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1、名师精编优秀资料讲座初中英语语法讲座这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数 -可用 a、 an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是 a 可数名词名词的根据数复数不可数名词1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog-dogs 。(2)以 s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加 es，如：watch-watches 。(3)以辅音字母加 y结尾的名词，变y为 i加 es ， 如： country-countries 。请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词，则只须加s如：m
2、onkey-monkeys 。(4)以 o 结尾的名词， 只有 potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿 )加 es 构成复数。(5)以 f、fe 结尾的名词，变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es ，如： knife-knives 。2.单复数形式相同的词： sheep-sheep ，fishfish, Chinese-Chinese ，Japanese-Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有： (1)tooth-teeth，foot- feet (2)man-men ，woman-women ，policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen 请区别： Germ
3、an( 德国人 )-Germans (3)childchildren 4.常以复数形式出现的名词： people( 人)，clothes( 衣服)，trousers( 裤子) glasses( 眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时， 同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如： news( 消息)，maths(数学)，physics( 物理) No news is good news. 6.可用 how many，many，a few，few，a l
4、ot of，lots of，some ，any等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife) 不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有： water，rice，fish，meat ，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread over there. (be) 3.常用 how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,s
5、ome, any 等来修饰不可数名词。4.常用 a piece of, a cup of 等来表示不可数名词的量。 如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义， bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而 piece则可加 s。即： two pieces of bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be) 2、Could I have three ,please ？A. piece of bread B. .piece of breads C. pieces
6、 of bread D .pieces of breads 名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。如：Tom Toms译为“的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ ”即可。如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday ，而不以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如： Childrens Day 关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunts 我姑姑家。go to the doctors 去医生家。2.表示两人共同拥有， 在最后一个名词后加 s如： Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组： a
7、girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine 我的一个朋友eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is A、 Kate ,my B .Kates ,mine C .Kate ,mine D .Kates, my 二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，中考也会体现这一点。归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词 the 2.不定冠词 an常用于元音发音开头的词前， 如： an hour, an English car. 请区别： a useful machine 3
8、.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun ,the moon, the earth 5.定冠词 the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first, the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示一家人，常看成复数。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如： in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1
9、)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。 如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. ( 这里表示特指， 故加 the) (2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football (3)一些固定词组中，如： go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,at night. 9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面in the hospital 在医院里in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital ( 生病
10、)住院Theres 800-metre-long road behind hospital. A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3特殊记，加 th 从 4 起 (first, second, third, fourth) 8少 t，9 去 e，千万别忘记(eighth ,ninth) 逢 5逢 12，ve变 f (fifth ,twelfth) 2
11、0到 90，y 要变 ie (twentieth ,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first) 2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。eg: Henry has learned eight French words this year. A.
12、hundred B. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法 (钟点分钟 ) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法 (分钟 topast 钟点 ) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to
13、 five a quarter to five 练习题1.At the beginning of the_(twenty) century, the worlds population was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_(watch)yours? Yes. 3.You dont look well. Youd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me _, please? A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper
14、D .two pieces of papers 5.There are three _and seven _in the picture. A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep C. monkies, sheep D. monkies, sheeps 6.A lot of_ are talking with two_. A. Germans, Frenchmans B. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, Frenchmen D. Germans, Frenchmen 7.June 1 is _. A. the Childrens
15、Day B. the C hildrens Day C .Childrens Day D. Childrens Day 思考题1._people went out to see what had happened. A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands 2.We have been in the school for_. A. three and a half month B .three and a half months C. three month and a half D .thre
