2022年动词被动语态

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1、学习必备欢迎下载动词的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者， 叫做主动语态； 主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。例如：We swept the floor. 我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）The floor was swept. 地板被打扫过。（被动语态）1.1、被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由 “be+ 及物动词的过去分词 ” 构成的。be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。a 被动语态的肯定句Apple trees are planted in the south. 苹果树不种在南方。b 被动语态的否定句The building ha

2、snt been completed. 这座建筑物没有竣工。c被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（ vt）+（by+宾语）Are they made in China? Yes, they are. 它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。Was the museum built in 1993? No, it was built in 1986. 这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？不，它是在 1986年建成的。d 被动语态的特殊疑问句被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（ vt）。What is the machine used fo

3、r? It is used for making paper. 这台机器用来作什么？它是用来造纸的。Where were the car made? They were made in China. 这些小汽车是哪里制造的？它们是中国制造的。2）被动语态的几种时态形式（以动词 ask为例）：1一般现在时结构：主语am / is / are + 过去分词主动句： She cleans her room every day. 被动句： Her room is cleaned (by her) every day. ( 肯定句）否定句： Her room isn t cleaned (by her)

4、 every day.一般疑问句： Is her room cleaned (by her) every day? 注意：被动句的 be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致2.一般过去时结构：主语 was / were +过去分词主动句： The workers made the VCD last week. 被动句： The VCD was made by the workers last week.( 肯定句 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载否定句 :

5、The VCD wasnt made by the workers last week. 一般疑问句： Was the VCD made by the workers last week? 3. 一般将来时结构：主语 will be + 过去分词主动句： My father will send me to America soon. 肯定句： I will be sent to America by my father soon. 否定句： I won t be sent to America by my father soon.一般疑问句： Will you be sent to Ameri

6、ca by your father soon? 4. 过去将来时结构：主语 would be + 过去分词主动句： He said he would punish the naughty boy tonight. 肯定句： He said the naughty boy would be punished by him tonight. 否定句： He said the naughty boy wouldnt be punished by him tonight.5. 现在进行时结构：主语am / is / are + being + 过去分词主动句： He is telling a stor

7、y now. 肯定句： A story is being told by him now. 否定句： A story isnt being told by him now.一般疑问句： Is a story being told by him now? 6. 过去进行时结构：主语 was / were + being + 过去分词主动句： He was telling a story when I came in. 肯定句： A story was being told by him when I came in. 否定句： A story wasnt being told by him wh

8、en I came in.一般疑问句： Was a story being told by him when I came in? 7. 现在完成时结构：主语 have / has +been + 过去分词主动句 : The boy has finished the work. 肯定句 : The work has been finished by the boy. 否定句 : The work hasnt been finished by the boy.一般疑问句 : Has the work been finished by the boy? 8. 过去完成时结构：主语+ had + b

9、een + 过去分词主动句 : They had built ten buildings by 2003. 肯定句 : Ten buildings had been built by them by 2003. 否定句 : Ten buildings hadnt been built by them by 2003.一般疑问句 : Had ten buildings been built by them by 2003? 1.2、什么时候使用被动语态1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。English is taug

10、ht in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壶是饮水用的。Wheres cotton produced? 棉花产于何地？1.3、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1） 将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式。3）将主动句的主语变为介词by 的宾语。例如：Pe

11、ople use radios for listening to the news. （主动）Radios are use for listening to the news by people. （被动）I posted a letter last week. （主动）A letter was posted by me last week. （被动）注意： 在 make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, feel 等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。例如： We heard her sing an Engli

12、sh song. （主动）She was heard to sing an English song by us.（被动）1.4、主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的。例如：The workers are building a ship. （主动语态）The ship is being built by the workers. （被动语态）I have finished the exercises. （主动语态）The exercises have been finished by me.（被动语态）2）谓语动词有两个宾语的， 其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，

13、称为保留宾语。例如：I sent him a present. （主动语态）He was sent a present by me. （被动语态）A present was sent to him by me. （被动语态）注意： a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask, answer, teach 等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语。例如：He asked us a lot of questions. （主动语态）We were asked a lot of questions by him. b)在主动句中有些动词，如build, buy, choose等变成被动句时，将直

14、接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语。例如：My father bought me a new bike. （主动语态）The new bike was bou ght for me by my father.（被动语态）3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。例如：He left the door open. （主动语态）他让门开着。The door was left open by him. （被动语态）门由他打开着。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载4）许多由不及物动词加

15、介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。例如：We must take good care of our books. （主动语态）Our books must be taken good care of. （被动语态）我们应该保管好我们的书本。我们的书本应保管好。（被动）5） 谓语动词含有情态动词时， 只变及物动词为被动语态， 构成为：情态动词 +be+过去分词（vt.）例如：We must finish it at once. （主动语态）我们必须马上做完这件事。I

16、t must be finished at once （被动语态）这件事必须马上做完。6） 带有 be going to结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。 结构为：sth be going to be done 。例如：I am going to close the door. （主动语态）我将去关门。The door is going to be closed. （被动语态）门将要关上。1.5、被动语态中应注意的几个问题1）在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：ahave（有）以及和 have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态b不及物

17、动词没有动作的承受者，不能用被动语态。c主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语。d主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing 形式时，不能变成被动句的主语。3）注意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情况。例如：This kind of cloth washes very well. 这种布很禁洗。The machine made in China sell well abroad. 中国制造的机器在国外畅销精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载被动语态专项练习1. Good books

18、_ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt list

19、ened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built

20、 C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _

21、 also _ in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. was grew D. was grown 10. He _ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have bee

22、n taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载14.

23、I _the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We

24、cant enter the room because its door_ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by ma

25、ny countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children. A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week. A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ t

26、he Peoples Republic of China_ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class. A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. So

27、me trees may _ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual. A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载28. A new English play _ there next week. A. w

28、ill put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken

29、, broke D. has been broken, broken 参考答案1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21.B 22. D 23.B 24. C 25.D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B 一. 相关知识点精讲1. let 的用法1）当 let 后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go. 他们放陌生人走

30、了。- The strange was let go. 2）当 let 后宾补较长时， let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow 或 permit 代替。例如：The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。- I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 3. 表示 据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, sup

31、pose, think, understand等组成。 例如：It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided th at 大家决定精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9

32、页学习必备欢迎下载It must be remember that 务必记住的是4. 不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语， 如 appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等没有无被动语态。2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish,

33、cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, k

34、eep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。例如： It sounds good. 听上去不错。4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream ， live/life 等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her. 5. 主动形式表示被动意义1）wash

35、, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租） , remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在 need, require, want, worth （形容词） , dese

36、rve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构： make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见 /理解自己）等。例如：Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。6. 被动形式表示主动意义， 如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）

37、, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可。例如：He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载7.need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 时，表示的是被动意义。例如：Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页