he studies very hard.12._ is known to everybody ,the moon travels

11、 round the earth once every month .13. The experiment is very important , _ indeed it is .AsAs as( (在这些句子中在这些句子中,as ,as 引导非限制性定语引导非限制性定语从句从句, ,说明整个句子说明整个句子,as,as可作主语可作主语, ,宾语宾语或表语或表语, ,意为意为”正如正如”。22归纳拓展归纳拓展: :常用的这种句式有常用的这种句式有: :as is said aboveas is said aboveas is mentioned above as is mentioned ab

12、ove as is often the caseas is often the caseas is reported in the newspaperas is reported in the newspaperas can be seen from the textas can be seen from the text正如上面提到的正如上面提到的正如通常的情况那样正如通常的情况那样23对比练习对比练习: :Right or wrong?1.Which you know ,he is a good man.2.2.As you know, he is a good man. 3.3. He

13、must be from Africa , as can be seen from his skin. 4.4. He did a good job in the test ,5.which we hadnt expected . As24注意：在定语从句中注意：在定语从句中which which 引导的引导的定语从句不能放在句首，而定语从句不能放在句首，而as as 则则可以；在句中时，可以；在句中时，as as 有有“正如正如”、“就象就象”之意，而之意，而which which 则没有此则没有此意。意。25关系代词关系副词起连词的作用,本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语。既起连词作用

14、，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。who、 whom (的人）(指人)whose (某人或某物的)which (的东西) (指物)that (的人或物)(指人或物)as (像那样；和相同; 正如 )when (的时候) (修饰日子、年代等名词）where (的地方)（修饰场所、方位等名词）why (的原因； 的理由)26注意注意: :判定定语从句用关系代词还判定定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词的关键是看先行词在是关系副词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什么成分。从句中作什么成分。27对比练习：对比练习：.Is this factory _ the foreign visitors visited

15、 last week ?2. Is this the factory _ the foreign visitors visited last week ?3.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago ?A. 不填 B. where C. the one CAB281.She will never forget the days _ she spent in Beijing.2.2.The day _ I met him first was May 1st.A.who B. when B.C. that D. whyCB291.The reaso

16、n _ he cant come is that he has to work late .2.2.The reason _ he gave to his teacher for his being late was that he had been caught in a traffic jam.A.because B. 不填B. C. why D. forCB30This is the way _ he did it .I dont like the ways _ are mentioned in the text to use money. (that /in which) which

17、/that当先行词为the way 并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系词多用that 或in which ,也可省略。31.He lives in a big house_ window faces the sea .He lives in a big house the window_ faces the sea .He lives in a big house _ the window faces the sea .whose of whichof which32“whose “whose 名词名词”引导定语从句引导定语从句时可换成时可换成“the “the 名词名词of whom of wh

18、om /which” /which” 或或“of whom /which “of whom /which the the 名词名词”。( (先行词为人时先行词为人时用用whom ,whom ,先行词为物时用先行词为物时用which)which)331.玛丽有三个兄弟，其中有两个已经结婚了。2。我向图书馆借了四本书，其中有三本真的值得一读。Marry has three brothers ,of whom two are married. /, two of whom are married.I borrowed four books from the library ,three of whi

19、ch are really worth reading. /of which three are really worth reading .34在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定引导的定语从句中，如果先行词是人，关语从句中，如果先行词是人，关系代词只能用系代词只能用whom ,whom ,如果先行词如果先行词是物，关系代词只能用是物，关系代词只能用whichwhich352.1.Do you know the artist _ the judge gave a prize ?Do you know the artist _ the judge gave a prize to ?(who

20、m /who /that) to whom36注意：注意：whom ,which whom ,which 作介词宾语时，介作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在词一般可放在whom ,which whom ,which 之前，也可之前，也可放在从句原来的位置，前者较为正式。放在从句原来的位置，前者较为正式。但像但像listen to ,look at ,depend on listen to ,look at ,depend on ,pay attention to ,take care of ,pay attention to ,take care of 等等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜固定短语