16、e months and half 3._English is_ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C. The, an D. A, / 四、代词(一) 人称代词主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词myself yourself himself herselfitself ourselves
17、yourselves themselves 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。如： These books arent ours. Ours are new. ( 这里 ours=our books) This is not our room. Ours is over there. ( 这里 ours=our room) 3.of+ 名词性物主代词 表示所属如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹a friend of mine 我的一个朋友4.人
18、称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如： You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快 ) by oneself=alone ( 单独、独自 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页名师精编优秀资料help oneself to ( 随便吃/ 喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) 练习
19、题1.-Whose trousers are these? -_, I think. A. They B. Their C. Theirs D. Them 2. Nobody taught_ English. He taught_. A. him, himself B. his, himself C .him, by himself D. his, his （二）修饰可数词many few 表否定意义a few 表肯定意义修饰不数名词much little 表否定意义a little 表肯定意义few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词a. 如:There a
20、re quite a few new books in the library. 用 little, a little, few, a few填空: 1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,dont go and get some water. There is _ water in the glass. 3.Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry
21、 yesterday. （三）不定代词 : something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something new Theres _ in todays newspaper. 中考题A. important anything B. important something C. anything important D. something important (四)另外，代词 some, every, all, both, either, another 1.some （一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句
22、中。any （任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples? 2.every 单数名词“每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与 of 连用。如：Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing gam
23、es. 3.all “ ( 全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs. （单、复数均可）4.both “（两者）都” 作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither “ ( 两者)都不” , 含有否定意义，用法同eith
24、er。如：They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week Neither answer is right. 5. another +单数名词, “另一个”one the other “一个，另一个”the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围
25、内剩下的全部）others “别人”(五)疑问代词 5 个“ wh” , 即 who, whose, whom, what, which 这里，which 是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. Im going to take the skirt on the right. (97 中考题 ) _ _ are you going to take? 五、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级： 比较.，更.一些最高级： 最. （A）1.构成： (规则情况 ) 情况变 化 方 法 例词单音节词和少数双音节词 : 一般情况加 er, e
26、stclever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母 e结尾加 r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加 er, est big-bigger-biggest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y为 i 加 er, estearly-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词在词前加 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变化，须熟记：good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest bad/badly
27、/ill-worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的使用情况1.as as 和.一样（中间用原级）2.not as(so) as 和.不一样（中间用原级）3 than . .比.（用比较级）4.有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的eg. Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5.比较级 +and+比较级 意为“越来越.”eg: wetter and wetter more and more beaut
28、iful 6. The+比较级， the+比较级 越 .就越 .eg:The more, the better. 越多越好(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。2.可用 much, a little, even, still 等修饰比较级。3.在比较级中为了避免重复， 在 than后常用 one, that, those 等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. (D)掌握三种同义句转换：1.He is taller than any other student in h
29、is class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class. 2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this one. 3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 96中考题：Which do you like _, fish, meat _ eggs? A
30、 .best, or B .better, or C .best, and D. better, and 此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形 / 副+enough to do enough+ 名词eg; she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。3.区别几组易混淆的副词 : 也too 用于肯定、疑问句also 较为正式书面语either 用于否定句已经already 常用于肯定句、疑问句yet 常用于否定句、疑问句不再no (not
31、 any) longer 从时间上讲no (not any) more 从动作上讲如此这样such 修饰名词eg: such a big box so 修饰形容词、副词eg: so big 单独、独自alone 作表语 =by oneself 孤独的lonely 可作表语、定语eg: A group of girls are singing and dancing _ over there. (happy) 练习题1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are clim
32、bing the hill. A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other 2.There isnt _ in todays newspaper. A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sisters? -No ,Mum. Its not _. Its _. A. hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.
33、hers, mine 思考题1.The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 2. An elephant is _ than a horse. A. more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 3. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water? A. good B .Well C. Better D. Best
34、 六、介词1与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）be away from （不在某地）be different from （与不同）be good at （善于）be good/ bad for (对有益/ 有害) be interested in （对感兴趣）be late for （迟到）be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of ( 对有把握) be worried about （为感到担忧）2介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1)You must take good care of her. 2
35、)Thank you for teaching us so well. 3几组易混淆的介词A “在.之后”in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页名师精编优秀资料The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher aft
36、er Friday. B for + 一段时间since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。C be made of 用制成 be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”D in, on, at表时间in “在某月 (季节、年 )等”eg: in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组： in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等 eg: on Ch
37、ristmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”固定词组： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意： 在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。 词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow,
38、 yesterday, one, every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天E. except +宾格/doing something 除之外” （不包括本身）Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换 ) =Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F “用” 通过交通工具by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /ov
39、er the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段with a pen, with ones hands G between “在和（两者）之间”between.and., between the two. among 在.之间(三者或三者以上 ) eg. Sue spent over two hours _ her homework yesterday evening. A. on B. with C. at D. over 七、连词1并列连词both and 既又谓语用复数动词neither nor 既不也不含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由
40、靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either or “或者 或者”“不是就是”and“和” 连接两个并列成分 ,连接谓语时 ,两个动词时态应一致。but “但是” 表转折，不能与though 同时出现在句中。or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and 。eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I dont have brothers or sisters. = I have no brothers and no sisters. 2引导宾语从句的连词陈述句： that 可省略一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3引
41、导原因状从的有： because ( 不能与 so 同时出现在句中 ) 4引导时间状语从句的连词：A. when（当时候），as soon as（一就），not until（直到才）， after（在之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。eg: I wont leave until he comes back. B. since （自从以来） 引导的主从复合句， 主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。eg：We havent met each other since she left here last year. C. while（当时候，一边一边）它
42、引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework. 5引导条件状语从句的连词：if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于 if “是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句， 时态根据语境确定eg:1)I dont know if it (rain) tomorrow. 2)If it _ (rain) tomorrow, I _ (not climb) the hills. 3)Joan and Mary havent seen each other _they left
43、school five years ago. A. as B. before C .after D. since 八、动词可以分为四类：实义动词（或称行为动词）连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。一、实义动词（行为动词）1.不及物动词 :不能直接跟宾语 ,常须加了介词后方能加宾语如:look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about 等2.及物动词 :后面必须跟宾语 ,意义才完整在及物动词 +副词
44、构成动副搭配时 ,代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆。如 :turn on( ) turn on the radio( ) turn the radio on( )turn on it( ) turn it on()常见的动副搭配的词组有： put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等3.注意行为动词的几种变化形式原形enjoy 第三人称单数enjoys 过去式enjoyed 过去分词enjoyed 现在分词enjoying 象过去式，过去分词，同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则
45、动词变化表。现在分词的变化方法， 一般是直接在动词后加ing，有几个特殊的可加以记忆： lie-lying, die-dying 要双写的单词有：一个 m(swim-swimming) 一个 g(dig-digging) 三个 n(run-running, win-winning, begin-beginning) 三个 p(stop-stopping, shop-shopping ,drop-dropping) 还有六个 t(sit-sitting, hit-hitting，get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, forget-forgetting) 同