21、动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。将介词与动词分开。37.This is the boy (whom/who/that)she has taken care of.This is the dictionary (that/which) you are looking for .38Revision Of The Attributive ClauseThe Second Period39特别用法特别用法1.Anyone _ plays with fire will get burnt. A. that B. who当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的one ,ones ,anyone on

22、e ,ones ,anyone 或或those those 时时, ,关系代词用关系代词用 who who。40Translation:违反学校规定的人将受到惩罚。违反学校规定的人将受到惩罚。. Anyone . Anyone whowho breaks the breaks the school rules will be punished.school rules will be punished.Those .Those whowho break the school break the school rules will be punished .rules will be punis

23、hed .当关系代词作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。41She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing .He is one of the boys who _ seen the films . A. have B. has C. had has have42There is a gentleman _ wants to call on you .A. who B. that C. whom 在在there be there be 开头的句子中，开头的句子中，如果先行词是人，定语从如果先行词是人，定语从句中用关

24、系代词句中用关系代词whowho来引导。来引导。43The famous basketball star ,_ tried to make a comeback ,attracted a lot of attention . A. that B. when C. which D. who D在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是人，只能用主格是人，只能用主格whowho来充当定语从句来充当定语从句中的主语中的主语, ,不能用不能用thatthat。 44The student that won the first place is the monitor _ spe

25、aks English best in our class . A that B who C which D whatB当一个句子含有两个定语从句，当一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词是人时，如果一个用了且先行词是人时，如果一个用了关系代词关系代词that 时，另一个宜用时，另一个宜用who。45Conclusion:1.1.当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的one ,ones ,anyone one ,ones ,anyone 或或those those 时时, ,关系代词用关系代词用 who who。2.2.在在there be there be 开头的句子中，如果先行词开头的句子中，如果先

26、行词是人，定语从句中用关系代词是人，定语从句中用关系代词whowho来引导来引导。3.3.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是人，在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是人，只能用主格只能用主格whowho来充当定语从句中的主语来充当定语从句中的主语, ,不不能用能用thatthat。 4.当一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词当一个句子含有两个定语从句，且先行词是人时，如果一个用了关系代词是人时，如果一个用了关系代词that 时，另时，另一个宜用一个宜用who。关系代词只用关系代词只用who who 的情况的情况46All _ can be done has been done .There is l

27、ittle in his speech _ is interesting.A. which B. that C. as D. whatBB当先行词为当先行词为 all ,much ,little ,few all ,much ,little ,few，none , ,anything ,everything ,none , ,anything ,everything ,nothing nothing 等不定代词时，只能用等不定代词时，只能用thatthat来引来引导定语从句，不能用导定语从句，不能用whichwhich。47He spoke of the men and the things

28、_ he had seen abroad .(that(that) )先行词既指人又指物时，只先行词既指人又指物时，只能用能用that that 来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。48This is one of the best films _ I have ever seen .(that )当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用级修饰时，只能用that that 来引导定语来引导定语从句，不用从句，不用which which 。49( that )This is the very book _ I am looking for .当先行词是物，被当先行

29、词是物，被the very the very ,the only ,the last ,the only ,the last 修饰时，修饰时，只能用只能用that that 来引导定语从句，来引导定语从句，不能用不能用whichwhich 。that50I have read all the books _ you gave me .(that)当先行词被当先行词被all ,any all ,any ，every,every,each ,few ,little ,no ,some each ,few ,little ,no ,some 等等修饰时，由修饰时，由that that 引导定语从句，

30、不引导定语从句，不用用whichwhich。51.What _ is on the table belongs to me ?.Who _ has such a home doesnt love it ?52.What _ is on the table belongs to me ?.Who _ has such a home doesnt love it ?当先行词为当先行词为 what ,who what ,who 或或which which 时时, ,只能用只能用thatthat来引来引导定语从句导定语从句, ,不能用不能用whichwhich . .thatthat53当句中已有当句