46、学们特别应注意forget, begin这种双音节单词。另外，eat, wait这两个词不是重读闭音节，故不能双写加ing，这也是同学们易犯的错误。4.请区别几组易混淆的同义动词第一组look-see-watch-read look 看 look at the bird see 看见 see a film watch 观看、注视watch TV， watch a football match read 读 ，阅读 read a book ， read newspapers 第二组say-speak-talk-tell say 说（不及物动词）say to sb. , ( 后跟引语 ) say
47、it again ( 后常跟 it) speak 讲，发言（不及物动词）speak at the meeting learn to speak speak English talk 谈话（不及物动词）talk about sth.( 谈论某事 ) talk with sb.(和某人交谈 ) tell 告诉，讲（及物动词） tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. tell sb. about sth. ( 后常跟某人 ) tell the time “报时”/ tell a story “讲故事”用 say, speak, talk,tell
48、的适当形式填空：1.Can you Japanese? 2.The teacher us not to play in the street. 3.Would you please it in English? 4.What are you about? 第三组borrow-lend borrow 借进（短暂动词）borrow sth. (借某物 ) borrow sth. from sb. ( 向某人借某物）如 May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken. lend 借出（短暂动词）lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.( 把某物借
49、给某人 ) 如:You mustnt lend it to others. keep 借（一段时间），常与一段时间的时间状语连用，为延续性动词。如: How long may I keep it? 第四组bring-take bring 带来（表示从远处拿到说话的地点来），常与 here, me 搭配如：Please bring my hat to me tomorrow. take 带走（表示从说话地点拿到远处去），常与there, away搭配如：Take your raincoat with you. Its going to rain. 第五组listen-hear listen 听
50、不及物，常与介词to 连用如:I listened carefully, but heard nothing. Hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语hear from sb 收到某人的来信如:Jims mother havent heard from him for a long time. hear of 听说如:Have you heard of the news? 第六组look for-find-find out look for 寻找 （强调动作）find 找到 发现（强调结果）如:We looked for him everywhere but didnt find him. fin
51、d out 查明 （通过调查研究找到事实的真相）如:Can you find out who broke the window? 第七组put on-wear-dress put on 穿上 （强调动作）如:Its cold outside. Please put on your coat. wear 穿着（强调状态）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today. dress 打扮，给 .穿衣服dress sb. / oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服get dressed 穿好衣服dress up 打扮 穿上盛装”如:She often dresses u
52、p in a red skirt. 第八组forget-leave forget 忘了某物如:I forgot to tell you about it. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页名师精编优秀资料leave 把某物忘在某地如:Kate left her key to her room at home. 5 有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语（表物）和间接宾语（表人），间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，若颠倒两者的位置，则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词（to 或 for）。1）2) draw sth. for sb
53、. pass sth. to sb. make sth. for sb. give sth. to sb. mend sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb. buy sth. for sb. show sth. to sb. get sth. for sb. bring sth. to sb. cook sth. for sb. take sth. to sb. keep sth. for sb. write sth. to sb. return sth. for sb. send sth. to sb. Eg: How much did you _ all these t
54、hings? A. spend B .give C. cost D. pay for 二.连系动词eg: His grandpa has been _ for over ten years.(die) 常见的连系动词有：be + adj. / n. 是，在become + n. /adj. 变成turn + adj. 变得get + adj. 变得grow + adj. 长得keep + adj. 保持着feel + adj. 感到look + adj. 看上去seem + adj./n. 看起来好象smell + adj. 闻起来fall asleep 入睡三.情态动词1.can: 能，会
55、表示能力，相当于be able to 。可以，表示许可，相当于may 。can t be 不可能2.may: 可以，可能，或许may be 可能 请区别 maybe副词 可能3.must: 必须，表示肯定的猜测must be 准是，一定是4.could: 比 can语气更委婉，客气，并不表示过去时。5.注意回答形式：May I.? Yes, you may. No, you cant (mustnt). Must I .? Yes, you must. No,you neednt. 6.must 表示说话人的主观看法， have to 表示外界客观愿望 ,不得不。如:Her mother is
56、 ill. She has to stay at home and take care of her. You must look after your clothes. 7.should 表示应当，应该 ，与疑问词连用表意外，惊奇。What should I do? 我该怎么办呢？8.will, would 在交际用语中， would 更客气，表邀请。Will you.? . 好吗？Would you.? 四、助动词助动词有 do, does, did, have, has, will, would 等五、动词不定式形式：to +动词原形特点： 1.无人称和数的变化。2.在句中不能作谓语。3
57、.可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语。1. 使役动词 : let, make 感观动词 : see, hear, watch, feel, notice之后必须使用省略to 的动词不定式。如：Nothing could make him get angry. I often hear her sing in the morning. 2.had better 后使用省略 to 的动词不定式。如：You had better do it by yourself. 3.It 作形式主语，可用to do 作真正的主语。如:It took me half an hour to finish the
58、 work. Its bad for you to read in bed. Its very kind of you to help me. 4.动词不定式常与特殊疑问词连用。如：He didnt know when to start. We dont know how to get there. I cant decide which sweater to choose. 5.记住一些特殊结构：Would like/love to do 想要做Why not do ? 为什么不做Help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事Its time to do sth. 是干某事的时候了。