31、中已有who who 时，为避免重时，为避免重复，用复，用thatthat来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。Who is the man _ is talking to Tom ？thatWho54.Mary is no longer the girl she used to be . China is no longer the country it used to be .（that）（that）先行词在主句中作表语先行词在主句中作表语, ,且关且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用用thatthat。55They secretly built up a small

32、factory which produced things _ could cause pollution.A. that B. which C. as D. whoA56Conclusion:Conclusion:关系代词用关系代词用that that 不用不用which which 的情况的情况: :1.1.当先行词为当先行词为 all ,much ,little ,few all ,much ,little ,few，none , ,anything ,everything ,nothing none , ,anything ,everything ,nothing 等等不定代词时，只能

33、用不定代词时，只能用thatthat来引导定语从句，不来引导定语从句，不能用能用whichwhich。2.2.先行词既指人又指物时，只能用先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that that 来引来引导定语从句。导定语从句。3.3.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用时，只能用that that 来引导定语从句，不用来引导定语从句，不用which which 。57Conclusion:Conclusion:关系代词用关系代词用that that 不用不用which which 的情况的情况: :4.4.当先行词是物，被当先行词是物，被the very

34、,the only the very ,the only ,the last ,the last 修饰时，只能用修饰时，只能用that that 来引导定来引导定语从句，不能用语从句，不能用which which 。5.5.当先行词被当先行词被all ,any all ,any ，every each every each ,few ,little ,no ,some ,few ,little ,no ,some 等修饰时，由等修饰时，由that that 引导定语从句，不用引导定语从句，不用whichwhich。6.6.当先行词为当先行词为 what ,who what ,who 或或whi

35、ch which 时时, ,只只能用能用thatthat来引导定语从句来引导定语从句, ,不能用不能用which .which .58Conclusion:Conclusion:关系代词用关系代词用that that 不用不用which which 的情况的情况: :7.7.当句中已有当句中已有who who 时，为避免重复，用时，为避免重复，用thatthat来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。8.8.先行词在主句中作表语先行词在主句中作表语, ,且关系代词在且关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用定语从句中作表语时，用thatthat。9.9.当一个句子含有两个定语从句时，如当一个句子含有两个定语从

36、句时，如一个关系代词已用一个关系代词已用which ,which ,另一个宜用另一个宜用thatthat。59.Bruce went towards the fire ,_ was still smoking .She was awarded a gold medal ,_ the whole family considered a great honour .the firewhichwhich 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用或整个句子时，只能用whichwhich 。She was awarded a goldmedal60.That _ yo

37、u saw in the woods was not a monkeyA. that B. which C. as D. whoB当先行词为当先行词为that that 指物时指物时, ,定语从句只能用定语从句只能用whichwhich来引导来引导 。612.2.当先行词为当先行词为that that 指物时指物时, ,定语从句只能定语从句只能用用whichwhich来引导来引导 。Conclusion:Conclusion:1.1.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中, ,先行词为某物或先行词为某物或整个句子整个句子, ,并且在定语从句中充当宾语或主并且在定语从句中充当宾语或主语时，只能

38、用关系代词语时，只能用关系代词whichwhich 来引导。关系代词只能用关系代词只能用whichwhich的情况的情况: :3.3.在在“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，如果先行词是物，关系代词只能用如果先行词是物，关系代词只能用whichwhich62对比练习对比练习:1.I walked in our garden , _ Tom and Jim were playing hide-and-seek .2.The students will put off the match until next week ,_ they wont be so busy.3

39、.3. He is always late , _ made his teacher angry.4. which when where that wherewhenwhich63In the garden1.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows ,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year .2.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows ,and most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year .3.He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows ; most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year .whichthemwhomwhichthemthem, ,and;64Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention! 65