59、spend (in) doing sth.=It takes sb. to do sth.花费（时间）做某事too.to do sth. 太.以致不能 . cant wait to do sth. 等不及做某事 ,迫不及待做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来开始做某事练习题1-Can you answer this question in English? No, I _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. cant 2. The teacher wanted us _ Exercise 1, but you
60、let me _ Exercise 2. A.to do, do B. to do, to do C. do, to do D. do, do 3. Miss Green saw a wallet _ on the ground when she walked past the school gate. A. lie B. Lying C. lies D. to lie 4.What have you done _ the milk? Ive just _ it. A. with, eaten B.for, eaten C. with, drunk D. for, drunk 5.Its ra
61、ther cold today. Youd better _ more clothes before you go out. A. put on B.wear C.to put on D. to wear 6.The radio _ it will get warmer later. A. says B. speaks C.talks D. tells 7. You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest? A. stop having B.stop to have C.to stop having D. to stop to have 8. Li Ping
62、is young, but he _ many places of interest in South China. A.went to B. has been in C.has gone to D. has been to 9. Mother told me _ in the sun. A. not read B. dont read C. read not D. not to read 10.Do you often see her _ volleyball on the playground? A. play B. played C. plays D. to play 11. Its f
63、ine today.Why _ out for a picnic? Thats a good idea.A. not go B. dont go C. to not go D. not to go 思考题1.Alice didnt hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesnt know how _ the problem. A. do B. did C. to do D. doing 2.When the little boy _someone coming upstairs,he stopped _. A. heard cryingB.
64、listened to cryC. heard to cryD. listened cry3.Ann was just falling _ when the telephone rang. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 4.I _ my ruler at home.Can I use yours,please? A. forgot B. have forgotten C. left D. have left 5.Jim _ the good news to his classmates this morning. A. spoke B. tol
65、d C. said D. talked 九、构词法eg: To an American, a Chinese is a _. (foreign) 前缀 例词派生词un-“不”happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly im-“不”possible impossible 后缀 例词派生词-er “人”teach/play/clean drive driver（以 e结尾，-r）run runner（重读闭音节，双写 -er) win winner travel traveller -or “人”invent invent
66、or visit visitor -ly（副词后缀）bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly 特例：true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly -ful（形容词后缀）care careful help helpful use useful forg
67、et forgetful -y （形容词后缀）rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy （以 e结尾，去 e，加-y）snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y）wind windy -ion（名词后缀）invent invention operate operation -ness （名词后缀）busy business good goodness 一些特例：动词 形容词动词现在分词转化为名词sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building enjoy enjoyable be
68、gin beginning cross crossing 名词 形容词meet meeting 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页名师精编优秀资料friend friendly turn turning south southern shop shopping wool woolen danger dangerous 动词过去分词转为形容词difference different fry fried worry worried 动词 名词break broken know knowledge lose lost fl
69、y flight please pleased please pleasure colourcoloured 名词 名词动词现在分词、过去分词转为形容词farm farmer 农夫follow following interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语developed “发达的”developing “发展中的”练习题1、Lucy can write a letter _Japanese though she has learned it only a few m
70、onths. A. from B. to C. in D. with 2、They will have an English test _two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after 3、Wu Dong was born _the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to 4、I haven t heard _ her _ she left home. A. from, since B. from, after C. of, when D. of , as 5、Tom didnt know_Jack woul
71、d leave for Beijing tomorrow. A. how B. weather C. whether D. what 6、His parents were _ (happy) because he had failed the exam again. 7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _ (safe) at the same place. 8、The_ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon. 思考题1、The farmer was _tired _he couldnt
72、 fall asleep. A. very to B. too to C. so thatD. neither nor2、Work hard, _you wont catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or 3、The game is very _ and shes _ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested C. interested, interesting D. interesting, interested 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页
